한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

가열처리에 의한 단감의 이화학적 특성

손규목,김광호,성태수,김종현,신동주,정지영,배영일 한국식품영양학회 2002 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.15 No.2

단감의 기능성 소재 및 기호성이 우수한 부원료로서의 이용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 단감새옥를 전처리별 즉, 열처리 온도 (25℃, 75℃ 및 95℃) 에서 NaCl (0, 1, 3%) 농도별로 침적 (1, 5분) 하여 동결건조한 시료구를 대상으로 탄닌, 비타민 C, 색도 및 조직감 등을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 탄닌 성분은 열처리 온도, NaCl 농도 및 침적시간이 증가할수록 탄닌함량이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 특히, 대조구 (420 mg%) 에 비해 95℃에서 1% 및 3% NaCl 농도에 5분간 침적시 각각 228 및 198 mg%로 감소하였다. 비타민 C 함량은 대조구 (122.4 mg%)에 비해 95℃에서 3% NaCl 농도에 5분간 침적시 75.8 mg% 로 감소하였고, 색도는 열처리 온도, NaCl 농도 및 침적시간이 증가할수록 L(명도) 및 b(황색)값이 뚜렷하게 증가한 반면, a(적색도) 값은 감소하였고, ??E 값은 증가하여 처리조건이 가중될수록 색의 변화가 진행됨을 알 수 있었다. 단감껍질과 전처리한 시료 (95℃, 1% NaCl, 5 분)의 flavonol 함량은 껍질에 myricetin(2.0 ㎍/g), quercetin (34. 5 ㎍/g) 및 kaemferol (1.1 ㎍/g) 성분이 검출되었고, 전처리한 시료는 myricetin (9.5 ㎍/g), quercetin (5.5 ㎍/g)이 검출되었다. 조직감은 대조구에 비해 전처리 (95℃, 1% NaCl, 5분) 한 시료에서 부서짐성, 응집성, 점성 및 씹힘성이 우수하였다. 관능검사는 95℃에서 1% NaCl에 5분 및 3% NaCl 농도에 1부간 침지한 시료가 좋은 평가를 받았다. Sweet persimmon were tested in order to identify their use as secondary material which is excellent in function and taste as food. Samples were soaked for 1 and 5 min with NaCl concentration (0, 1 and 3%) at a certain heating temperature (25, 75 and 9r℃), and then tannin, vitamin C, flavonol, color intensity, sensory test and textural properties were analyzed. The results of the analyses were as follows. Tannins were decreased as heating temperature, NaCl concentration and soaking time were increased, especially, that the control was 420 mg% but decreased 228 and 198 mg% at 95℃ (1 and 3% NaCl concentration) for 5 min, soaked in each. Vitamin C content also decreased more in higher temperature and NaCl concentration than control (122.4 mg%). Color intensity showed higher value in L and b than in heating temperature, NaCl concentration and soaked time longer remarkably, but a value decreased. The peel of sweet persimmons was analyzed myricetin (2.0 ㎍/g), quercetin (34.5 ㎍/g) and kaemperaol (1.1 ㎍/g), but in pre-treatment sample ( 95℃, 1% NaCl concentration and 5 min, soaked ) was showed higher myricetin (9.5 ㎍/g) and quercetin (5.5 ㎍/g). Textural properties were good in pre-treatment sample ( 95℃, 1% NaCl concentration and 5 min, soaked) such as brittleness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness. In sensory analysis, the pre-treatment samples (95℃, 1% NaCl concentration and 5 min, soaked and 95℃, 3% NaCl concentration and 1 min, soaked) were showed higher point than others.

오스테나이트계 스테인리스강의 진동감쇠능에 미치는 ε 마르텐사이트의 영향

손동욱,김재환,김익수,Miyahara Kazuya,성장현,강창룡 대한금속재료학회 2004 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.42 No.8

The effect of the phases of y, α' and ε martensites, which constitute the structure of the 316L stainless steel with austenite structure at room temperature, on the damping capacity at room temperature has been investigated. As a result, various fractions of these phases were formed depending on the degree of cold work. The largest volume fraction of a martensite phase is obtained by 20% cold rolling and showed the highest damping capacity. The damping capacity is strongly controlled by the volume fraction of ε martensite with linear relationship, while the other phases of α' and r have actually no effect on the damping capacity.

褐色腐朽菌 Tyromyces palustris와 白色腐朽菌 Coriolus versicolor의 腐朽型 比較

孫東元,金思翼,吳正壽 동국대학교 생명자원과학대학 연습림 1995 연습림논문집 Vol.- No.4

This study was carried out to examine decay type with Brown-rot fungi, Tyromyces palustirs and White-rot fungi. Coriolus versicolor via the applications of ultrastructual, physical, and chemical methods. The results was following; When these fungi were cultured on wood blocks for the period of 30days, weightloss was 13.7% in T. palustris and 15.3% in C. versicolor whereas the weightloss was 24.3% in T. palustris/ 33.5% in C. versicolor for the culture of 60 days. Therefore, the weightloss of white rot fungi was greater than that of brown rot fungi. Holocellulose contents of wood blocks were 25.0% in T. palustris, 5.0% in C.versicolor for 30 days whereas 35.4% in C. versicolor in 7.9% for 60 days. Therefore, the utilization of holocelluose in T. palustris was greater than in C. versicolor. In case of the observation of SEM, degradation process of cell wall was rapid in T. palustris. Decrease rates of stress (parallel to grain) were 16.9% in T. palustris and 0.5% in C. versicolor for 15 days whereas for T. palustris was 20.3% and C. versicolor was 7.6% for 30 days. Therefore, T. palustris was higher rate of stress than C. versicolor. As a latter study, the causes of above differences were also concentrated on non-enzymatic decay mechanism.

표면 비드높이 예측을 위한 최적의 신경회로망 선정에 관한 연구

손준식,김인주,김일수,장경천,이동길 한국공작기계학회 2005 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

The full automation of welding has not yet been achieved partly because the mathematical model for the process parameters of a given welding task is not fully understood and quantified. Several mathematical models to control welding quality, productivity, microstructure and weld properties in arc welding processes have been studied. However, it is not an easy task to apply them to the various practical situations because the relationship between the process parameters and the bead geometry is non-linear and also they are usually dependent on the specific experimental results. Practically, it is difficult, but important to know how to establish a mathematical model that can predict the result of the actual welding process and how to select the optimum welding condition under a certain constraint. In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop an neural network model to predict the weld top-bead height as a function of key process parameters in the welding. and to compare the developed model and a simple neural network model using two different training algorithms in order to select an optimal neural network model.

GMA용접에서 유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 비드높이 예측 모델 개발에 관한 연구

손준식,김일수,장경천,이동길 한국공작기계학회 2006 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

Gas metal arc welding process has been chosen as a metal joining technique due to the wide range of usable applications, cheap consumables and easy handling. Three main indicators such as arc voltage, welding speed and welding current have a big influence in the quality welding. Since all these factors affect the quality of the welded joining parts, the effect of these parameters was investigated experimentally. In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop the predicted models (quadratic and cubic) for bead height using genetic algorithm. Performance of the developed models were proved to be compared to the regression equation.

針葉樹樹皮 溫水抽出物의 Trichoderma sp. 菌絲生育抑制效果

孫東元,金思翼,吳正壽 동국대학교 생명자원과학대학 연습림 1993 연습림논문집 Vol.- No.3

This study was carried out to get the reduction effect of mycelial growth on the bark hot­extractives of Pinus densiflora and Quercus aliena to the shiitake mushroom such as growth inhibitor, Trichoderm viride, Tricoderma harzianum. The obtained results are as follows ; As growing the concentration of hot­extractives the reduction effect of mycelial showed high reduction effect regardless of tree species. When it added 1% of the bark hot­extractives of Pinus densiflora, it showed 36%, 53% of reduction effect at Tr. viride, Tr. harzianum respectively. And at Quercus aliena it showed 38%, 46% at Tr. viride, Tr. harzianum respectively. The reduction effect of mycelial growth of authentic (+)­catechin at Tr. viride, Tr. harizianum showed 32%, 36%, respectively. And tannic acid at Tr. viride, Tr. harzianum showed 60%, 76%, respectively. The bark hot­extractives of sorft­wood showed reduction effect range from 36% to 53% to shiitake mushroom growth inhibitor and it considered that poly­flavanols which some kinds of tannin compound were responsible for the reduction effect.

새조개 처리동결 가공부산물을 이용한 페이스트 젓갈의 품질 및 저장안정성

손정호,강훈이,김명희,하정자,강동수,조영철 여수대학교 1997 論文集 Vol.11 No.2

A fermented squeezed-type paste was manufactured for the purpose of effective utilization of cockle shell by-product, and their rheological properties, texture and storage stability were investigated. The contents of moisture, portein, lipid, carbohydrate and ash in the fermented product were 57.7%, 3.2%, 2.4%, 17.6% and 19.3%, respetively. When storage at 90 days, the contents of chemical composition were little changed. During the storage period, pH and salinity were 6.3~6.6 and 20.3~20.65%. And the product was stable for the storage of 60 days at 23±3℃ on bacterial growth. The major free amino acid in the product were glutamic acid, lysine, leucine, valine and aspartic acid. And during the storage period, orders and contents of amino acid composition were not changed compared with 0 day storage. Thus, fermented squeeze-type cockle shell by-product paste were stable that decomposition was not continued at storage period.

최종공사비 예측을 위한 적정 성과지수 선정 및 검증

손보식,이동준,이현수 대한건축학회 2005 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.21 No.2

Using EVMS can probably cause lots of confusion under the different systems and different circumstances of the construction industry between Korea and the United States, because the United States has wide experience in applying to EVMS during several decades but Korea has not. Therefore this research deals with the problem about Performance Indices in forecasting EAC(Estimate at Completion) among the problems of using EVMS. It was verified the newly proposed method on an apartment construction project having relatively sufficient performance data in order to select the most satisfactory performance index to be used in domestic construction projects. Based on the result of statistical method obtained through the adequacy analysis and confidence analysis, the 0.8CPIC+0.2SPIC, which is used in the United States, was found to be suitable for Korea. The methodology may be applied in other construction types as well.

'극진 가라테의 창시자' 崔倍達의 생애와 무도사상

김동제,정찬수,손영학 한국스포츠리서치 2005 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.16 No.2

We are accustomed to Western material civilizations and materialism. and thus are dominantly inclined not to believe in what is invisible. However. something invisible is not necessarily non-existent. Air is invisible but fills our surroundings. One who continues to seek will be shown the way. While Choi Bae-dal was dominating the Japanese martial community. Koreans were mocked and angered at by Japanese. Japan, at that time. was undergoing hardships to have to overcome the aftermath of its defeat in the war. And, their domain on Korea. which they looked down on so much. ended. Amid such a situation. one Korean martial art practitioner overpowered so many Japanese martial art masters. allowing the Japanese to be prejudiced against him. Choi Bae-dal, however, ascended to the Japanese martial art divinity ranking, because he pursued strongness and was a pure fighter and martial art practitioner. His life was indeed fierce and vibrant from discipline process to competition to small anecdotes. Meantime, he said that he was afraid of fighting, being hit and being defeated. He further said that he was afraid of being crippled and debilitated from fighting. rather than of being dead while fighting. As such, he was an ordinary human being. He fought fiercely and vibrantly with all his body and soul presumably because he found a truth through fighting that he pursued. He fought in the worldwide arena, and his challenging spirit inspires us today. He accomplished tremendous achievements through a legendary life. He confronted and won every competition with unflinching determination. and wealth and reputation were not what he truly pursued. He wanted to leave behind a proud life that one could lead. He fiercely fought every competition as if it were the last opportunity and a death and life competition. He embraced such a philosophy based on his long-time fighting life. We should embrace progressive values and thoughts as martial art practitioners and sportsmen. In deference to his life, we should learn what are true values and what efforts should be made to attain them. It is satisfying to take a look at the life of the great martial art practitioner, like his Japanese family name Ooyama meaning a great mountain.