The Naebang Gasa Revisited : Yangban Women's Discourse as a Means for the Confirmation Self-identity

Shin, Eun Kyung Research Institute of Asian Women Sookmyung Women' 2005 Asian Women Vol.21 No.-

The naebang gasa or "inner-room gasa" is widely believed to be a poetic genre written in hangŭl, which was mainly composed by yangban women of Yŏngnam Province and flourished in the late Chosŏn period. As the social ranking system was destabilized in this period for various reasons, the yangbans or the ruling class began to feel a sense or crisis in maintaining their social status and already-acquired privileges. It was, therefore, needed for the ruling class to strengthen the Confucian practical ethic of personal autonomy and responsibility, distribute and infuse it to the commoners in order to facilitate their governing act and overcome the critical situation. The yŏllyŏ jŏn ("Biographies of Faithful Women") by yangban male literati and the naebang gasa by yangban women, both of which appeared in large quantities in this period, need to be understood as a way to find the solution of the critical situation. The gyenyŏ ga and the jatan ga, two subtypes of the naebang gasa, differ from each other in that the focus of the former is put to foreground the role of mother and that of the latter is placed to display the laments of an individual woman. On this basis, we can characterize the gyenyŏ ga as "the song of 'I' as a mother" who successfully completed her entry into the position of a matriarch, and the jatan ga as "the song of 'I' as a woman" who, in a sense, failed to carry out the task. If the former has greater affinity with "a sense of family," the latter with "the rise of self-consciousness." The naebang gasa secures a significant position in Korean literary history, because it functioned as a means for the confirmation of women's "sense of existence as a mother or as a woman."

An Approach to Structural and Thematic Binding

Shin, Kyung Sik 대한언어학회 2001 언어학 Vol.9 No.2

Shin, Kyung-sik 2001. An Approach bo Structural and Thematic Binding. The Lineuistic Association of Korea Journal, 9(2), 23-48. Chomsky (1981, 1986) and Chomsky and Lesnik (1993), among others, develop a theory of anaphora, the structural binding theory, in which the structural neticns of "c-command" and "government" are central ones. Pointing out some empirical problems with the structural binding theory, Reinhart and Reuland (1991, 1993) and develop a theory of anaphora, the thematic binding theory, in which the notion of the argument structure of a predicative head is a central one. Pointing cut some problems with the thematic binding theory, I will propose the structural and thematic binding theory, into which important insists from both the structural binding theory and the thematic binding theory are incorporated. (Korea Mlitary Academy)

The Meaning of Nature in Robert Frost’s Poetry

Won Kyung Shin 한국영미어문학회 2015 영미어문학 Vol.- No.116

Won Kyung Shin. 2015. The Meaning of Nature in Robert Frost’s Poetry. Studies in British and American Language and Literature 116, 83-98. This study aims to examine the particular meaning of nature in Robert Frost’s poetry. Frost is usually considered a nature poet or a farmer poet because he lived as a farmer and nature significantly influenced his poetry. However, his view on nature is different from other nature poets’. To him, nature is not a romantic subject and it is not an object to admire, either. In some of his poetry, nature, being unfavorable and even threatening to men, is the place where people struggle for existence. This paper, studying some of Frost’s poems such as “Storm Fear,” “Lodged,” “The Last Word of a Bluebird” and “Out, Out―,” examines the meaning of nature in his poetry. In many of his poems, Frost does not feel unity with nature as it neither inspires man nor gives him peace. In some of his poems nature exists as a menace to man’s survival and the poet metaphorically describes human nature. Frost believes that real nature poetry does not describe nature itself, but portrays human beings in nature. So, Frost’s nature poetry is full of insights and deep understanding of man and life.

고속도로변 Sky-Line 확보를 위한 방음벽 높이에 대한 연구

신은경(Shin Eun-Kyung),김세용(Kim Sei-Yong) 대한건축학회 2011 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.27 No.7

The purpose of this study is to determine the effective height of the noise barrier for the highway Sky-Line Project. It builds upon previous studies that analyzed soundproofing measures of roads and their surrounding residential areas. Although many soundproofing measures have been established along the road side, this study has the added distinction of considering residential noise prevention measures as well as the Soundproofing system itself. The process of this study is as follows. First, it took field surveys to check the existing physical states of the noise barrier, roads, and residences along the Kyung-bu highway in Seoul area. Second, this study conducted and analyzed surveys targeting road side residents, highway drivers, specialists in architecture, urban planning and design, landscape, road, noise, and transportation. Third, it calculated the optional height of the noise barrier for a comfortable driving environment and building the Sky-Line on the Highway, applying and checking its results on a case study. Finally, we verified the height on the Kyung-bu highway using the HW-NOISE simulation program.

중년여성의 약물사용 실태 조사

이영선,김은경,김경숙,강경인,김희선,신성희,김은숙,최지선,신혜숙,황선기 여성건강간호학회 2001 여성건강간호학회지 Vol.7 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the drug use of middle aged women. The subject consisted of 330 middle aged women who ranged in age from 40 to 60 years. They were selected in Seoul, Kyung-Ki province, Korea. Data were collected by using questionnaires, from April, 10th to 30th 2001 and analyzed by the SPSS PC+ program using qui-square. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. The proportion of drinking and smoking experience was 42.4%, 3.7%. The motivation of drug use was advised family and relatives(46.1%), doctor's order(39.4%), magazine and advertisement(14.5%). Most of middle aged women get the information on knowledge of drug from hospital(47.3%), magazines and advertisement(30.3%), advised family and relatives(22.4%). And 57.9% of the middle aged women didn't know side effect of the using drug and 13.9% of the middle aged women have had experienced with side effect. And the level of attitude on drug abuse in middle aged women was 43%. Most of the subjects(93.9%) didn't use alternative drugs, and they used more than 3 kinds of drugs(47%). 2. They used digestives(44.2%), applying ointments(41.8%), drinks(39.4%), analgesics(39.1%), laxatives(8.8%), anti hypertension drugs (8.8%), and anti-anemic drugs(8.8%) in their orders.

CMOS 연산 증폭기 및 비교기 회로의 자동 설계

신현우,김천호,김득경,신창호,신경욱 國立金烏工科大學校附設生産技術硏究所 1994 産業技術開發硏究 Vol.10 No.-

The paper describes a CMOS analog circuit design tool, K_ACD(Kumoh_Analog Circuits Designer), and design results. The K_ACD was developed for automatic design of fundamental analog circuit blocks such as comparator, unbuffered OP AMP, and buffered OP AMP. For given specifications and process parameters, it computes bias currents, transistor sizes, voltage gain, and power dissipation, then SPICE simulations are automatically carried out. Some design examples show usefulness of the K_ACD in analog circuit designs.

노인의 대체요법 이용 양상에 대한 조사연구

신경림,박선영,신수진 성인간호학회 2004 성인간호학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the using pattern of alternative therapies in the elderly. Method: 197 subjects, persons who were more than 60 years old, we interviewed. We modified and complemented Shin's(2000) instrument in accordance with purpose of this study. Data were analyzed statistically by using SAS program. Result: 1. It was shown that 66.84% of subjects have utilized one or more types of alternative therapy. 2. It was shown that the most frequently used types are acupuncture (48.83%), and ethmoid bone therapy (42.75%). 3. Acupuncture was shown to be the most satisfactory type of therapy (14.50%). 4. There was a significant difference in the use ratio by sex; female 73.47% and male 60.20%. 5. Among users of alternative therapies, the most frequent responses to each question were as follows: 1. Motive of Use - "for complete cure of symptoms" (32.31%). 2. Side effects - "no side effects" (95.97%). Conclusion: We found that elderly persons used alternative therapies more frequently than others perpulations. Diet therapy and Hand therapy were most commonly used in older people. Although the elderly use alternative therapy, they cannot place confidence in its scientific reliability. Therefore, we need to examine the effects of alternative therapy.

운문사 女僧의 住生活 環境調査 : Focused on the Change of the Living Pattern and Lighting Conditions 起居樣式의 變化와 照明環境을 중심으로

신경주,곽경숙,최정신,심현숙 漢陽大學校 韓國生活科學硏究所 1991 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.- No.1

In this rapid changing period, the study about traditional life is necessary to preserve our culture. Un Moon Sa Buddist nuns' school was chosen for this study because that temple could be the last place to be affected by modern western culture. The purpose of this survey was to find out the change of traditional living pattern of Buddist nuns and lighting conditions of their school(Un Moon shool for Buddist nuns), and to compare it with last survey in 1985. The results of the survey were as follows. 1) Nuns' living area was enlarged as much as about 2.5 times since 1985 and leisure space too. 2) Students' living schedule was not changed so much since 1985, but the distance of moving trace was increased because of addition of working time. 3) Their private living pattern was almost sitting style on the floor as ever, but the public space such as ones for guests, leisure and kitchen were transferred to chair -using style. 4) The average rate of daylight of nuns' living space was 1.3% during day time and average illumination was 33 Lux during night time. So their lighting conditions was insufficient for reading books.

죽음불안 척도의 개발과 타당화

신경일(Kyung Il Shin),김두길(Du Gil Kim) 경성대학교 사회과학연구소 2018 社會科學硏究 Vol.34 No.4

본 연구에서는 한국성인들의 죽음불안 측정도구를 개발하고 척도의 타당도와 신뢰도를 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 선행연구와 기존의 도구들을 고찰하고 전문가들과의 토론 및 자문을 통해 43개의 1차 문항을 선정하였다. 1차 문항이 포함된 예비척도에 대한 자료는 부산, 경남지역에 거주하는 성인 143명(남자 50, 여자 93, 평균연령 48.4세)으로부터 수집되었다. 수집된 자료에 대한 탐색적 요인분석을 통해 23개 문항, 3개 요인이 추출되었다. 20~69세까지 한국 성인 남녀 248명(평균연령 52.3세)을 대상으로 25개 문항으로 제작된 2차 척도를 실시하여 나온 자료에 대한 확인적 요인분석 결과 14개 문항, 3요인모델이 최종 선택되었다. 제1요인은 자기자신의 죽음에 관련된 불안으로 명명하였으며 제2요인은 신과 사후심판에 대한 불안, 제3요인은 가족 등 중요한 타인에 미치는 영향에 대한 불안으로 명명하였다. 개발된 전체 척도의 신뢰도는 .882이었으며 요인1은 .879, 요인2는 .838, 요인3은 .763으로 대체로 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 구인타당도 및 공인타당도 검증을 위한 Templer의 죽음불안 척도, 죽음관여도 척도 및 특성불안과의 관계는 모두 수용할 수 있는 수준에서 나타났다. 아울러 본 연구에서 개발한 척도의 활용방안 및 연구의 제한점을 논의하였다. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a death anxiety scale for Korean adults. Through the literature review and interview with Korean adults, 150 items were developed. After discussion and consultation with professionals about death psychology, 43 items about death anxiety were selected. These items were the preliminary scale and administered to 143 Korean adults(male 50, female 93, average age 48.4) lived in Busan, Kyung-Nam province. Through the item analysis and exploratory factor analysis, 25 items of 3 factors were extracted. The scale consisting of 25 items was performed to the samples of 248 Korean adults (male 122, female 126, average age 52.3) and the confirmatory factor analysis was done. The results of the factor analysis showed evidence of construct validity. Although 23 items of the scale was shrunk into 14 items, the original three-factor structure was replicate. The three factors of this scale were named as follows: First, Anxiety about Self Death second, Anxiety about Existence of God and Judgement after Death. And the final was Anxiety about Remained Family Members. This scale demonstrated satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity. The correlation between Templer’s Death Anxiety Scale, Death Concern Scale and Trait Anxiety Scale seemed appropriate. Based on the results, the limitation of the study and the practical use of this scale were discussed.

Mn-SOD와 GST 유전자 다형성에 따른 유아의 산화손상지표의 분포

신유경(Shin, You-kyung),최지원(Choi, Ji-Won),오세영(Oh, Se-Young),정자용(Chung, Jayong) 한국영양학회 2015 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.48 No.6

우리나라 일부 건강한 유아를 대상으로 Mn-SOD Val16Ala, GSTP1 Ile105Val, GSTT1 present/null, GSTM1 present/null 유전자 다형성 분포를 살펴본 결과, Mn-SOD Val/Val형, GSTP1 Ile/Ile형, GSTT1 null 형, GSTM1 null 형이 주된 (major) 유전자형인 것으로 나타났다. 이 중 Mn-SOD Val/Val형은 Val/Ala 또는 Ala/Ala형에 비해 소변 8-OHdG 수준이 유의적이지는 않으나 높은 경향을 나타내었고, GSTP1 Ile/Ile형은 Ile/Val 또는 Val/Val형에 비해 소변 8-OHdG 수준이 유의적으로 낮았다. 간접흡연에의 노출 여부와 간접흡연-유전자 다형성의 상호 작용이 산화손상지표에는 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 건강한 유아에서 GSTP1 Val allele 보유한 경우 산화적 손상에 대해 취약할 수 있음을 제시하며, 추후 대규모 연구를 통한 검증 및 이들 유전자형을 보유한 대상자를 위한 효과적인 영양 중재방안에 대한 고려가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: Genetic polymorphisms in antioxidant defense and detoxification genes may modulate the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers. Methods: A total of 301 healthy preschool-aged children in the Seoul and Kyung-gi areas were recruited. DNA was extracted from blood for genotyping of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) Val16Ala, glutathione S-transferase (GST) P1 Ile105Val, GSTT1 present/null, and GSTM1 present/null polymorphisms by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism or multiplex PCR analyses. In addition to a questionnaire survey, the levels of urinary 8-hydroxyl-2-deoxiguanosine (8-OHdG) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by ELISA. Results: Significantly higher urinary 8-OHdG concentrations were observed in GSTP1 Ile/Val + Val/Val genotype (p = 0.030), and tended to be higher in Mn-SOD Val/Val genotype (p = 0.065). On the other hand, exposure to environmental tobacco smoking (ETS) and interaction between ETS and gene polymorphisms did not significantly influence either urinary 8-OHdG concentrations or serum MDA. Conclusion: Based on our findings, GSTP1 Ile/Val gene polymorphisms might modulate the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in healthy preschool children.