위암환자에서 복강경보조하 위절제술에 미치는 제1조수의 역할

양송이,서경원,윤기영,최승호 대한내시경복강경외과학회 2010 Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery Vol.13 No.2

Purpose: Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG)has become a feasible and acceptable surgical technique for treating early gastric cancer. However, there are no reports about the role of the first assistant on LADG. The aim of this study is to compare between an experienced first assistant and an inexperienced first assistant surgeon for conducting LADG to treat early gastric cancer. Methods: The data from 32 consecutive patients with early gastric cancer and who underwent LADG by one surgeon between May 2008 and December 2008 was reviewed. The operation times of 32 consecutive patients were reviewed. Other indicators such as the transfusion requirements, the time to first flatus, and the postoperative hospital stay were also evaluated between an experienced first assistant and an inexperienced first assistant surgeon. Results: No significant differences between an experienced first assistant and an inexperienced first assistant surgeon in terms of the patients' clinicopathologic characteristics and surgical outcomes were found, but there was a statistically significant difference in the operation times between the two groups. Conclusion: After the operator has overcome the learning curve and standardization has been established, LADGs are minimally affected by the role of the first assistant.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae 감염의 신속 항원 검사 키트 “Ribotest Mycoplasma®”의 진단적 평가

양송이,한미선,김선중,이성연,최은화 대한소아감염학회 2019 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.26 No.2

Purpose: Early detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is important for appropriate antimicrobial therapy in children with pneumonia. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of a rapid antigen test kit in detecting M. pneumoniae from respiratory specimens in children with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Methods: A total of 215 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were selected from a pool of NPAs that had been obtained from children admitted for LRTI from August 2010 to August 2018. The specimens had been tested for M. pneumoniae by culture and stored at −70°C until use. Tests with Ribotest Mycoplasma® were performed and interpreted independently by two investigators who were blinded to the culture results. Results: Among the 215 NPAs, 119 were culture positive for M. pneumoniae and 96 were culture negative. Of the culture-positive specimens, 74 (62.2%) were positive for M. pneumoniae by Ribotest Mycoplasma®, and 92 of the 96 (95.8%) culture-negative specimens were negative for M. pneumoniae by Ribotest Mycoplasma®. When culture was used as the standard test, the sensitivity and specificity of Ribotest Mycoplasma® were 62.2% and 95.8%, respectively. Additionally, the positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall agreement rates with Ribotest Mycoplasma® were 94.9%, 67.2%, and 77.2%, respectively. Conclusions: A positive test result of Ribotest Mycoplasma® suggests a high likelihood of culturepositive M. pneumoniae infection. However, a negative test result should be interpreted with caution because nearly one-third of negative test results reveal culture-positive M. pneumoniae infections. 목적: Mycoplasma pneumoniae 폐렴은 학동기 소아와 청소년의 지역사회 획득 폐렴 중 가장 흔한 원인으로, 조기에 원인 진단이 가능하다면 적절한 항균 요법을 결정하는데 도움이 된다. 본 연구는 하기도 감염 소아의 호흡기 검체에서 M. pneumoniae 를 검출하기 위한 신속 항원 검사 방법의 진단적 가치를 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 2010년 8월부터 2018년 8월까지 하기도 감염으로 서울대학교 어린이병원에서 응급실 또는 입원 치료를 받은 소아로부 터 채취한 비인두 흡인물 중 M. pneumoniae 배양 검사를 시행한 후 −70°C 초저온냉동고에 보관되어 있는 검체 215개를 선정하 였다. 비인두 흡인물 검체를 실온에서 해동하고 면역크로마토그래피를 이용한 Ribotest Mycoplasma®를 시행한 후 두 명의 검사자가 결과를 판독하였다. 검사를 시행하는 자와 판독하는 자는 배양 검사 결과를 모르는 상태에서 검사를 진행하였다. 결과: 총 215개의 비인두 흡인물 검체 중 M. pneumoniae 가 배양 양성인 검체는 119개, 배양 음성인 검체는 96개였다. M. pneumoniae 가 배양 양성인 119개 중 74개(62.2%)가 Ribotest Mycoplasma® 검사 결과 양성이었고, 배양 음성인 96개 중 92개(95.8%) 가 Ribotest Mycoplasma® 검사 결과 음성이었다. 배양 검사 결과를 기준으로 평가한 Ribotest Mycoplasma®의 민감도는 62.2% (74/119, 95% 신뢰구간, 53.5–70.9%)이었으며, 특이도는 95.8% (92/96, 95% 신뢰구간, 91.8–99.8%)이었다. 또, 양성 예측도는 94.9% (74/78, 95% 신뢰구간, 90.0–99.8%)이었으며, 음성 예측도는 67.2% (92/137, 95% 신뢰구간, 59.3–75.0%), 그리고 일치도 77.21% (166/215, 95% 신뢰구간, 71.6–82.8%)를 보였다. 결론: 본 연구 결과, 신속 항원 검출법인 Ribotest Mycoplasma® 검사결과가 양성인 경우는 M. pneumoniae 배양 양성과의 일치 도가 매우 높아서 M. pneumoniae 감염의 진단에 유용하였다. 그러나, Ribotest Mycoplasma® 검사결과가 음성인 경우의 약 1/3 은 M. pneumoniae 배양 양성인 검체이었으므로, 음성 검사 결과에 대한 해석은 주의하여야 한다.

동기조작(MO)이 자폐스펙트럼장애 학생의 자발적인 정보 맨드에 미치는 영향*

양송이,박혜숙 한국행동분석학회 2022 행동분석․지원연구 Vol.9 No.3

The current study investigated effects of motivating operation on mand for information in a middle school student with autism spectrum disorders(ASD). Teaching students to mand for information can help them learn advanced language skills, increase their communications skills, and aid in decreasing challenging behaviors. However, students with ASD often do not learn to mand for information without structured teaching. The target responses of this study were mands for information using “what”, “where” and “which” and used a multiple probe design across behaviors to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. Target items were selected from high preferred items identified during preference assessments prior to the experiment. During the base line, target items were presented for abolishing operation(AO) of the items. A correct response was immediately reinforced by manded information about items. If the participant emitted no response or an incorrect response during the 5 s delay, the echoic prompt was provided by the instructor. During the intervention condition, the procedures were same as the baseline procedure except absense of the AO, thus EO was in effect for the target items. The EO procedure was effective on increasing mands for information and the participant were able to generalize this skill to novel items. 이 연구는 동기조작이 자폐스펙트럼장애 중학생의 자발적인 정보 맨드에 미치는 영향을 점검하였다. 연구 참여자는 특수학교에 재학 중인 중학교 2학년 학생으로, 의문사 질문을 이해하고 대답할 수 있으며 200개 이상의 택트가 가능하나 필요한 정보를 얻기 위한 자발적인 정보 요구 질문은 하지 않았다. 이 연구의 목표 행동은 사물에 대한 정보를 제공하지 않은 선행조건으로 ‘알 필요성’을 느끼는 상황에서 알고 싶은 정보를 요구하기 위해 ‘무엇’, ‘어디’, ‘어느’가 포함된 자발적인 질문을 하는 것이다. 연구 설계로 행동간중다간헐기초선설계를 사용하였다. 연구는 기초선, 중재, 유지 단계의 순으로 진행되었으며 각 단계 모두에서 일반화 조건을 측정하였다. 맨드의 주된 조절 변인인 동기조작의 효과를 알아보고자 기초선과 중재 단계에서 오직 동기조작만을 달리하였으며 촉구를 포함한 모든 절차를 동일하게 통제하였다. 연구 결과 동기조작은 자발적인 정보 맨드 습득에 영향을 주었으며, 이를 통해 습득한 정보 맨드는 훈련되지 않은 다른 사물로 일반화되고 유지되었다.

Organ distribution and subcellular partitioning of Cd and Zn in seven organs of Octopus minor and their trophic transfer to mouse

양송이,이병권 대한조선학회 2012 대한조선학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2012 No.5

용존 Cd과 Zn에 노출된 굴 (Crassostrea gigas) 의 기관별 금속 축적과 세포 내 결합특성

양송이,정선경,이병권 한국패류학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.33 No.4

A radiotracer study was conducted to investigate bioaccumulation and subcellular partitioning of Cd and Zn in the different organs (gills, digestive glands and residue tissues) of the oyster (Crassostrea gigas) during 3-week exposure to water-borne source (with and without 20 μg Cd L-1 and 100 μg Zn L-1) and 3-week depuration in uncontaminated seawater. Cd and Zn in the whole soft tissue and individual organs continuously increased during 3-week exposure. Following 3-week exposure, metal concentrations in the gill tissue was 3.3-6 X Cd and 1.5-2.5 X Zn in two other organs while Cd and Zn in digestive glands was about twice the concentrations in residue tissues. The release rate of Zn (1.9% d-1) was a little faster than Cd (1.6% d-1) during 3-week depuration. Cd and Zn in the three organs was mostly in the detoxified form as metal rich granule, where > 60% in gills and residue tissues while > 30% in digestive glands. The Cd and Zn associated with metallothionein-like proteins was < 10% in the all organs. The potentially toxic and metabolically sensitive fractions (organelles and heat-sensitive protein) of Cd and Zn in the gill and residue tissues ranged 18-31%, while that in digestive glands was 47% for Cd and 36% for Zn. The trophically transferable fractions ranged 29-52% for Cd and 22-39% for Zn in the all organs. The results provide some clue to understand why oyster could accumulate unusually high concentrations of heavy metals and could habitat in metal contaminated environment.

Primary Sclerosing Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma with Eosinophilia of the Thyroid: Description of a Case and Review of the Literature

양송이,박광국,유지영 대한갑상선학회 2017 International Journal of Thyroidology Vol.10 No.2

Primary sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia (SMECE) of the thyroid gland is a very rare disease. We present the clinical and histopathologic findings of a 37-year-old woman recently diagnosed with SMECE of the thyroid gland. The patient, clinically euthyroid, who presented with a neck swelling since last 2 years along. Fine needle aspiration cytology suggested thyroid papillary carcinoma. Total thyroidectomy, central neck dissection and right selective neck dissection were performed. Although SMECE is considered to be a relatively slow growing and non-aggressive tumor, occasional metastasis does occur. We report an additional case of SMECE, with metastasis to regional lymph nodes. Physicians should be aware of extended operation, including total thyroidectomy and/or neck node dissection for metastatic lesion of the neck node. More standardized treatment is likely to evolve in the future.

Expressions of miRNAs in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Their Associations with the BRAFV600EMutation and Clinicopathological Features.

양송이,최영식 고신대학교(의대) 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 2020 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.35 No.1

Objectives: The microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to be commonly expressed in papillary thyroid carcinoma. The BRAFV600Emutation is the most common genetic mutation in thyroid cancer. The main aim of this study was to determine the possible association between expression of the three miRNAs and that of BRAFV600E mutation and the clinicopathological features in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Methods: This study was conducted on 51 paraffin-embedded tissues (42 thyroid cancer, 9 benign tumor) obtained from patients undergoing thyroidectomy at the Endocrine Center of OOO University Hospital. Results: miRNAs expression was significantly high in patients with cervical lymph node metastasis and advanced TNM stage. In addition, miR-146b expression levels were significantly higher in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with BRAFV600E mutation. The relative quantification (2-△△Ct) of miR-146b was also high among the miRNAs. Individually, the AUCs for miRNA-146b was 0.923 (cutoff value -1.97, sensitivity 88.9%, specificity 85.7%). Conclusions: Especially, expression of miR-146b increased higher in PTC patients with BRAFV600Emutation. These findings showed a role of miR-146b as potential biomarkers in differentiating PTC from benign tumor and as a prognostic indicator of PTCs. Further investigation will need for the roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of papillary thyroid carcinomas.

이매패류 3종의 크기 및 수온에 따른 여수율과 노닐페놀 흡수율의 관계

양송이,이종현,이병권,Yang, Songyi,Lee, Jong Hyeon,Lee, Byeong Gweon 한국해양학회 2013 바다 Vol.18 No.2

본 연구에서는 두 개의 크기집단의 바지락(Ruditapes philippinarum), 재첩(Corbicula japonica), 홍합(Mytilus edulis)을 세 개의 수온 조건(5, 13 그리고 $18^{\circ}C$)에서 용존 노닐페놀에 노출시킴으로써 개체 크기와 수온 변화가 여수율과 용존 노닐페놀 흡수율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 이를 통해 이매패류의 여수율과 유기화합물질 흡수과정의 관련성에 대해 평가하고자 하였다. 단위무게당 여수율($CR_{wt}$)은 모든 개체 크기와 온도 범위에서 홍합(0.3-4.9 L $g^{-1}\;h^{-1}$)이 가장 높았으며, 재첩(0.44-1.98 L $g^{-1}\;h^{-1}$), 바지락(0.08-0.6 L $g^{-1}\;h^{-1}$) 순으로 나타났다. 한편 단위무게당 노닐페놀의 흡수율은 종 간 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 단위무게당 여수율과 노닐페놀 흡수율은 일반적으로 개체의 크기가 증가함에 따라 감소하고, 온도가 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 세 종 모두에서 노닐페놀 흡수율은 여수율과 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 한편 노닐페놀 흡수율은 같은 여수율 범위에서 홍합, 재첩, 바지락 순으로 증가하였다. 여수율과 노닐페놀 흡수율의 높은 상관관계로부터 여수율이 이매패류의 용존 유기화합물 흡수에 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 추정할 수 있다. The present study was conducted to evaluate relationship between nonylphenol uptake rate and clearance rate of Ruditapes philippinarum, Corbicula japonica and Mytilus edulis. Variation of the temperature and body size of the bivalves was used to modulate clearance rate and nonylphenol uptake rate in this experiment. Clearance rate and nonylphenol uptake rate experiments were determined for two different size classes of the bivalves (R. philippinarum: 0.35, 0.73 g, C. japonica : 0.047, 0.1000g, M. edulis: 0.30, 0.37 g; mean flesh dry weight) and three different temperature regime (5, 13 and $18^{\circ}C$). Weight-specific clearance rate in all animal size and temperature ranges increased in the order of R. philippinarum, C. japonica and M. edulis. The weight-specific nonylphenol uptake rate did not show specific trend among species. The clearance rate and nonylphenol uptake rate generally decreased with animal size and increased with water temperature. For all three species nonylphenol uptake rate had a strong relationship with clearance rate. For a given clearance rate ranges, the nonylphenol uptake rate was in the order of R. philippinarum > C. japonica > M. edulis. The results suggest that water ventilation capacity of filter-feeding organisms is an important physiological factor controlling uptake rate of dissolved nonylphenol.

Prenatal Particulate Matter/Tobacco Smoke Increases Infants’ Respiratory Infections: COCOA Study

양송이,김병주,이소연,김효빈,이철민,유진호,강미진,유호성,이은,정영호,김형영,서주희,권지원,송대진,장광천,김우경,심정연,이수영,양현종,서동인,홍서아,최길용,신윤호,안강모,김경원,김은진,홍수종 대한천식알레르기학회 2015 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.7 No.6

Purpose: To investigate whether prenatal exposure to indoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) affects susceptibility to respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in infancy, to compare their effects between prenatal and postnatal exposure, and to determine whether genetic factors modify these environmental effects. Methods: The study population consisted of 307 birth cohort infants. A diagnosis of RTIs was based on parental report of a physician’s diagnosis. Indoor PM2.5 and ETS levels were measured during pregnancy and infancy. TaqMan was used for genotyping of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) (rs6726395), glutathione-S-transferase-pi (GSTP) 1 (rs1695), and glutathione-S-transferase- mu (GSTM) 1. Microarrays were used for genome-wide methylation analysis. Results: Prenatal exposure to indoor PM2.5 increased the susceptibility of lower RTIs (LRTIs) in infancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=2.11). In terms of combined exposure to both indoor PM2.5 and ETS, prenatal exposure to both pollutants increased susceptibility to LRTIs (aOR=6.56); however, this association was not found for postnatal exposure. The Nrf2 GG (aOR=23.69), GSTM1 null (aOR=8.18), and GSTP1 AG or GG (aOR=7.37) genotypes increased the combined LRTIs-promoting effects of prenatal exposure to the 2 indoor pollutants. Such effects of prenatal indoor PM2.5 and ETS exposure were not found for upper RTIs. Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to both indoor PM2.5 and ETS may increase susceptibility to LRTIs. This effect can be modified by polymorphisms in reactive oxygen species- related genes.

위절제술 후 절제연 양성으로 진단된 진행성 위암 환자의 임상적 경과

양송이,이상호 고신대학교의과대학 2012 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.27 No.1

Objectives: Many investigators have recommended adequate resection margin and lymphadenectomy for radical curative resection. The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical characteristics of positive resection margin (proximal or distal) of postgastrectomy in advanced gastric cancer. Methods: We studied 17 patients with gastric cancer who were diagnosed positive resection margin by intraoperative frozen biopsy or permanent biopsy report from January 2005 to December 2007, retrospectively. Surgical margin monitored by endoscopy. Results: Distal gastrectomy was performed in 13 patients and total gastrectomy in 4. Gastrectomy with combined resection including splenectomy was performed in 3, distal pancreatectomy in 2, transverse colon segmental resection in 1, and cholecystectomy in 2. Positive Proximal margin was found in 12, positive distal margin in 3, and both in 2. Palliative chemotherapy was performed in 8 patients. Postoperative follow up endoscopy was established in only 8 patients. Malignant results from endoscopic biopsy in gastroenteric or esophagoenteric anastomotic line were proven in 2 patients during follow up. 9 patients were not performed follow-up endoscopy. Among total 17 patients, 2 patients are alive. Fifteen patients died of aggravation of disease in 13 and postoperative complication in 2. Conclusions: Although positive surgical margin in far advanced gastric cancer were found, it can consider that does not further resection to obtain microscopic clear anastomotic margin.