정상청력 역치를 가지는 일측성 이명환자의 불쾌역치에 대한 개체내 비교 연구

심현준,조용태,장동혁 대한이비인후과학회 부산,울산,경남 지부회 2019 임상이비인후과 Vol.30 No.2

Background and Objectives:Several studies have demonstrated that tinnitus subjects show significantly re- duced sound level tolerance compared with control subjects, but they did not separate into groups with unilat- eral and bilateral tinnitus in the analyses. To investigate the influence of tinnitus on sound level tolerance, we compared uncomfortable loudness level (UCL) among tinnitus ears (TEs) and non-tinnitus ears (NTEs) of unilateral tinnitus subjects and control ears of normal subjects. Moreover, we compared UCL between tinnitus subjects who complained hyperacusis and those who did not. Materials and Methods:Human subjects in- cluded 50 unilateral tinnitus subjects (12 males and 38 females) with normal and symmetric hearing thresh- olds and 64 control subjects. We conducted psychoacoustic measurements of UCLs with 500 Hz and 3,000 Hz pure tones in each ear separately. Results:The There were no significant differences of UCLs at 500Hz and 3,000 Hz of between TEs and NTEs, but the UCLs at 500 Hz and 3,000 Hz of both TEs and NTEs were lower than those of the control ears. No significant differences of UCLs at 500 Hz and 3,000 Hz were found between tinnitus subjects with hyperacusis and without hyperacusis. The UCL of 500 Hz had significantly negative correlation with the duration of tinnitus and subjective tinnitus loudness. Conclusions:These results support the existing hypothesis that tinnitus and hyperacusis are commonly caused by an increase of central gain. Re- duced sound level tolerance in not only TEs but also NTEs might imply that the increased central gain affects bilaterally in consequence of loudness balance mechanism by lateral olivocochlear efferents.

Feasibility and Safety of Transcutaneous VagusNerve Stimulation Paired with Notched Music Therapyfor the Treatment of Chronic Tinnitus

심현준,곽민영,안용휘,김동현,김윤진,김효정 대한청각학회 2015 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.19 No.3

Background and Objectives: A recent study demonstrated that tinnitus could be eliminated by vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with notched sounds in a rat tinnitus model. The aims of this clinical study were to investigate the effects and safety of transcutaneous VNS (tVNS) by patch-type electrode paired with notched music for treating chronic tinnitus. Subjects and Methods: Thirty patients with refractory chronic tinnitus for >12 months were included in this study. A patch-type electrode was attached to the auricular concha of the patient's left ear and tVNS was performed for 30 min (pulse rate 25 Hz, pulse width 200 μs, and amplitude 1-10 mA) using a transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation eco2. During tVNS, the patients listened to notched music cleared of the frequency spectrum corresponding to the tinnitus with a 0.5 octave notch width. Results: After 10 treatment sessions, 15/30 patients (50%) reported symptom relief in terms of a global improvement questionnaire. The mean tinnitus loudness (10-point scale) and the mean tinnitus awareness score (%) improved significantly from 6.32±2.06 to 5.16±1.52 and from 82.40±24.37% to 65.60±28.15%, respectively (both p<0.05). None of the patients had any specific side effects, such as changes in heart rate or blood pressure. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated the feasibility and safety of tVNS paired with notched music therapy in patients with chronic tinnitus, with the use of a pad-type electrode attached to the auricular concha. Background and Objectives: A recent study demonstrated that tinnitus could be eliminated by vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with notched sounds in a rat tinnitus model. The aims of this clinical study were to investigate the effects and safety of transcutaneous VNS (tVNS) by patch-type electrode paired with notched music for treating chronic tinnitus. Subjects and Methods: Thirty patients with refractory chronic tinnitus for >12 months were included in this study. A patch-type electrode was attached to the auricular concha of the patient's left ear and tVNS was performed for 30 min (pulse rate 25 Hz, pulse width 200 μs, and amplitude 1-10 mA) using a transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation eco2. During tVNS, the patients listened to notched music cleared of the frequency spectrum corresponding to the tinnitus with a 0.5 octave notch width. Results: After 10 treatment sessions, 15/30 patients (50%) reported symptom relief in terms of a global improvement questionnaire. The mean tinnitus loudness (10-point scale) and the mean tinnitus awareness score (%) improved significantly from 6.32±2.06 to 5.16±1.52 and from 82.40±24.37% to 65.60±28.15%, respectively (both p<0.05). None of the patients had any specific side effects, such as changes in heart rate or blood pressure. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated the feasibility and safety of tVNS paired with notched music therapy in patients with chronic tinnitus, with the use of a pad-type electrode attached to the auricular concha.

실사 기반 VR 콘텐츠의 감성 반응 연구: 360 제품 이미지를 중심으로

심현준,노연숙 한국감성과학회 2020 감성과학 Vol.23 No.2

Given the development of information technology, various methods for efficient information delivery have been constructed as the method of delivering product information moves from offline and 2D to online and 3D. These attempts not only are about delivering product information in an online space where no real product exists but also play a crucial role in diversifying and revitalizing online shopping by providing virtual experiences to consumers. 360 product image is a photorealistic VR that allows a subject to be rotated and photographed to view objects in three dimensions. 360 product image has also attracted considerable attention considering that it can deliver richer information about an object compared with the existing still image photography. 360 product image is influenced by divergent production factors, and accordingly, a difference emerges in the responses of users. However, as the history of technology is short, related research is also insufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to grasp the responses of users, which vary depending on the type of products and the number of source images in the 360 product image process. To this end, a representative product among the product groups that can be frequently found in online shopping malls was selected to produce a 360 product image and experiment with 75 users. The emotional responses to the 360 product image were analyzed through an experimental questionnaire to which the semantic classification method was applied. The results of this study could be used as basic data to understand and grasp the sensitivity of consumers to 360 product image. 정보 기술 발전으로 인하여 제품 정보를 전달하는 방식이 오프라인과 2D중심에서 온라인과 3D로 이동하면서 효율적 인 정보 전달을 위한 다양한 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 시도는 실물이 부재된 온라인 공간에서 단순히 제품의 정보를 전달하는 것에 그치지 않고 소비자에게 가상의 체험을 제공하면서 온라인 쇼핑의 다변화 및 활성화에 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 360 제품 이미지는 피사체를 회전시켜 촬영하여 대상을 다양한 시점에서 입체적으로 볼 수 있는 실사 기반의 VR이다. 360 제품 이미지는 기존의 정지 이미지와 비교하여 대상물에 대해 풍부한 정보를 전달할 수 있다는 측면에서 주목받고 있다. 360 제품 이미지는 다양한 제작 요인에 의해 영향을 받으며, 이에 따라 이용자의반응에 차이가 있으나 기술의 역사가 짧은 만큼 관련 연구 또한 미비하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 360 제품 이미지의 제품의 형태와 소스 이미지의 수에 따라 변하는 이용자의 반응을 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 온라인 쇼핑몰에서 많이 접할 수 있는 상품군 중 대표적인 제품들을 선정하여 360 제품 이미지를 제작하고 75인의 이용자를 대상으로 실험을 진행하였으며, 의미분별법을 적용한 실험 설문을 통해 360 제품 이미지에 대한 감성 반응을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 360 제품 이미지에 대한 수용자의 감성을 이해하고 파악하는데 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

광고사진 비주얼에 관한 소비자의 주관성 연구: 국제광고사진 공모전 수상작을 중심으로

심현준,육가유,신상혁,이종윤,홍장선 한국커뮤니케이션학회 2020 커뮤니케이션학연구 Vol.28 No.1

This study is the subjectivity study of the consumer who sees the winning advertisement photo of the international advertisement photography competition. Advertising photography is an important image language that enhances the effectiveness of advertising, and delivers images of products and companies to consumers. Ad-maker need to understand consumers in order to effectively deliver the function of advertisement photography, and through this, the direction of development of advertisement photography can be explored. Therefore, it is necessary to explore which advertisement pictures consumers prefer and how to accept them positively. To this end, we analyzed the consumer's preference for the winning works of the KAPA International Advertising Photography Contest using the Q methodology that can measure the subjective attitude of people. The analysis found three types. The first type is “Emotional appeal Portrait Photography type”, which favors stories that can be resonated. The second type is “Eye-focused object photography type” which focuses attention. The third type is “Purpose Oriented Monochrome type” which prefers simple color. Based on this, the characteristics and differences of each type were analyzed and how the contents and visual expressions of the advertisement pictures approached the consumers. 본 연구는 국제광고사진 공모전의 수상작 광고사진을 접하는 소비자의 주관성 연구이다. 광고사진은 광고효과를 높이는 중요한 이미지 언어로서 제품 및 기업의 이미지를 소비자에게 전달한다. 광고사진의 기능을 효율적으로 전달시키기 위해 광고제작자는 소비자를 이해하여야 하며, 이를 바탕으로 광고사진의 발전 방향을 모색할 수있다. 따라서 소비자들이 어떤 광고사진을 선호하고, 어떻게 긍정적으로 받아들이는지를 탐색할 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 사람의 주관적 태도를 측정할 수 있는 Q 방법론을 이용하여, ‘KAPA 국제광고사진 공모전’ 의 수상작에 대한 소비자의 선호 유형을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 세 개의 유형을 발견하였다. 제1유형은 공감할 수 있는 스토리를 선호하는 ‘감성소구적 인물사진형’, 제2 유형은 시선의 집중을 중요시하는 ‘시선집중적 사물사진형’, 제3유형은 간결한 색감을 선호하는 ‘목적지향적 단색사진형’이다. 이를 바탕으로 각 유형의 특징과 차이점을 분석하고 광고사진의 내용과 시각적 표현이 소비자에게 어떻게 다가가는지를 살펴보았다.

이미지 기반 제품 유사도 추출 및 패션 상품 배분 최적화

심현준,성신웅,백현석,장영재 한국경영과학회 2017 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.4

감압밸브 진단 및 설계 연구

심현준 한국유체기계학회 2022 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

소음성 난청

심현준 한양대학교 의과대학 2015 Hanyang Medical Reviews Vol.35 No.2

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the second most common cause of permanent hearing impairment after age-related hearing loss. NIHL is influenced by environmental and genetic factors and the effects of noise can be exacerbated by the administration of ototoxic drugs or exposure to chemicals. The pathophysiology of NIHL is classified as either mechanical injury or metabolic (or biochemical) injury. Exposure of cochleae to intense sounds has been found to disrupt the stereocilia on the hair cells by separating the tip links and to depolymerize actin filaments, resulting in a disturbance in signal transduction. Major mechanisms of metabolic injuries include accumulation of reactive oxygen species enhanced by oxidative stress, cochlear ischemia followed by reperfusion injury, and excitotoxicity to auditory neuron induced by excessive release of the cochlear afferent neurotransmitter, glutamate. Many studies involving therapeutic or preventive trial with antioxidants, JNK inhibitors, and NMDA antagonists have shown partial effectiveness. However, protection from noise before cochlear injury occurs is very important because damaged hair cells and auditory neurons in the mammalian cochleae are unable to regenerate.

Hearing Abilities at Ultra-High Frequency in Patients with Tinnitus

심현준,김선기,윤상원,정대한,여승근,박철호,이성희,A Ram Ki 대한이비인후과학회 2009 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.2 No.4

Objectives. To compare tinnitus patients who have normal hearing between 250 Hz and 8 kHz with normal controls with regard to the ability of each group to hear extended high-frequency pure tone thresholds. Methods. We enrolled 18 tinnitus patients, each of whom had a threshold of HL <25 dB and threshold differences of <10 dB between ears at frequencies of 250 and 500 Hz and 1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz. We also enrolled age- and gender-matched normal volunteers (10 ears), for each patient. Extended high frequency pure tone audiometry was performed, and the mean hearing thresholds at 10, 12, 14, and 16 kHz of each tinnitus ear were compared with those of the 10 age- and sex-matched normal ears. Results. Of the 18 patients with tinnitus, 12 had significantly increased hearing thresholds at more than one of the four high frequencies, compared with the normal group. When we assessed results according to frequency, we found that 8 patients had decreased hearing ability at 10 kHz, 10 at 12 kHz, 8 at 14 kHz, and 4 at 16 kHz. Conclusion. Some patients with tinnitus who have normal hearing below 8 kHz have decreased hearing ability at extended high-frequencies. Thus, the proportion of patients with tinnitus who have normal hearing over the entire audible range is smaller than in previous reports. Objectives. To compare tinnitus patients who have normal hearing between 250 Hz and 8 kHz with normal controls with regard to the ability of each group to hear extended high-frequency pure tone thresholds. Methods. We enrolled 18 tinnitus patients, each of whom had a threshold of HL <25 dB and threshold differences of <10 dB between ears at frequencies of 250 and 500 Hz and 1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz. We also enrolled age- and gender-matched normal volunteers (10 ears), for each patient. Extended high frequency pure tone audiometry was performed, and the mean hearing thresholds at 10, 12, 14, and 16 kHz of each tinnitus ear were compared with those of the 10 age- and sex-matched normal ears. Results. Of the 18 patients with tinnitus, 12 had significantly increased hearing thresholds at more than one of the four high frequencies, compared with the normal group. When we assessed results according to frequency, we found that 8 patients had decreased hearing ability at 10 kHz, 10 at 12 kHz, 8 at 14 kHz, and 4 at 16 kHz. Conclusion. Some patients with tinnitus who have normal hearing below 8 kHz have decreased hearing ability at extended high-frequencies. Thus, the proportion of patients with tinnitus who have normal hearing over the entire audible range is smaller than in previous reports.

폐쇄성 수면무호흡·저호흡 환자의 수면다원검사에서 각 지수들간의 상관관계에 대한 연구

심현준,구본조,박경훈,권순욱,윤상원,김의중 대한이비인후과학회 2004 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.47 No.9

Background and Objectives:The polysomnography is essential for diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea (OSAH) and provides important objective information. But, in fact, there are some difficulties for comprehensive interpretation of multiple indices from the polysomnogram. This study was designed to find out which polysomnogram indices were significant to respiratory distress indices (RDI) and apnea index (AI) on statistical correlation and which other indices should be considered together for proper management plan apart from RDI and AI (respiratory index). Subjects and Method:We evaluated 40 patients whose RDI were over 5 as the result of overnight polysomnography before any management from February 2003 to September 2003 at Eulji medical center. By multiple linear regression analysis, we studied the relationship of RDI and AI as dependent variables to ST, O2 desaturation events (O2DE), lowest O2 saturation (LoO2), slow wave sleep portion (S3&S4), arousal index (ArI), body-mass index (BMI) and age. We also studied the relationship of ST as an dependent variable to O2DE, LoO2, S3&S4, ArI, BMI, and age. Results:1) There were significant correlations between RDI and O2DE, ArI as was true between AI and O2DE, ArI (p<0.05). And there was no significant difference in the degree of the correlation between RDI and AI. 2) Other variables such as ST, LoO2, S3&S4, BMI and age were not significant. 3) ST had no significant correlation with respiratory index and any other variables (p<0.05). Conclusion:Because the respiratory index may not the entire physical status during sleep for OSAH patients, multiple indices (such as LoO2, BMI, ST, S3&S4, age) should be considered together apart from the respiratory index for proper management plan.

측두골 전산화 단층촬영의 정량적 측정을 이용한 내이 기형의 진단

심현준,신정은,정종우,이광선 대한이비인후과학회 2006 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.49 No.7

Background and Objectives:The objectives of this study were to achieve the normative measurements of inner ear structures on temporal bone computed tomography (TBCT) and, by using these data, diagnose the malformations of severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) ear accurately. Subjects and Method:For the normative data of the inner ear structures, the TBCT of 60 patients (120 ears) with normal bone-conduction threshold (<15 dB) were used and the data were applied to 570 ears of 285 cochlear implantees with severe to profound SNHL. Six identifiable inner ear structures (cochlea, vestibule, superior semicircular canal, lateral semicircular canal, posterior semicircular canal, and internal auditory canal) were measured in numerically designated areas by picture archiving and communications system. The inner ear anomalies were defined when the structures presented visually obvious malformations or when the measurements deviated 2 standard deviations (SD) from the means in the normative data. Results:We achieved the mean and SD values from the normal bone-conduction group. A total of 293 anomalies were detected in 127 of the 570 (22.3%) profound SNHL ears. An enlarged vestibular aqueduct was the most common individual anomaly (49 cases), followed by vestibular enlargement (38 cases), other semicircular canal dysplasia (37 cases), and shortened cochlea (34 cases). Conclusion:We suggested a measurement technique for the inner ear structures using TBCT and derived normative measurements helpful for diagnosing inner ear anomalies. Quantitative measurements of the cochlea may improve the detection of cochlear hypoplasia and SCC dysplasia from relying on simple visual inspection. (KoreanJ Otolaryngol 2006;49:688-94)