예비 영어교사 성찰에 나타난 문제해결 역량의 다층적 분석: 성찰-폭과 성찰-깊이

박국정 한국교원교육학회 2023 한국교원교육연구 Vol.40 No.3

본 연구는 예비 영어교사가 영어지도 과정에서 직면한 문제를 해결하는 차원의 성찰 역량을 다층적으로 분석하였다. 이를 위해, 문제해결 측면의 가이드라인에 따라 예비 영어교사 20명이 한 학기 동안 작성한 94개의 성찰일지에 나타난 성찰 역량을 성찰-폭과 성찰-깊이 관점에서 분석하였다. 먼저, 성찰-폭(breadth) 수준은 성찰일지에 나타난 문제해결의 절차적 단계의 개수를 기준으로 분석하였다: 문제 정립(PD: Problem Determination), 문제 분석(PA: Problem Analysis), 해결책(RS: Resolution). 다음으로, 성찰-깊이(depth) 수준은 각 절차적 단계에 나타난 인지적 사고유형(기술(description), 정교화(elaboration), 근거 제시(justification), 평가(evaluation))의 조합이나 성찰자가 문제에 접근하는 관점(교사-관점(Teacher-view), 학생-관점(Student-view), 제3-관점(Alternative view))의 조합을 기준으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 문제해결 절차와 관련된 성찰-폭은 수준-1 (PD: 문제를 기술만 하는 수준)부터 수준-4 (PD+PA+RS: 문제를 기술, 분석, 결론까지 이르는 수준)까지로 나타났다. 이어서 문제를 정의하는 단계의 성찰-깊이는 PD-1부터 PD-4까지, 문제를 분석하는 단계의 성찰-깊이는 PA-0부터 PA-3까지, 그리고 해결책 제시 단계에서 성찰-깊이는 RS-0부터 RS-3까지 다양하게 나타났다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 예비 영어교사의 문제해결 성찰 역량 신장에 대한 시사점을 논의하였다. This study attempted to analyze the level of pre-service English teachers’ reflection performed for problem-solving from a multi-layered perspective. For this purpose, 94 teaching journals were analyzed, written by 20 prospective English teachers who reflected on their mentoring according to semi-structured problem-solving guidelines. The level of reflection shown in the teacher's journal of the participants was analyzed in terms of ‘reflection-breadth’ and ‘reflection-depth.’ First, the level of ‘reflection-breadth’ in each journal was analyzed based on the type of combination of procedural steps of problem-solving: Problem Determination (PD), Problem Analysis (PA), and Resolution (RS). Next, the ‘reflection-depth’ level refers to the types of combination of cognitive purposes (description, elaboration, justification) in each procedural step of problem-solving or the combination type of viewpoints from which the reflector approaches the problem (Teacher-view, Student-view, and Alternative view). As a result of the analysis, the reflection-breadth related to the problem-solving procedure ranged from level 1 (PD: the level of reflection where problems are described) to level 4 (PD+PA+RS: the level of reflection where problems are described, analyzed, and conclusions are drawn). In contrast, for each breadth-level, the reflection-depth is from PD-1 to PD-4 in the stage of determining the problem, the reflection-depth is from PA-0 to PA-3 in the stage of analyzing the problem, and the reflection-depth in the stage of reflection conclusion varied from RS-0 to RS-3. Based on these results, the implications for developing pre-service teachers' reflective ability regarding problem-solving were discussed.

러시아의 수학교과서에 제시된 수준별 교수내용의 분석

한인기 한국수학교육학회 2022 수학교육논문집 Vol.36 No.1

In relation to differentiated mathematics education, Russia has a longer experience in research and practice than Korea. The mathematics curriculum for 10-11 grades currently in use in Russia is a level-specific curriculum and consists of a basic level and an advanced level. And in Russia mathematics textbooks for 10-11 grades are also textbooks for each level. In this study, we analyzed basic level textbook and advanced level textbook written by the same author group among the textbooks ‘Algebra and Introduction of Mathematical Analysis’ of the 10th grade in Russia. To analyze the main learning contents and textbook descriptions that were added in advanced level the ‘real numbers’ and ‘complex numbers’ sections were studied. The main contents of basic and advanced level textbooks for ‘functions’, ‘trigonometric functions’, ‘trigonometric equations’, ‘conversions of trigonometric expressions’, and ‘derivatives’, which are included in both basic and advanced textbooks were compared and analyzed, and the descriptive characteristics of the definitions and theorems presented in the two levels of textbooks were also compared and analyzed. From the results of this study, it is expected that various information on the contents of various level textbooks of mathematics, the differences between textbooks for each level, and strategies for the composition of textbooks for various level can be accumulated. 수준별 수학교육과 관련하여 러시아는 우리나라보다 오랜 연구와 실천의 경험을 가지고 있다. 현재 러시아에서 사용중인 10-11학년 수학과 교육과정은 수준별 교육과정으로 기본수준과 심화수준으로 구성되어 있으며, 기본수준과 심화수준은 다루는 최소필수내용, 학생들에게 요구되는 수준 등에서 차이를 보인다. 그리고 10-11학년의 수학교과서도수준별 교과서이다. 본 연구에서는 러시아의 10학년 ‘대수와 해석의 기초’의 교과서들 중에서 같은 저자 그룹에 의해집필된 기본수준 교과서, 심화수준 교과서를 분석 대상으로 삼았다. 심화수준 교과서에만 있는 ‘실수’, ‘복소수’ 단원의 내용을 조사하여 심화의 성격으로 추가된 주요 학습 내용과 교과서 기술의 특징을 분석하였다. 그리고 기본수준교과서와 심화수준 교과서에 모두 포함된 단원인 ‘함수’, ‘삼각함수’, ‘삼각방정식’, ‘삼각함수 식들의 변환’, ‘도함수’에대해서는 기본수준과 심화수준 교과서의 주요 학습 내용을 비교, 분석하였고, 두 수준의 교과서에 제시된 정의와 정리의 서술상 특징도 비교, 분석하였다.

3D 게임 입체감에 따른 프레즌스와 시각적 피로도 차이

백승진(Seungjin Baek),정동훈(Donghun Chung) 한국HCI학회 2014 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.2

본 연구에서는 3D 입체 게임에서 입체감 수준이 게임이용자의 프레즌스와 시각적 피로에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 했다. 30명을 대상으로 한 실험연구 결과, 긍정적 경험 요인인 프레즌스와 프레즌스의 하위차원인 공간관여와 몰입실재감이 입체감 수준에 따라 차이가 있음을 나타났는데, 중간 수준의 입체감에서 가장 높은 프레즌스 감각을 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 부정적 경험 요인인 시각적 피로도는 입체감 수준에 따라 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 게임에서의 3D 입체감이 긍정적으로 작용하기 위해서는 시차와 입체감을 적정 수준으로 조절해야함을 제안하였다. This study examines that the impact of depth level in 3D stereoscopic gaming on psychological experiences of players such as presence and visual perception. In the experimental research, thirty male students enjoyed Valve’s Left 4 Dead 2 after randomly assigning into three different depth levels such as 10, 70, and 119 using Ugo Capeto 3D’s Depth Map Automatic Generator 2. The results show that spatial involvement and realistic immersion in presence and presence are statistically signigicant while visual fatigue is not significant. This result more specifically explains that a moderate level of disparity gives the participants the best presence experience while it tends to feel greater visual fatigue the bigger depth levels.

Language Aptitude in the Development of Vocabulary Breadth and Depth of EFL Learners with Different Proficiency Levels

Lingjie Tang,Jayeon Lim 한국영어학회 2023 영어학 Vol.23 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of language learning aptitude in the development of vocabulary breadth and depth of adult EFL learners with different proficiency levels. To this end, sixty Chinese EFL college students were divided into two proficiency groups of high and low and participated in three online tests of measuring vocabulary breadth, depth and aptitude. The results showed that high proficiency (HP) learners outperformed low proficiency (LP) learners in three subdivided aptitudes of rote memory, grammatical sensitivity and phonetic coding ability. HP also outperformed LP in vocabulary breadth at all frequency levels, indicating a positive relationship between language aptitude and vocabulary breadth. With vocabulary depth, HP produced more valid paradigmatic associations than LP. However, no difference was found based on the two proficiency group’s responses to syntagmatic and phonological associations of the vocabulary depth test. The results implicate that L2 learners’ vocabulary depth developed with a more paradigmatic tendency as their proficiency increased. No difference was found in syntagmatic associations between the two proficiency groups, indicating a possibility of it continuously posing a challenge for L2 learners. As with phonological associations, it seems that L2 learners rarely rely on phonological information when learning vocabulary. Among different aptitudes, rote memory strongly contributed to vocabulary breadth at all frequency levels and to paradigmatic and syntagmatic associations in LP learners. The contribution of aptitudes in HP was unclear. The findings show that rote memorization of vocabulary may be helpful for low proficiency learners, whereas additional factors may be at play in advanced level learners. Thus, further studies are needed in investigating additional factors that may contribute to vocabulary development as learners’ proficiency increases.

습윤상태의 피복두께와 물-시멘트비를 고려한 반전위와 철근 부식량의 상관성

류화성,박재성,권성준 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2017 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집 Vol.21 No.3

콘크리트는 다공성 건설재료이며, 매립된 철근의 부식은 내구성 및 안전성에 큰 영향을 미친다. 본 연구는 비파괴 검사인 반전위측 정값과 생성된 부식량과의 상관성을 피복두께, 물-시멘트비를 고려하여 도출하는 것이다. 이를 위해, 3가지 수준의 물-시멘트비와 4가지 수준 의 피복두께를 가진 시멘트 모르타르 시편이 제조되었으며, 3가지 수준의 촉진부식기간을 고려하여 부식량 및 반전위를 측정하였다. 습윤상태 에서는 반전위가 크게 증가하였으며, 부식량과 촉진기간은 선형적인 관계를 가지고 있었다. 부식량이 증가할수록, 피복두께가 감소할수록, 물-시멘트비가 증가할수록 반전위는 증가하였다. 전체의 반전위 측정값을 부식량과 비교할 경우 0.67의 낮은 결정계수를 가지고 있었으나 부식 량(촉진기간)을 고려하여 3가지 수준을 고려할 경우 0.90이상의 높은 결정계수를 가지고 있었다. 실내조건과 같이 온도가 일정하고 포화상태 일 경우, 측정된 반전위는 부식량과 선형적인 상관성을 가지고 있었으며, 피복두께, 물-시멘트비, 철근직경, HCP의 측정범위를 알 수 있다면, 매립된 철근의 부식량을 예측할 수 있다고 판단된다. Concrete is a construction material with porous media and corroded steel inside affects negatively to durability and structural safety. This study aims a derivation of quantitative relationship between measured HCP (Half Cell Potential) and corrosion amount considering cover depth and W/C (water to cement) ratio. For the work, cement mortar specimens with 3 different W/C ratios and 4 different cover depths are prepared, HCPs are measured with 3 different corrosion level. HCP measurement significantly increases in the saturated condition and linear relationship is observed between corrosion level and acceleration period. With increasing corrosion level and W/C ratio, and decreasing cover depth, HCP measurement increases. Considering total corrosion level and HCP measurements, relatively low COV(Coefficient of Variation) of 0.67 is evaluated through multi-linear regression analysis, however higher COVs over 0.90 can be obtained considering level of HCP measurement. In the room condition, corrosion level can be evaluated through measured HCP in the given conditions of cover depth, W/C ratio. diameter of steel inside.

음향측심기와 GNSS 기반의 수로측량에 관한 연구

박응현 ( Eung-hyun Park ),김대현 ( Dae-hyun Kim ),전혜연 ( Hae-yeon Jeon ),강호윤 ( Ho-yun Kang ),유경완 ( Kyung-wan Yoo ) 한국지리정보학회 2018 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.21 No.3

본 연구는 현 기본수준면 기반의 수로측량 시스템과 타원체 기반의 수로측량 시스템을 분석하여 좀 더 일관성 있는 해저지형자료를 얻을 수 있는 방법에 대해 연구하였다. 이를 위해 타원체 기반의 수로측량을 동일한 측선 라인에 대하여 왕복 수행하였다. 그리고 해수면의 승강현상(조석 에너지 및 그 외 해양환경 에너지에 따른 해수면 변화)을 기본수준면 기반의 보정방법과 타원체 기반의 수심 보정방법으로 각각 처리하여 수심을 산출 하였다. 분석결과, 동일 구역(측선)의 수심단차현상이 기본수준면 기반의 산출물보다 타원체 기반의 산출물이 좀 더 향상된 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 타원체 기반의 수로측량을 수행할 경우 측량구역의 해수면 변동을 실시간으로 반영함으로서 좀 더 일관성 있는 해저지형을 생성 할 수 있다고 사료된다. In this study, In this study, the Datum Level-based hydrography surveying system and the ellipsoid-based system were analyzed to acquire more consistent depth data. For the study, the ellipsoid-based surveying for hydrography was conducted twice for the same track line. And the depth was calculated by correcting rise and fall of water level (water level change by tidal energy and other marine environmental energies) respectively by the traditional water level correction method and ellipsoidally referenced water level correction method. there is able to check that Ellipsoid-based hydrographic surveying data is more improved than Datum Level-based hydrographic surveying data in aspect of level difference phenomenon in the same area (surveying line). This result shows that if the Ellipsoid-based hydrographic surveying is performed, the sea level change (tidal energy and other marine environmental energy) of the survey area in real time could be reflected to more consistent generating bathymetric data.

자율주행 자동차의 기능 안전을 위한 고장 단계 판단 알고리즘 및 종방향 고장 탐지 기반 성능평가

송태준,이혜원,오광석,박성렬,이경수 대한기계학회 2019 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.43 No.2

본 논문은 자율주행 시스템의 기능 안전을 위한 고장 단계 판단 알고리즘 개발 및 종방향 고장 탐지 기반 성능평가에 관한 연구이다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 자율주행 자동차의 고장-안전 시스템은 자율주행을 위해 사용되는 센서 및 구동기 고장에 대한 인지, 판단, 제어 단계로 구분되며 각 단계는 고장을 검출 및 분류, 고장 단계 판단, 판단에 따른 대처방안을 제시한다. 본 연구는 고장을 4단계로 구분함으로써 고장 단계를 정의 했으며, 고장으로부터 합리적인 대응 제어를 위한 판단 알고리즘을 제시한다. 고장 판단은 세부 판단 단계인 sub-decision A와 B를 포함하고 있으며, 각각 대체 시스템의 존재 여부에 따른 판단된 고장 level과 제어권 전환 여부에 따른 고장 단계를 판단한다. 제안된 판단 알고리즘은 종방향 고장 탐지 알고리즘을 기반으로 Matlab/Simulink 환경에서 3차원 차량 동역학 모델을 이용하여 성능평가를 수행하였다. This paper presents a fault level decision algorithm for functional safety of autonomous vehicles and longitudinal fault detection based performance evaluation. The fail-safe system of autonomous driving presented this study is divided into perception, decision and control steps for the failure. Each step detects and classifies the failure, decides the fault level, and suggests countermeasures according to the decision. In this study, fault level is defined by dividing faults into four levels, and a decision algorithm for resonable countermeasures for faults is presented. The fault decision algorithm includes sub-decisions A and B, where A is the level of decision about whether the system is in the substitute system, and B is the level of decision about whether the driver's ceding control is possible. Based on the fault detection algorithm, the proposed decision algorithm is evaluated using a 3D vehicle model in Matlab/Simulink environment.

치주치료 후 유지치주치료의 효과에 관한 평가

김신영(Shin-Young Kim),김용건(Yong-Gun Kim) 대한치과의사협회 2017 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.55 No.1

Purpose : Preservation of the periodontal health of the treated patient requires supportive periodontal therapy for the elimination of periodontal disease. After Phase I therapy is completed, patients are placed on a schedule of periodic recall visits for maintenance care to prevent recurrence of the disease. The amount of tooth loss would be the most relevant criterion in an evaluation of the effect of periodontal treatment, but this would require studies with extremely long follow-up periods. Thus the most commonly used outcome criteria in clinical research have been clinical attachment level change, reduction of pocket depth and bleeding frequency. The purpose of this case study is to identify the effect of supportive periodontal therapy after periodontal flap surgery. Materials & Methods : Following routine hygienic phase of treatment, patients with chronic periodontitis received surgical periodontal treatment. Bleeding on probing, pocket depth and clinical attachment level were measured at baseline, pre-operation and 1 year follow up. All procedures were performed by one operator. Results : One year a total of 28 patients (58sites) to recheck remained, when conducted maintenance program after periodontal flap surgery was observed reduction of bleeding frequency, pocket depth and improvement of clinical attachment level. Conclusion : The results from this study indicate that supportive periodontal therapy after periodontal flap surgery is effective for reduction of bleeding frequency, pocket depth and gain of clinical attachment level.

Depth-Level에 근거한 지형 텍스처 자동 생성 알고리즘 연구

이창조 영산대학교 2004 영산논총 Vol.13 No.-

In this paper, Computer Games is still going strong. We are still making incremental improvements to the computer game, mobile game, but it seems to have settled into a fairly standard version and layout. Many games have passed through our life over the past couple of years. A number of the best have been written about in these games. Unfortunately there are too many games and too little time, and make some hard choices about what games actually play regularly. This is obviously a very personal list of favorite games, and change fairly regularly as new games rotate in and old games are given a rest for a while. Therefore, a game has to have, above all, interesting tactics and strategy, but also we like originality and simplicity. There is also a certain quality that is very difficult to define that makes some games beautiful. At last in this issue we return to mobile oriented games. This paper will discuss A Map-Texture Automatic Generation Algorithm Research which Bases Depth-Level.

흡연이 치주 판막술후 치유에 미치는 영향

조규성,이정태,최성호,이승원,채중규,김종관,Cho, Kyoo-Sung,Lee, Jung-Tae,Choi, Seong-Ho,Lee, Seung-Won,Chai, Jung-Kiu,Kim, Chong-Kwan 대한치주과학회 1999 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.29 No.1

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of periodontal tissue which has been lost due to destructive periodontal disease. Various periodontal procedures have been used throughout the years in an attempt to reestablish attachment of periodontal tissues to root surfaces affected by periodontitis. Flap debridement surgery has been demonstrated to be a successful procedure in gaining the probing attachment level and reducing probing depth. A tendency towards impaired wound healing following periodontal procedures in smokers has been clinically documented. But, previous clinical studies on healing response in smokers are based on a retrospective design. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcome following flap debridement surgery in smokers compared to nonsmokers. 25 patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis were included for study. Among these patients, 13 patients were smokers, and 12 patients were nonsmokers. Mucoperiosteal flap was raised with the sulcular incision. No antibiotic treatment was administered postsurgery. The patients was recalled at monthly intervals during a period of 6 months following the surgery. The patients were received supragingival scaling and oral hygiene reinforcement. All the recordings, including modified O' Leary plaque control record, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, probing attachment level,were recorded, presurgery and 6 months postsurgery. The changes of all the recordings at 6 months after flap debridement surgery revealed the following results: 1. PI on all the dentitions and surgical sites showed no statistical significance between smokers and nonsmokers at presurgery. But, smokers demonstrated a significantly lower % of PI than nonsmokers at 6 months postsurgery. 2. Smokers demonstrated a greater % of BOP sites than nonsmokers on the surgical sites and all the dentitions, presurgery and 6 months postsurgery. But, there was no statistical significance between two groups. 3. Smokers exhibited significantly less reduction of probing depth in the 3 mm or less probing pocket depth(PPD) group, 6mm or more PPD group and total PPD group when compared to nonsmokers at 6 months postsurgery. 4. Smokers exhibited significantly less gain of probing attachment level(PAL) in the 3mm or less PPD group, 6 mm or more PPD group and total PPD group when compared to nonsmokers at 6 months postsurgery.