현재 댓글 작성 방식의 분석과 새로운 방안에 대한 연구

신유진 한국인터넷윤리학회 2018 The Digital Ethics(디지털 윤리) Vol.2 No.2

Comments are a way of expressing one's opinions or feelings about postings in a short sentence or paragraph format. Commenting is an important way to talk about communication culture on the Internet and plays an important role in shaping social opinion. There are two ways to write a comment in the current society: the regular comment system and the best comment system. The regular comment system is a chronological presentation of comments written on the post, and the Best comment system is a way that have the highest number of views or recommendations, and are presented first, unlike the regular rcomment system. However, the current way of writing comments is to exploit each feature, creating bias and manipulation issues. A measure was proposed to complement those system: keyword – mind map exposure methods and propensity exposure methods. Keyword- Mind map exposure method is the way in which the AI system analyzes the number of times a comment is mentioned in a comment message and reveals frequently used words with a mind map. The propensity exposure method is a way that AI system analyzes the propensity of the comments in a given post and categorizes them according to their differences and presents them in a regular distribution chart. Although the above methods are expected to complement the bias and the possibility of public opinion manipulation in the current comment-making methods.

웹소설의 댓글과 독자 주체성의 문제

김준현 ( Kim Jun-hyun ) 국제어문학회 2021 국제어문 Vol.- No.91

이 글은 웹소설의 소통에서 댓글을 통해 독자의 주체성이 구체적으로 어떻게 강화되는지 파악하는 데 목적을 두고 진행되었다. 독자의 주체성이 댓글로 강화되었다는 가설은 많이 유통되었지만, 구체적인 양상을 토대로 학계에서 정식 논의되었다고 하기 힘들다는 점에서 이 작업은 의미를 지닌다. ‘댓글 독자’는 댓글이 소설의 소통에서 독자가 갖는 역할 양상을 극적으로 바꾼 요소가 되었음을 강조하기 위해 선언된 용어라고 할 수 있다. 웹을 통해서 유통되어야 하는 매체적인 조건 때문에, 웹소설 작품은 한 편의 독립적인 작품으로 존재하면서 동시에 독립적인 ‘웹 게시판’의 형태로 존재한다. 따라서 이런 매체상의 조건 때문에, 댓글은 웹소설 텍스트를 구성하는 중요한 요소가 되었다. 웹소설 작가는 게시판 관리자로서, 독자의 댓글을 ‘관리’해야 할 역할이 주어지게 된다. 따라서 댓글은 단순히 독자에게 말할 수 있는 창구를 마련해 놓는 것에 그치지 않고, 작가에게 적극적으로 수용됨으로써 소설의 작가와 독자 간의 소통 양상을 극적으로 바꾸어 놓았다. 이러한 댓글이라는 제도화된 창구를 통해서, 독자들은 다음과 같은 방식으로 웹소설 텍스트의 소통은 물론, 의미화에도 참여 한다. 독자의 댓글은 웹소설 텍스트를 구성하는 중요한 요소가 되었다. 웹소설 댓글 독자들은 댓글 또한 작품 텍스트를 구성하는 일부로 판단한다. 이는 사실상 댓글이 웹소설 텍스트의 범위를 작품의 경계를 넘어서 웹소설 게시판의 독서 경험의 대상 전체를 포함하도록 넓히는 데 기여하고 있다는 것을 방증한다. 댓글을 통해 독자는 웹소설 작품의 서사 진행에 관여하고, 또 작가에게 적극적으로 작품 진행에 대한 지식을 공유해줌으로써, 전통적인 독자의 수동성을 탈피한다. 또한 독자는 댓글을 통해 집단 여론을 형성하며, 이 여론은 상당히 강력한 비평적 기능을 가진다는 점 또한 강조할 수 있다. This article aimed to clarify how readers’ subjectivity is strengthened through comments in the communication of web novels. The term “comment reader” emphasizes the fact that comments have dramatically transformed the role of readers in the communication of novels. Due to the media conditions of online distribution, web novels simultaneously exist as a single independent work and as an independent “web bulletin board.” Therefore, because of these media conditions, comments have become an important component of the web novel text. As a bulletin board administrator, the web novel writer will be responsible for “managing” the readers’ comments. Therefore, the comments did not merely enable the reader to speak, but they were actively accepted by the author, dramatically transforming the way the author communicates with the reader. Through this institutionalized window of comments, readers participate in the communication of web novel texts as well as the creation of their meaning in the following ways. Readers of comments have become subjects who can claim ownership of the comments. This claim of ownership, in effect, demonstrates that comments contribute to expanding the scope of web novel text beyond the boundaries of the work to include the entire reading experience of web novel boards. Through comments, the reader is involved in the narrative progression of the web novel work and actively shares the knowledge of the work progression with the writer, thereby breaking away from the passiveness of the traditional reader. It can also be emphasized that readers form collective public opinions through comments, which have a fairly strong critical function.

외식 기업의 댓글 방향성과 신뢰성이 구매 의사에 미치는 영향: 댓글에 대한 회의적 성향의 조절 효과

이종명 한국상품학회 2018 商品學硏究 Vol.36 No.6

In this study, it is assumed that the direction of the comment affects purchasing intention when the skeptic tendency influences purchase intention. The purpose of this study is to identify the influence of comments on the importance of users' personal attributes through the variable of skepticism. This study is the academic value of this study because it intends to grasp the main effects of the direction of comments on the purchase intention through the moderating effects of the individual characteristics such as skepticism of comments . First, the direction of the comment was positive, and the respondents were able to confirm that the purchasing intention was higher than the negative comment users, and the group with high level of perceived trust in the comment increased the purchase intention to the positive comment . This suggests that the perceived trust of the commenter has a greater effect on the purchase intention than the negative comment. Therefore, it has been found that the more positive comments are, the more effective the logical proof of comments, such as objective evidence and expert quotation, which can increase the perceived confidence level of comments. The skepticism about comments has a positive effect on purchase intention regardless of the direction of the comment. This suggests that if the skepticism of the commenter is strong, the increased perceived confidence of the comment due to the objective evidence of the comment has a positive effect on the purchase intention. Therefore, these research results provide a practical guideline that it is very important to secure the objectivity and professionalism of the users with strong skepticism toward comments. 본 연구에서는 댓글의 방향성이 구매의사에 영향을 미칠 때 회의적 성향의 수준에 따라서 구매 의사에 대한 조절 효과를 보일 것으로 가정하고 있다. 사용자의 이러한 개인적 속성의 중요성을 회의적 성향이라는 변수를 통하여 댓글의 영향력을 파악하고자 한 부분이 본 연구의 차별적 연구 목표라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 기존의 연구에서 댓글의 방향성이 갖는 구매 의사에 대한 주효과를 댓글의 회의적 성향이라는 개인 특성 변수의 조절 효과를 통하여 좀 더 구체적으로 파악하고자 한 점이 본 연구의 학문적 가치라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 먼저 댓글의 방향성은 긍정적인 댓글 사용자는 부정적인 댓글 사용자보다 구매의사가 더 높다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었고 댓글에 대한 지각된 신뢰 수준이 높은 집단은 낮은 집단보다 긍정적인 댓글에 대한 구매 의사 증가폭이 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 댓글 사용자의 지각된 신뢰는 긍정적인 댓글이 부정적인 댓글보다 구매의사에 미치는 효과가 더 크다는 사실을 말해준다. 따라서 긍정적인 댓글일수록 댓글의 지각된 신뢰 수준을 높일 수 있는 객관적인 증거와 전문가 인용 등과 같은 댓글의 논리적 증명이 더 효과적이라는 사실이 밝혀졌다. 댓글에 대한 회의적 성향은 댓글의 방향성과 상관없이 구매의사에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이는 댓글 사용자의 회의적 성향이 강할 경우 댓글의 객관적인 증거로 인한 댓글의 지각된 신뢰 증가는 구매의사에 긍정적인 영향을 준다는 전략적 시사점을 보여 준다. 따라서 이러한 연구 결과는 댓글에 대한 회의적 성향이 강한 사용자일수록 댓글의 객관성, 전문성을 확보하는 것이 매우 중요하다는 실무적 지침을 제공해 주고 있다.

When Do People Post a Comment to a News Story on the Internet?

( Mina Lee ),( Inhye Choi ),( Seungchan Yang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2015 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.9 No.1

In reading news stories online, people are exposed to others` comments to a news story. In spite of popularity of comments to a news story online, the understanding of why and who posts a comment is still lacking. To complement scarcity and have a better understanding of comment-posting online, this study examined psychological factors which affect the likelihood of posting a comment to a news story online. In particular, three variables were considered: The first variable was communication efficacy, that is, an individual`s belief about communication practices and systems, under the supposition that the people who have greater levels of communication efficacy are more likely to post a comment. The second variable was perception of public opinion, to test that when and if people judge their position of the issue as favored by the majority, they tend to post a comment. And finally, the tone of existing comments was included, to test if the tone of comments affects the willingness to post a comment. The results showed that firstly, people at a high level of communication efficacy are more likely to post a comment compared to people at the low level of communication efficacy. Secondly, the perception of public opinion partly influenced the willingness to post a comment. Especially, when people believe communication systems contribute to develop society and also when judged that their opinion is the majority`s opinion, they are more likely to post a comment. Finally, the tone of the comments influenced the willingness to post a comment only on the condition that people are confident of the communication practice and are exposed to emotional comments.

효율적인 댓글 서비스를 위한 부분댓글 인터랙션 제안 -모바일 클래스 콘텐츠를 중심으로-

이유경,윤재영 한국기초조형학회 2021 기초조형학연구 Vol.22 No.2

Most of the online classes in Korea are content-oriented and unidirectional, meaning it lacks services that allows communication between the user and the content creator. Focusing on the fact that the most important method of communication in social media platforms is the ‘comment’ function, this study aims to propose a new comment service for domestic online classes to enhance the users’ understanding, efficiency, interaction, and the level of satisfaction. First, by going through a review on previous studies, I wanted to properly understand the limitations of the ‘general comment’ feature and the functionality of the newly proposed ‘partial comment’. Then, I tried to explore the effects of social interactions that occur when partial comments are applied to the online class environment. In the preliminary survey, I’ve created two different prototypes - 1) general comments, 2) general + partial comments, and conducted a user survey. Then, the main survey has been conducted after modifying the UI based on the feedback on errors, issues, improvements that can be made, etc. In the main survey, 118 men and women who are in their 20s and 30s have participated in the online class UI user evaluation and gave their opinions on the two prototypes based on four different standards – understandability, efficiency, interactability, satisfaction -. According to the study, when the ‘partial comment’ feature was introduced to the online class, it was found that the users’ satisfaction level was high as the comments directly related to the video helped the users understand the content even better, the efficiency of controls were high, and the users were able to interact better with other users. On the other hand, there was also some negative feedback stating that ‘the ratio of the video has decreased when I tried to read the comments landscape mode.’ In conclusion, most users were positive on the introduction of the new partial comments service in the online class environment, opening up the possibility of providing more efficient services. 국내 온라인 클래스는 대부분 콘텐츠 중심의 일방향적 형태로 사용자와 제작자가 소통을 하기 위한서비스가 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구는 소셜 미디어 플랫폼의 가장 중요한 커뮤니케이션 방법이 댓글기능이라는 점에 주목하여, 국내 온라인 클래스의 새로운 댓글 서비스를 제안하고, 사용자의 이해도, 효율성, 상호작용, 만족도를 높이는 데 목적을 둔다. 먼저 문헌 고찰을 통해 일반댓글의 한계점과 새롭게 제안하는 부분댓글의 기능을 파악하고 온라인 클래스 환경에 맞추어 부분댓글을 적용하였을 때 일어나는 소셜 인터랙션의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 예비조사에서는 일반댓글과 일반+부분댓글(일반댓글과 부분댓글이 합쳐진 형태)의 각각 프로토타입을 제작하여 사용자 조사하였고, 오류, 문제, 개선점의 인사이트를 토대로 UI를 수정하여 본조사를 실시하였다. 본 조사에서는 일반댓글의 형태와 일반+부분댓글의 형태를 이해성, 효율성, 상호작용성, 만족성 4가지 측정 항목으로 온라인 클래스 UI 사용자 평가를 총 20대 30대 남녀 118명에게 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과 온라인 클래스의 부분댓글 기능이 도입될 시, 영상과 직결된 댓글로 사용자에게 이해를 돕고, 조작의 효율성과 타 이용자들과의 소통을 하며 상호작용하는 것에 만족도가 높은 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 반면, ‘가로화면에서 댓글을 볼 때 영상의 비율이 낮아져 아쉽다.’의 부정적인 의견도 나타났다. 결과적으로 온라인 클래스 환경에서 대부분의 사용자들이 새로운 부분댓글 서비스에 대해 긍정적인 사용의지를 나타내고 있으며, 효율적인 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

한국어 쓰기에서의 교사 논평과 동료 논평 양상 연구 ― 논평의 위치별 유형 및 기능을 중심으로 ―

이인혜,임형옥 고려대학교 한국언어문화학술확산연구소 2014 Journal of Korean Culture Vol.25 No.-

This study investigates aspects of teacher and peer writing comments in KFL student writing focusing on the locations of written comments. For this objective, 120 papers provided by 20 teachers and 20 KFL peer students with 3 different compositions were analyzed for the presence of different feedback features such as types of writing comments(content, organization, form), functions of writing comments(summary, praise, problem/solution) all within different locations(editing, marginal, end). Overall, our results support the use of peer review and providing various feedback in different locations in written comments. Based on aspects of students' and teachers' writing comments in various locations, student writers can receive more diverse and preferable feedback if peer writing comments and teacher writing comments are provided complementarily. 본 연구에서는 교사와 동료 논평의 위치별 유형, 기능이 어떠한 양상을 보이는지를 살피고자 고급 한국어 학습자의 작문 세 편에 제공된 교사 20인과 동료 학습자 20인의 논평, 총 120편의 논평을 분석하였다. 교사 논평과 동료 논평이 제공되는 ‘위치(에디팅, 가장자리, 끝자리)’에 따라 ‘어떠한 유형(내용, 구성, 표현)’의 논평이 제공되며, 그 ‘기능(요약하기, 칭찬하기, 문제 제기 및 해결책 제시하기)’이 무엇인지 살펴보았다. 분석 결과, 에디팅 논평에서는 두 집단 모두 표현 논평이 대부분이었으나, 가장자리 논평에서는 교사는 표현 논평의 비중이 높았고 동료 논평은 내용 및 구성 논평의 비중이 높았다. 끝자리 논평에서도 동료는 교사보다 내용 논평의 비중이 높았다. 에디팅 위치에서는 두 집단 모두 문제/해결 기능이 대부분이었으나 요약하기 기능은 가장자리 논평에서, 칭찬하기 논평은 가장자리, 끝자리 논평에서 두드러졌다. 이러한 차이는 동료 논평에서 더 크게 나타났다. 문제/해결 기능의 경우, 교사는 언어적 완화장치로서 ‘질문’을 동료에 비해 높은 비율로 사용하였다. 문제 제기 및 해결책 제시 논평이 미치는 영향의 범위는 가장자리 위치에서 교사 논평과 동료 논평이 특히 큰 차이를 보였다.

‘좋아요’와 ‘싫어요’같은 간접적 사회적 정보의 방향과 강도는 온라인 뉴스 콘텐츠 댓글의 숙의의 질과 어떤 관련이 있는가? 토픽 모델링을 이용한 토픽 다양성 분석

민진영 ( Min Jin Young ),이애리 ( Lee Ae Ri ) 한국정보시스템학회 2021 情報시스템硏究 Vol.30 No.4

Purpose The online comments on news content have become social information and are understood based on deliberative democracy. Although the related research has focused on the relationship between online comments and their deliberative quality, the social information provided by online comments consists of not only direct information such as comments themselves but also indirect information such as ‘likes’ and ‘dislikes’. Therefore, the research on online comments and deliberative quality should study this direct and indirect information together, and the direction and the degree of the indirect information should be also considered with them. Design/methodology/approach This study distinguishes comments by the attached ‘likes’ and ‘dislikes’, identifies highly supported and highly unsupported comments by the intensity of ‘likes’ and ‘dislikes’, and investigates the relationship between their existence and the deliberative quality measured as the topic diversity. Then, we applied topic modeling to the 2,390 news articles and their 74,385 comments collected from five news sites. Findings The topic diversities of the supported and unsupported comments are related to the topic diversity of all comments but the degree of the relationship is higher in the case of supported comments. Furthermore, the existence of highly supported and unsupported comments is led to less diversity of all comments compared to the case where those comments are absent. Particularly, when only highly supported comments are present, topic diversity was lower than in the opposite case.

악성 댓글의 특성: 한국어와 영어의 인터넷 뉴스 댓글 비교

김영일,김영준,김영진,김경일 한국콘텐츠학회 2019 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.19 No.1

Along generalization of internet news comments, malicious comments have been spread and made many social problems. Because writings reflect human mental state or trait, analyzing malicious comments, human mental states could be inferred when they write internet news comments. In this study, we analyzed malicious comments of English and Korean speaker using LIWC and KLIWC. As a result, in both English and Korean, malicious comments are commonly more used in sentence, word phrase, morpheme, word phrase per sentence, morpheme per sentence, positive emotion words, and cognitive process words than normal comments, and less used in the third person singular, adjective, anger words, and emotional process words than normal comments. This means people are state that they can not control their feeling such as anger and can not think well when they write news comments. Therefore, when internet comments were written, service provider should consider the way that commenters monitor own writings by themselves and that they prevent the other users from getting close to comments included many negative-emotion words. In other sides, it is discovered that English and Korean malicious comments was discriminated by authenticity. In order to be more objective, gathering data from various point of time is needed. 인터넷 뉴스 댓글이 보편화 됨에 따라 악성 댓글이 확산되었고 이는 많은 사회 문제를 일으켜 왔다. 글은 심리 상태나 성격을 반영하기 때문에 악성 댓글을 분석하면 댓글을 작성할 때의 마음 상태를 추론할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 영어권과 한국어권의 악성 댓글을 LIWC와 KLIWC를 사용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, 영어와 한국어 공통으로 문장, 어절, 형태소, 문장 당 어절, 문장 당 형태소, 긍정적인 정서, 인지적 과정을 나타내는 단어가 악성 댓글이 일반 댓글보다 적게 사용되었으며, 3인칭 단수, 화, 정서적 과정을 나타내는 단어, 물리적 상태와 기능을 나타내는 단어, 속어가 악성 댓글이 일반 댓글보다 많이 사용되었다. 이는 악성 댓글을 작성할 때 사람들이 분노의 감정을 조절하지 못하고 충분히 생각하지 않은 상태에서 글을 작성하고 있음을 나타낸다. 따라서 댓글 작성 시, 작성 글을 모니터링 하도록 유도하거나 부정적 정서의 어휘가 많이 사용된 글을 다른 이용자에게 노출 시키지 않는 등의 방법을 인터넷 뉴스 서비스 제공자가 고려할 필요가 있다. 한편, 영어의 악성 댓글과 한글의 악성 댓글은 진정성 측면에서 차이가 발생했다. 좀 더 객관적 연구를 위해서 여러 시점의 댓글을 모집할 필요가 있다.

유튜브 ‘사이버 렉카’ 영상에 달린 중립 댓글이 다른 시청자들의 악성 댓글 작성 의도에 미치는 영향력 연구 : 정확성 넛지와 동적 규범의 효과를 중심으로

정민웅(Minwoong Chung),이세영(Seyoung Lee),금희조(Heejo Keum) 한국언론학회 2023 한국언론학보 Vol.67 No.1

This study investigated the effect of neutral comments on YouTube Cyber Wrecker videos on other viewers’ commenting behavior-specifically, their intention to leave uncivil comments. Cyber wreckers refer to people who create and post YouTube videos regarding social figures’ mainly ethical and moral issues. They make accusations about someone based on unverified information online, which in turn can encourage viewers’ uncivil communication behaviors attacking the targeted person. While most viewers leave malicious comments, some people leave neutral comments that have unique characteristics. General neutral comments can be defined as impartial, even-handed opinions on political or conflicting issues. Unlike these, neutral comments on Cyber Wrecker videos 1) question the veracity of the information by drawing attention to the lack of fact-checking, 2) show their intention to refrain from blindly accepting or rejecting the accusations, and 3) frequently persuade others to take a neutral stance on the matter rather than leaving one-sided comments. Based on these characteristics, this study argued that these neutral comments can function as an accuracy nudge, which is known to draw attention to the idea of correctness and encourage people to be more discrete about subsequent behaviors (e.g., sharing information). Thus, this study hypothesized that neutral comments on cyber wrecker videos would decrease viewers’ willingness to leave uncivil comments; it was also predicted that the direct mention of the absence of accuracy, compared to the indirect mention of it, could further decrease the behavioral intention. Also, guided by the dynamic norms literature, this study also hypothesized that an increasing number of neutral comments would be more influential than a static, fixed number of neutral comments. A 2 (neutral comment norms: static vs. dynamic) x 2 (accuracy mention: indirect vs. direct) between-subject online experiment was conducted to test the study hypotheses. The results showed that participants who read many malicious comments reported significantly greater willingness to leave uncivil comments than those who did not read any comments. Neutral comments significantly influenced participants’ intention to leave uncivil comments. However, the direction of the effect was inconsistent with the predictions. Participants who read neutral comments showed significantly greater willingness to leave uncivil comments than those who did not read any comments. There was no substantial difference between the direct and indirect mentions of the concept of accuracy. Participants also had the strongest intention to post uncivil comments when they read a growing amount of neutral comments that explicitly questioned the veracity of the content. Overall, these results suggest that seeing many malicious comments can result in leaving uncivil comments, consistent with the predictions of social norms theories. The unexpected findings regarding the neutral comments can be attributed to psychological reactance: neutral comments persuading others to refrain from leaving comments may threaten readers’ perceived freedom regarding commenting behavior, which may be reflected by a greater willingness to leave uncivil comments. It is also possible that neutral comments may be perceived differently (e.g., supporting the targeted person), rather than an accuracy nudge. Based on these findings, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

제20대 대통령 선거 기사에 대한 댓글 분석: 반시민적 표현을 중심으로

임인재,박윤정,이세영,금희조 한국언론정보학회 2023 한국언론정보학보 Vol.120 No.-

The objective of this study was to examine the attributes of comments on online articles. Specifically, the study explored 17,234 online comments on the 20th presidential election (November 1, 2021 to February 28, 2022), along with reports from the newspapers Chosun Ilbo, Dong-A Ilbo, Kyunghyang Sinmun, and Hankyoreh. This data supported the investigation of the relationship between the characteristics of the articles and the attributes of the comments. The coding schemes of prior studies were used to conduct a content analysis through human coding. Specifically, analysis items of article characteristics (e.g., headline characteristics, article genre, type, and main target) and comments (e.g., rude comments, hate comments) were constructed. In particular, the analysis items were constructed based on the concept of online incivility, and thus the comments were operationally conceptualized as “uncivil comments.” Online incivility refers to problematic expressions, attitudes, and behaviors that can harm individuals and groups as anti-normative words and actions that appear in various interactions through online media and platforms. Results showed that there were significantly more uncivil comments when there were direct quotes (e.g., double quotes) in the headline than when there were no direct quotes. Additionally, when the main target of the article was politicians or presidential candidates themselves (e.g., Lee Jae-myung, Yoon Suk Yeol, etc.), the proportion of political, age, and job-hating comments among the subdimensions of hate comments was high. Furthermore, the proportion of uncivil comments was high in the straight article type. Based on these results, this study provided understanding of how uncivil comments are induced according to the characteristics of the article in the online space and discussed the direction to reduce these uncivil comments.