실천윤리로써의 신경윤리학에 관한 소고(小考)

강태우,Bukulu Keneth,고광민,오태원 한국인터넷윤리학회 2022 The Digital Ethics(디지털 윤리) Vol.6 No.2

The damage caused by misuse of science and technology has a great impact on not only the current generation but also the future generation. The use of science and technology should be accompanied by responsibility and practical ethics for problem solving. In particular, the development of neuroscience can lead to serious problems such as human identity errors. The study of the ethics of neuroscience is called 'neuroethics.' Neuroethics can perform its function as a demand for a new ethical system based on the existing ethical frame, bioethics. The human brain forms the biological foundation of morality and ethics, and can be said to be the most basic personal characteristics for the proper growth and development of our society. It is necessary to revitalize neuroscience and spread neuroethics that explore the roots of morality and ethics through scientific approaches. It is necessary to establish neuroethics as a practical ethics of convergence science and technology, and through this, it is necessary to contribute to the proper use of neuroscience and the formation of social implications from a new ethical point of view. 과학기술의 오남용으로 인한 피해는 현세대뿐만 아니라 미래세대에게도 큰 영향을 끼치기 때문에, 과학기술의 활용은문제 해결을 위한 책임감과 실천 윤리가 수반되어야 할 것이다. 특히 신경과학의 발달은 인간의 정체성 오류와 같은 심각한 문제를 초래할 수 있다. 신경과학과 관련된 윤리에 대한 연구를 '신경윤리'라고 하는데, 신경윤리는 기존의 윤리적 틀인 생명윤리를 바탕으로 하여 새롭게 확장된 윤리체계로 그 기능을 수행할 수 있다. 인간의 뇌는 도덕과 윤리의 생물학적 토대를 형성하고 있으며, 우리 사회의 올바른 성장과 발전을 위한 인간의 가장 기본적인 특성이라고 할 수 있다. 먼저 신경과학을 활성화하고 과학적 접근을 통해 도덕과 윤리의 뿌리를 탐구하는 신경윤리를 확산시킬 필요가 있다. 또한 융합과학기술의 실천윤리로서 신경윤리를 정립할 필요가 있으며, 이를 통해 새로운 윤리적 관점에서 신경과학의 올바른 활용과 사회적 함의 형성에 기여할 필요가 있다.

장애학생의 인터넷 윤리교육에 대한 특수교사의 인식과 지원 요구

장은진,고혜정 한국인터넷윤리학회 2020 The Digital Ethics(디지털 윤리) Vol.4 No.2

This study was conducted to examine the actual state of Internet ethics education for students with disabilities in schools, and to explore special teachers‘ awareness of Internet ethics education and ways to effectively implement Internet ethics education. 160 special teachers from elementary, middle and high schools in the city of D and K were asked questions about their awareness of the Internet ethics education, the status of Internet ethics education, and their needs for support. Percentages were calculated for each question and t and F were tested by each teacher’s variables. Problems were identified by the overreliance on the Internet, concerns about access to harmful websites, and lack of textbooks and educational materials suitable for students with disabilities. it was necessary to provide the contents of preventive education related to cyber-bullying and Internet overreliance in audio-visual data utilization classes and activities-oriented classes. The above results could be used as basic data for establishing Internet ethics education programs for students with disabilities.

시니어의 정보윤리의식 비교: 성별, 연령, 교육수준 중심으로

남영옥,오미자,박수미 한국인터넷윤리학회 2022 The Digital Ethics(디지털 윤리) Vol.6 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 시니어가 인식하는 정보윤리의식에 대해 성별, 연령별, 학력에 따른 차이를 확인하고 이후 교육의 필요성이나 교육과정의 내용을 제안하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 확인하기 위해 전국의 50~80대 시니어를 대상으로 온라인 구글 설문조사를 실시하였다. 조사 결과 전국의 시니어 1,122명이 응답을 하였으며, 부적절한 응답을 제외한 1,085명의 응답을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 시니어의 성별, 연령, 학력에 따라 정보윤리 인식에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 성별로는 여성이 남성보다 정보윤리의식이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 연령이 낮을수록 정보윤리위식이 높게 나타났다. 또한 교육수준이 높을수록 정보윤리의식이 높게 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 시니어가 가진 정보윤리의식이 집단간 차이가 있음을 확인함으로써 시니어 특성에 맞는 정보윤리 인식 격차를 해소하기 위한 구체적인 교육내용과 방법을 마련할 필요가 있음을 제안하였다.

고등학교 인공지능 기초 교과서의 인공지능 윤리 영역의 탐구적 성향 분석

최재열,조진숙 한국인터넷윤리학회 2022 The Digital Ethics(디지털 윤리) Vol.6 No.2

This research identified the exploratory tendencies of the artificial intelligence ethics part of the ‘Artificial Intelligence Basic’ textbook. The research was conducted through Romey’s analysis on the seven textbooks of the ‘Artificial Intelligence Basic’ textbook currently used in Korean high school. After analyzing seven textbooks, the result showed that the exploratory sentences of all textbooks were insufficient in the ‘body’ part and the exploratory tendency was stronger than appropriate values in ‘activity’ part. In the part of ‘pictures and diagram’ and ‘evaluation’, the proportion of exploratory content is appropriate, and it is found to be desirable to improve student’s inquiry. When writing textbooks for the following curriculum, it is judged that it is necessary to reduce the proportion of exploration in the ‘activity’ part, and increase the exploratory tendencies in ‘text’ area. 본 연구에서는 2015 개정 교육과정에 근거하여 개발된 고등학교 인공지능 기초 교과서의 '인공지능 윤리' 영역의 탐구적 경향을 분석하였다. 7종의 교과서에 대해 Romey 분석법을 적용한 결과, '본문' 영역의 경우 모든 교과서가 탐구성이 부족한 것으로 나타났으며, '활동' 영역의 경우 6종의 교과서의 탐구성이 과도한 것으로 나타났다. '시각 자료'와 '평가' 영역의 경우 전체 교과서를 합산하여 산출한 결과 탐구적 내용의 비중이 적절해 학생들의 탐구성을 향상하기에 바람직한 것으로 나타났다.. 향후 교육과정 개정에 따른 교과서 집필 시, 활동 영역의 탐구 비중을 줄이고 본문 영역의 탐구적 성향을 높게 조절할 필요가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

인공지능(AI)의 신뢰성 확보를 위한 제언적 연구

이창규 한국인터넷윤리학회 2022 The Digital Ethics(디지털 윤리) Vol.6 No.2

In South Korea, through the publication of “People-centered Artificial Intelligence (AI) Ethics Standards", governments / public organizations, AI technology developers, product / service suppliers / users using AI, etc. All members of society have presented basic and comprehensive criteria to consider when implementing human-centric AI. A system for ensuring AI Trustworthiness has been established through such ethical guidelines, but in the future it will be necessary to reflect the degree of technological development and the content of the guidelines overseas to comply with international standards. In the future, we will have to present criteria that everyone can refer to in order to ensure the trustworthiness of AI, and to converge opinions so that related discussions can develop. And issues that require legislation in individual areas will have to be addressed on a case-by-case basis. As a way to solve various problems that may be caused by AI, the trustworthiness of AI is improved by modifying and complementing various standards that developers should comply with in the whole process from the development stage to the use stage of AI. Can be secured. In order to ensure the trustworthiness of AI, it will be necessary to continue discussions on artificial intelligence ethics issues that are newly raised in response to socio-economic and technological changes. Developers and others to whom the ethical standards are directly applied will have to be prepared to sympathize with the ethical standards and understand their true meaning. Furthermore, since problems such as data bias and algorithm discrimination can be solved technically, related research and development investment is required, and the derivation of a reliable artificial intelligence attribute standard for ethical artificial intelligence, etc. is required. The announcement of ethical standards will not be limited to one-off, but will have to be sustained and developed to reflect new issues and enable diverse actors such as academia, companies, and civil society to discuss and deliberate on artificial intelligence ethical issues. 우리나라는 “사람이 중심이 되는 「인공지능(AI) 윤리기준」”의 공표를 통해 인공지능 개발과 활용 전 단계에서 정부·공공기관, AI 기술 개발자, AI를 활용한 제품·서비스 공급자·활용자 등 모든 사회 구성원이 사람 중심의 AI 구현을 위해 고려해야 할 기본적이고 포괄적인 기준을 제시하였다. 이러한 윤리지침을 통해 AI 신뢰성(AI Trustworthiness) 확보를 위한 체계를 마련하였지만, 향후 기술의 발전 정도와 해외에서의 지침 내용을 반영하여 국제적 기준에 부합하도록 해야 할 것이다. 향후 AI 신뢰성(AI Trustworthiness) 확보를 위해 모두가 참조할 수 있는 기준을 제시하고 관련 논의가 발전해 나갈 수 있는 논의의 장을 만들고 개별 분야에서 법제화가 필요한 쟁점들에 대해서는 사안별로 사회적 합의를 토대로 대응이 필요하다. AI가 초래하는 여러 가지 문제를 해결하는 방안으로는 AI의 개발 단계에서부터 사용단계까지의 전 과정에서 개발자 등이 준수해야 할 여러 가지 당위적 조치 의무를 제시하는 AI 윤리지침의 수정 보완을 통해 AI 신뢰성(AI Trustworthiness)을 확보할 수 있다. AI 신뢰성(AI Trustworthiness) 확보를 위해 사회경제, 기술의 변화에 따라 새롭게 제기되는 인공지능 윤리 이슈에 대한 지속적 논의가 지속될 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다. 직접적인 윤리기준의 적용대상자인 개발자 등이 윤리기준에 대해 공감하고 본연의 의미를 이해할 수 있도록 준비를 해야 할 것이다. 나아가 데이터 편향성, 알고리즘에 의한 차별 등 문제는 기술적으로도 해결할 수 있으므로 관련 연구개발 투자 등이 필요하며, 윤리적 인공지능을 위해 신뢰할 수 있는 인공지능 속성 규격서 도출 등이 필요하다. 윤리기준 발표가 일회성에 그치지 않고 새로운 이슈를 반영하여 지속 발전하고 학계, 기업, 시민단체 등 다양한 주체들이 인공지능 윤리 이슈에 대해 논의하고 숙의할 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다.

디지털 시민주권(citizenship)과 시민참여형 인터넷윤리

권헌영 한국인터넷윤리학회 2017 The Digital Ethics(디지털 윤리) Vol.1 No.1

The technical system of the Internet is only a standard of network technology that connects one to another, and the notion that makes the Internet the key site of mankind today is the spirit of the Internet as dispersed individuals. Still, our reality is that netizens are being objectified as the Internet is institutionalized and spread, while our original idea is waning and making our vested rights stronger. The essential idea of the Internet is that individuals can interact with one another without having to go through someone else or the central control. The technology that implements this idea pervades every aspect of our lives. Advances in technology have enabled all owners to look at institutions and systems transparently, gather opinions systematically, make decisions and enforce them; therefore, how to use technology depends on the owner's choice. The more difficult and complicated the technologies are, the more transparent control by their owners are needed. It is difficult to find an ethical value in our society. It can also be seen that social conflicts are becoming more severe in such efforts. However, by not discussing ethical values, ethical discourse has been rejected as a taboo area. The ethical values of our society should not be transferred to the phrases 'how do we do that?'. Moreover, we need to discuss why it should be my ethical value, not others' ethical values. Our society is one in which the diversity of ethical values should be respected. The cultural diversity on the Internet has reached a level that is not necessarily a single community at all, but are communities separated by generation, region, and class. To determine the value criteria and to manage the process of enforcing those decisions, the changing and innovative ethical values need to be considered. The starting point of the present agreement is the value criteria set by the current Constitution, but any concrete implementation of an agreement should be made through public opinion. The following contribution presents the writer's opinion in order to reach consensus on these ethical standards. We expect the researchers to become more active in thorough research, and communication and discussion between the interested parties in the current era where science innovation for public opinion is needed more.

디지털 시민되기 교육으로서의 인터넷윤리 교육

조정문,박시현 한국인터넷윤리학회 2018 The Digital Ethics(디지털 윤리) Vol.2 No.1

Adverse effects of online communications, such as online harassment/bullying, adolescents’ expose to illegal or inappropriate contents, physical or psychological damage caused by the overuse of social network services and online games, and monetary or reputation’s damages caused by the improper handling of personal information are so severe that Internet ethics education has been provided by Korean government. While Internet ethics education has played substantial role in preventing the adverse effects of online communication, its current principle and method requires restructuring for the improving the efficiency of Internet ethics education. Stages of Internet ethics education has been classified as the following: prohibition/recommendation focused 1st stage, virtue focused 2nd stage, function focused 3rd stage, capacity focused 4th stage, and understanding of digital media is suggested as unique characteristics of Internet ethics education. Various organizations has already provided digital citizenship education as a means of Internet ethics education. Korea Communications Commissions and National Information Society Agency’s ‘Digital Citizenship Education’, Singapore Government’s ‘Cyber-wellness Education’, Common Sense Media’s ‘Digital Citizenship Education’, DQ Institute’s ‘Digital Intelligence Quotient Education’ and Kakao Foundation’s ‘Good Digital World Education’ are the cases of digital citizenship education. Based on the benchmarking of digital citizenship education, it is suggested to set the goal of Internet ethics education as ‘Nurturing the virtue and capacity needed to conduct online communication not only without harming myself and others but also benefiting myself and others’. Furthermore, followings are suggested as principles to be applied in conducting Internet ethics education: understanding of characteristics of digital media rather than morals and conscience, training of skills for proper online communication, restoration of good peer relationship, building of supportive culture for proper online communication rather than discipline and drilling, use of online communication as a means to solve ones personal problems, and nurturing the positive use of online communication rather than preventing negative use. In addition, suggestions for legal and institutional recommendation for conducting Internet ethics education as digital citizenship education are also provided.

예비교사들의 개인 교육용 자료 제작 및 사용과정에서의 외부 자료 활용에 대한 교육용 저작권 인식 실태 조사

임혜원,권경윤,김민수,주민호 한국인터넷윤리학회 2019 The Digital Ethics(디지털 윤리) Vol.3 No.2

As technology advances, various educational media have been developed. And teachers are frequently infringing copyrights in the process of creating and utilizing educational materials. In this study, we measured the status of copyright recognition among 73 prospective teachers by dividing it into general and educational copyrights. The analysis shows that there is a lack of awareness of educational copyrights than general copyrights, especially in terms of utilizing educational copyright knowledge. This suggests that prospective teachers need to be provided copyright education.

정치 정보 수용 과정에서 발생하는 정보편향성 원인 분석과 이를 보완하기 위한 연구: 20대를 중심으로

신유진 한국인터넷윤리학회 2019 The Digital Ethics(디지털 윤리) Vol.3 No.2

With the rapid development of digital society, the field of communication and information sharing has been revitalized through various digital tools, thereby making progress the way individuals acquire information. However, the problem of information bias arises in the process of an individual's selective acceptance of information, increasing concerns about bias and social polarization. To alleviate these problems, this paper attempts to divide the process of accepting political information into three stages and analyze the process of accepting information selectively at each stage to explore ways to offset the problem of accepting biased information. The survey will investigate the process of individuals accepting information and analyze the results to determine the causes of information bias. Since it is difficult to solve an individual's biased process of accepting political information simply by technical means, the process will be conducted on adults in their 20s who are more likely than not to have a strong political orientation yet. It is also conducted to explore ways to mitigate the information bias based on the causes of it.

1인 미디어의 규범과 윤리 ․ 문화에 관한 헌법적 접근

김정민 한국인터넷윤리학회 2018 The Digital Ethics(디지털 윤리) Vol.2 No.2

In recent years, the development of high-level Internet and science and technology has strengthened the accessibility and propagation of all information from politics, society, culture and arts. In other words, if the role of collecting, processing, and reproducing information is performed only by a classically privileged "specific authority - such as a broadcasting station or a newspaper company", it is now assumed that an individual plays the role of providing information, . On the other hand, the development of the one-person media is a democratic role as a forum where everyone can participate in discussions and conversations by providing information through words, pictures, videos, sounds, etc., However, this advantage does not mean that the freedom of expression is not infinite, especially in the case of one-person media on the Internet. The side effects of single media are also a big issue in society. The problems and the countermeasures are discussed in the constitution.