온라인 소셜 미디어와 참여적 사회 자본

금희조(Heejo Keum) 한국방송학회 2010 한국방송학보 Vol.24 No.3

블로그, 마이크로블로그, 사회적 네트워크 사이트(SNS) 등 온라인 소셜 미디어에 대한 사회적 관심이 높고 우리들의 공동체 네트워크과 커뮤니케이션에의 영향력이 커짐에도 불구하고 그 사회적 파급효과에 대한 이론적 정교화가 아직 시작단계에 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 소셜 미디어를 가장 적극적으로 활용하는 집단인 대학생들을 대상으로 설문을 실시해, 그들의 친교활동, 시민 참여, 사회 운동 등 참여적 사회 자본 촉진에 어떻게 영향을 미치고 있는지 탐구했다. 지금까지 인터넷의 영향력에 대한 낙관론과 비관론이 대립하며 학자들의 논쟁이 이어져 왔지만, 현재의 소셜 미디어는 그네트워크의 특성과 이용형태가 다르기 때문에 기존의 이론적 틀을 적용하기 힘들다. 따라서 본 연구는 소셜 미디어 이용량뿐 아니라 사회 자본 형성에 있어 차별적 영향을 미치는 네트워크의 연결적, 결속적 속성을 탐구했다. 소셜 미디어 이용 형태와 사회 자본이 다른 양상을 보이는 한국과 미국의 대학생에 대한 비교 분석을 통해 사회문화적 차이를 고려한 모델 정립을 시도했다. 분석 결과, 한국 대학생은 미국대학생에 비해 상대적으로 친교활동보다는 시민 참여, 사회 운동과 같은 공동체를 위한 참여에 적극적인 것으로 나타났다. 소셜 미디어의 영향력에 있어서는 예상과 다르게 한국의 경우 연계적 네트워크가, 미국은 결속적 네트워크가 참여적 사회 자본 형성에 더 많은 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. Despite the growth of social media, few theory-based studies have assessed its effects on social capital. To study the effects of social media on socializing and civic participation, the total time spent on social media and bridging and bonding network perception were explored. By comparing Korean and American college students, this study tried to suggest a global theoretical model that explains the mechanisms behind the relationships between social media and participation. Results show that social media use generally promotes participatory social capital. In particular, bridging network was positively related to civic participation and social movements while boding network leaded to casual socializing. Surprisingly, Korean college students displayed higher levels of bridging network and civic participation. In contrast, American students were found to participate in civic or social activities through bonding networks.

스마트폰, 커뮤니케이션 격차, 그리고 정치 참여

금희조(Heejo Keum),조재호(Jaeho Cho) 한국언론학회 2010 한국언론학보 Vol.54 No.5

Despite the growth of smartphone users and social media, few theory-based studies have assessed its effects on political processes. To study the effects of smartphone and social media on political participation, this paper has explored the digital gap and the communication effects gap due to smartphone use. Smartphone users were found to be male, younger, more educated, and affluent. Furthermore, smartphone users were more likely to engage in traditional news media use, informational internet use, and political communication via social media such as blogs. The communication gap, leaded by smartphone use, generally produces participation gap. Applying the Knowledge Gap hypothesis and the concept of digital divide, this paper tried to explain how and why smartphone in combination with social media can change political culture. In particular, smartphone use was found to play moderating roles in the effects of online social media on political participation. Future studies need to investigate how to solve the communication and participation gap problems that stem from smartphone and social media use.

뉴미디어 환경이 개인의 사회정치참여에 미치는 영향

금희조(Heejo Keum) 한국언론학회 2009 한국언론학보 Vol.53 No.4

This study explores the effects of new media/multi channel environments (such as Cable/Satellite TV, Internet, Wireless Lan, etc.) on individuals’ political and civic participation. Despite a lengthy history of debate surrounding the relationships between new media and political/civic participation, the empirical linkages among these variables at the individual level are just beginning to be investigated. Expanding on previous research, this study examines the possibility that individuals’ dispositional factors can interplay with new media environments. That is the participation gap between highly motivated individuals and low ones will increase depending on the growth of new media environments. To explore these issues, this study performs a secondary analysis of the KGSS Survey data (2007). Results show that new media environments have main effects both on political and civic participation. Additionally, it plays interactive roles with individuals’ dispositional factors only in political participation, not in civic participation.

성 스키마와 인터넷 이용의 상호작용

금희조(Heejo Keum) 한국언론학회 2008 한국언론학보 Vol.52 No.6

This study explores the role of gender stereotype/schema, and Internet in shaping individuals' attitudes toward female political candidates. Both in Korea and America, Gender Identity Theory, Gender Stereotype Effects, Gender Schema Theory have been tested with consideration of the interactive relationships between gender-related variables and Internet use. From the survey results, the effects of gender identity and stereotype were found only in US, not in Korea. Interestingly, the Gender Schema Theory was supported in both countries. In addition, it was observed that the Internet's potential ability to produce group polarization or opinion polarization in U.S. Differently, in Korea, the Internet were found to reduce the influences of gender identity, stereotype, and schema and contribute to democratic public opinion formation processes.

영화 〈화려한 휴가〉 관람이 정치태도의 변화에 미치는 영향

금희조(Heejo Keum) 한국언론학회 2008 한국언론학보 Vol.52 No.2

This study explores the influences of the movie Magnificent Vacation on the viewers' political attitudes change. Applying the O₁-S-O₂-R model, this paper attempts to understand the socioeconomic/ dispositional characteristics and the sought gratifications of the Magnificent Vacation viewers(O₁). In addition, The roles of reflective integration(O₂) were analyzed between the movie consumption and the political attitudes change. The national survey results indicated that individuals who were from Junra-do, had liberal ideology and were interested in 5.18 were more likely to view the movie. Furthermore, the motivation of interest in 5.18 and reflective integration were found to moderate the movie viewing effects in political attitudes change.

미디어를 통한 뉴스 이용과 대화가 정치 지식, 효능감, 참여에 미치는 영향

금희조(Heejo Keum),조재호(Jaeho Cho) 한국언론학회 2015 한국언론학보 Vol.59 No.3

With the developments of digital technology, the contemporary communication environment is increasingly interwoven. Given the trend of convergence in communication, it is important to assess the influence of any one form of communication while controlling for the impact of all others. In this light, we examine how news consumption and discussion through various media(newspaper, TV news, website, SNS) and communication(offline and online) channels influence political knowledge, efficacy, and participation. Our analysis of national survey data shows different patterns of influences between traditional and online forms of communication. SNS use for political information was positively associated with participation but not with either knowledge or efficacy. In contrast, newspaper use was a significant positive predictor for knowledge, efficacy, and participation. However, television news was associated with none of the political outcomes. Somewhat similarly, SNS-based discussion was positively associated with efficacy and participation but not with knowledge. Offline political discussion was a positive predictor of knowledge and efficacy but not participation. The results speak to a possibility that the pathway from SNS use to participation is different than what has been theorized with traditional news use and offline discussion. Implications for research on media use, discussion, and political engagement are discussed.

미디어 이용과 환경 이슈에 관한 시민 참여

금희조(Heejo Keum) 한국언론학회 2012 한국언론학보 Vol.56 No.4

Despite the rapid increase in citizens’ perception of environmental issues, their level of participation is not high yet. This study explored what roles media use play to promote citizens’ environmental activism. To study the effects of media in the context of environmental issues, various cognitive and emotional variables were studied. By analyzing the mediating processes of the variables, this study tried to suggest a theoretical model that explains the mechanisms behind the relationships between media use and environmental activism. Results show that media use promotes individuals’ subjective knowledge, the emotional concern, and the benefit perception in the context of environmental issues. Interestingly, subjective knowledge was found to mediate the media effects on direct participation. In contrast, the emotional concern and the benefit perception variables mediated the relationships between media use and ‘citizens’ policy support.

소셜 미디어 이용과 다문화에 대한 관용

금희조(Heejo Keum) 한국언론학회 2011 한국언론학보 Vol.55 No.4

Despite the rapid increase in interracial families in Korea, social understanding has not matured. Many scholars agree that media and communication can play positive roles to promote tolerance for different races and cultures. This study explored what roles traditional news media and online social media play in multicultural society. To study the effects of media on social tolerance, the effects of traditional news media, informational Internet use, and online social media use on individuals’s interests in multicultural families, stereotypes, and tolerance. By comparing the bonding and bridging networks in social media, this study tried to suggest a theoretical model that explains the mechanisms behind the relationships between social media and tolerance. Results show that traditional news media and informational Internet use play limited roles to promote individuals’ interests and tolerance. Social media use were generally found not to help racial and cultural tolerance. In contrast to bonding networks, only the bridging characteristic of networks in social media was positively related to tolerance. The findings can be expanded to the context of general political tolerance. Social media environments in Korea seem to create sectarian community (Salem with witches), not civic community.

전통적 성 고정관념과 여성 정치인에 대한 평가

금희조(Heejo Keum),김영경(Young-Kyung Kim) 한국방송학회 2008 한국방송학보 Vol.22 No.1

텔레비전 오락 프로그램 시청이 등장인물과의 사회적 비교와 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향

금희조(Heejo Keum) 한국방송학회 2007 한국방송학보 Vol.21 No.2