신체억제대 적용과 관련된 치료보조기구의 우발적 자가제거 발생에 대한 체계적 문헌고찰

정수경,정은영 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2016 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.6 No.11

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to synthesize and figure out the relationship between using physical restraint and accidental self-removal of medical devices. Methods : Electronic databases were searched, including KmBase, KoreaMed. riss4u, PubMed, Cochrane, MEDLINE, Psychoinfo and CINAHL. The search terms included physical restraint, self-removal, accidental removal, unplanned removal, therapy disruption or treatment interference. Only papers published in Korean and English were included. Results : 4 studies were finally included from 881 references screened. 2 studies came from Korea, and the other studies are from USA and Norway respectively. All studies were non-experimental studies. There was no association between rates of device removal with physical restraints rates. Conclusions : The use of physical restraints should be discussed within a wider perspective in social agenda and the nursing managers have to consider other ways to reduce use of physical restraints. 본 연구는 신체억제대의 적용여부에 따라 환자가 치료보조기구의 우발적/자발적 제거 빈도에 차이가 있는지 여부에 대하여 체계적 문헌고찰을 시행하였다. KmBase, KoreaMed. riss4u, PubMed, Cochrane, MEDLINE 등 국내외 총 8개의 데이터베이스를 검색하였으며 검색 주제어는 ‘physical restraint/restraint’, ‘device removal, therapy disruption, treatment interference, self removal, accidental removal, patient initiated removal, unwilling removal, unplanned removal’, 등이었으며 데이터베이스별로 연산자 활용이 가능한 경우 ‘physical restraint’ AND device removal’의 검색식을 사용하여 검색하였으고 언어는 영어와 한국어로 발표된 연구로 제한하였다. 검색 결과, 총 881개의 문헌이 검색되었고 제목, 초록 및 전문검토 후 877개의 일차문헌이 배제되어 최종 4개의 문헌이 분석에 포함되었다. 4개의 일차연구 연구유형이 모두 상이하여 양적 통합은 부적합하였으며 기술통합을 시도하였다. 분석 결과 신체억제대를 적용하였다고 하여 환자에 의한 우발적 치료보조기구 제거 빈도가 낮아지지 않음을 알 수 있었다.

두개 악안면 수술 후 플레이트 제거에 관한 후향적 연구

박대균,유상철,박승하,구상환 대한성형외과학회 2007 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.34 No.2

Purpose: Plate systems have been used for osteosynthesis of cranial and oromaxillofacial fracture. However, there is no consensus on the need for routine removal of plate and the question about indications of removal. Therefore, we present the retrospective study to clarify the indications and consensus of removal.Methods: The medical records of patients who were treated with rigid internal fixation using plates after craniofacial trauma were reviewed. Study variables included age, gender, type of fracture, type of plate, seniority of the operator, causes of removal, and time between insertion and removal. All results amendable to statistics were analyzed using SPSS 10.0 to determine which set of variables might affect the fate of the plates.Results: For a period of 10 years (March 1, 1994 through July 31, 2004), total of 41 plates(6.7%) were removed among 609 plates inserted into 419 patients; 27 plates were removed from 15 patients for infection, which is the most common cause of removal accounting for 65.8%. Mean time between insertion and removal is 35.2 months and mean age is 41.4 years. Most plates were removed from combined fracture(14.92%) and facial fracture(8.47%) and these were statistically significant. The age, gender, seniority of the operator and other variables were not statistically associated with plate removal.Conclusion: This retrospective study shows that routine removal does not appear to be clinically indicated due to respectively low removal rate and that the commonest indications for removal were infection.

석면 해체,제거 작업에서 사용되는 장비의 성능 기준에 관한 고찰

이나루 ( Na Roo Lee ) 한국산업위생학회 2013 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Objectives: Asbestos fibers are accumulated in negative pressure unit(NPU) or vacuum cleaner in asbestos removal. Failure of operation or poor use performance of the NPU or vacuum cleaner causes asbestos fibers to spread in the air. Asbestos contractors should have an NPU fitted with a HEPA , vacuum cleaner, decontamination area, respirators, wetting equipment, and differential pressure manometer to register with the Ministry of Employment and Labor. There should be performance criteria of equipment used in asbestos removal. But there are none such criteria used in asbestos removal. This study was performed to investigate international or national performance criteria of equipment used in asbestos removal. Methods: Regulations, approved code of practice, guidance and national standards of the UK, USA and Korea were reviewed. A survey was done to investigate the requirements for equipment used in asbestos removal in Korea. Results: Air flow of NPUs used in Korea usually covers from 500 ㎥/h to over 3000 ㎥/h. Some requirements for NPUs used in Korea were missing compared to the requirements of British standards for NPUs. All NPUs have different missing requirements. The UK also has separate British standard for leak tests for NPUs. Highly hazardous class vacuum cleaners should be used in asbestos removal in the UK. It has national standards on the operation of vacuum cleaners used in asbestos removal. There is only a certification system for less than 2.5kw rated voltage vacuum cleaners for home use in Korea. Powered(-assisted) respirators with mask are recommended in asbestos removal. Type 5 coveralls should be used in asbestos removal in the UK. There are international standards for requirements and leak tests of type 5 coveralls. A manometer for measuring differential pressure is needed in asbestos removal. The manometer`s measuring range should cover less than ±125 Pa and the gradation of manometer should be less than 2.5 Pa. The definition of decontamination area should be corrected. Installation of airlock and minimum area should be considered in decontamination area. Conclusions: Equipment should be used in asbestos removal proper performance and no leaks. There should be a certification system for equipment used in asbestos removal. This study can help to a certification system for equipment used in asbestos removal in Korea.

소프트콘택트렌즈 단백질제거제의 효능 평가법 분석

변현영(Hyun Young Byun),성형경(Hyung Gyeong Sung),원혜림(Hye Lim Won),심지인(Ji In Shim),박미정(Mi Jung Park),김소라(So Ra Kim) 한국안광학회 2014 한국안광학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Purpose:The present study was conducted to establish the experimental condition for the proper evaluation of protein removal efficacy when developing protein removal agents. Its protein removal efficacy was further analyzed and compared with the result from protein removal efficacy against protein deposition on contact lens to suggest the evaluation method for efficacy of protein removal agents. Methods: Protein digestibility assay presented in the Korean pharmacopoeia was selected to establish the evaluation method for efficacy of papain, pancreatin, subtilisin A and protease itself as a ingredient and protein removal tablets or solution containing those enzymes and find a suitable test conditions. Furthermore, the cleaning efficacy of commercially available protein removal tablets and solution on balafilcon A lens deposited with protein artificially was measured and the correlation between two evaluation methods was further analyzed. Results: When pancreatin itself and the product containing pancreatin was evaluated by protein digestibility assay, both reached 28 IU/mg, the standard value of protein digestibility suggested by the Korean pharmacopoeia. In case of protease and subtilisin A tested with trichloroacetic acid B solution, both of them met the enzyme activity level proposed by the manufacturers when they were evaluated by protein digestibility assay however, papain and subtilisin A tested with trichloroacetic acid A solution were not reached the enzyme activity level. Among protein removal agents, three products except a product containing pancreatin did not meet the enzyme activity value specified by the manufacturer when they were evaluated by protein digestibility assay. However, actual protein removal efficacy of three products except a papain-containing product on the lens was greater than 90% protein removal. In the case of papain-containing protein removal product, its effect was not measured by protein digestibility assay however, its actual protein removal efficacy on the lens reached 73.72%. Conclusions: From the results, it was confirmed that the efficacy of protein removal agents for contact lens should be evaluated by different method according to the type of proteolytic enzyme contained. That is, the protein removal agents containing pancreatin, protease and subtilisin A can be evaluated by protein digestibility assay and protein removal efficiency evaluation and the products containing papain can be effectively evaluated by only the evaluation method for protein removal efficiency employing the lens.

Optimization for Phosphorus Remove by Loess Ball Using Chromobacterium

최두복,이춘범,차월석,Choi Du Bok,Lee Choon-Boem,Cha Wol-Suk Korean Society of Life Science 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.4

담체인 황토볼와 Chromobacterium WS 2-14을 이용하여 F-STEP공정(혐기${\rightarrow}$ 호기${\rightarrow}$ 무산소)에서 실제폐수에 존재하는 인산을 효율적으로 제거하기 위해 최적 황토볼 크기 및 소성 온도, 폐수의 초기 pH,폐수의 초기 인산염 농도, 운전온도, 그리고 통기를 검토했다. 최적 조건은 다음과 같다. 황토볼 크기 및 소성 온도, $2\~4mm,\;960^{\circ}C$; 실페수의 초기pH, 6.0; 실페수의 초기 인산 농도, 5.0mg/1. 운전온도, $30^{\circ}C$; 그리고 통기, 5.0L/min등이 얻어졌다. 그리고 최적 운전조건을 이용해서 pilot test을 65일 동안 진행했다. 인산 평균 제거율은 $92.0\%$였고. 또한 최종 유출수에서 COD와 BOD의 평균 제거율은 각각 77.1와 $74.2\%$였으며, SS의 경우는 평균 제거율이, $86.4\%$였다. 이상의 결과로부터 황토볼을 담체로 이용한 Biofilter System은 실제폐수에 존재하는 인산 제거 가능성을 암시했다. To investigate factors affecting the removal of phosphorus from the practical wastewater in the F-STEP PROCESS using a loess ball and Chromobacterium WS 2-14, first, the loess ball size and calcining temperature, initial pH, initial phosphorus concentration, working temperature, and aeration were studied. A $2\~4mm$ of loess ball made at $960^{\circ}C$ of calcining temperature was the most suitable one for the removal of phosphorus. When the initial pH was increased from 3.0 to 6.0, the removal efficiency of phosphorus was increased. Especially, at 6.0 of initial pH, the maximum removal efficiency of phosphorus was $88.7\%$. The maximum removal efficiency of phosphorous was gained, 1.8mg/h when the initial concentration of phosphorous was 5.0mg/1. When the operating temperature was $30^{\circ}C$, the maximum removal efficiency of phosphorus was obtained. In the case of aeration, when it was increased from 0.5 to 5.0L/min, the removal efficiency of phosphorus was increased. On the other hand, above 7.0 L/min, the removal efficiency of phosphorus did not increased. Using the optimum operation conditions, pilot tests for the effective removal efficiency of phosphorus were carried out for 65 days. The average removal efficiency of phosphorus was $92.0\%$. The average removal efficiency of COD, BOD, and SS were 77.1, 74.2, and $86.4\%$, respectively. from the results, it can be concluded that F-STEP PROCESS using loess ball might be useful process for phosphorus removal.

Polyp Removal of a Bloom Forming Jellyfish, Aurelia coerulea, in Korean Waters and Its Value Evaluation

윤원득,채진호,고병설,한창훈 한국해양과학기술원 2018 Ocean science journal Vol.53 No.3

Aurelia coerulea is a bloom forming jellyfish that first appeared before 1980 in the western and southern Korean seas and which has been blamed for huge economical losses in all fields of marine activities. As a preventive measure to reduce economical losses, polyp removal was undertaken at Lake Shihwa, Lake Saemangeum, and Masan Bay, Korea. In the course of efforts during 2 years to remove polyps, polyps were surveyed, quantified, and removed. In these areas, the initial total polyp abundance was 5.04 × 109 and 46.25% of them were removed; Lake Shihwa the highest rates of removal and Lake Saemangeum the lowest. These efforts to remove polyps prevented the appearance of 1.20 × 109 medusae, corresponding to 78.28 × 106 kg. The cost of polyp removal was evaluated and compared with that of medusae removal. The ratio between the cost of polyp removal and that of medusae removal ranged between 0.78–3.14%, indicating large cost savings for polyp removal undertakings. However, the effect of polyp removal varied from positive to none, and we assumed that the cleared surface for polyp removal, quantity of removed polyp, and existence of polyps’ hotspots in neighboring areas were the causes of the non-effectiveness of polyp removal undertakings.

Simultaneous NO/SO2 removal by coconut shell char/CaO from calcium looping in a fluidized bed reactor

Boyu Li,Yingjie Li,Wan Zhang,Yuqi Qian,Zeyan Wang 한국화학공학회 2020 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.37 No.4

A simultaneous NOx/SO2 removal system using bio-char and CaO combined with calcium looping process for CO2 capture was proposed. The simultaneous NO/SO2 removal performance of coconut shell char/CaO experienced CO2 capture cycles was investigated in a fluidized bed reactor. The effects of reaction temperature, mass ratio of CaO to coconut shell coke, CaO particle size and number of CO2 capture cycles from calcium looping process were discussed. The NO removal efficiency of char is improved under the catalysis of CaO. The reaction temperature plays an important role in the simultaneous NO/SO2 removal. Coconut shell char/CaO achieve the highest NO and SO2 removal efficiencies at 825 oC, which are 98% and 100%, respectively. The mass ratio of CaO to coconut shell char of 60 : 100 is a good choice for the simultaneous NO/SO2 removal. Smaller CaO particle size contributes to higher NO and SO2 removal efficiencies of coconut shell char/CaO. The NO and SO2 removal efficiencies of coconut shell char and cycled CaO from calcium looping declined slightly with the number of CO2 capture cycles. In addition, the Ca-based materials balance in process of simultaneous NOx/SO2 removal combined with calcium looping is given. The novel simultaneous NO/SO2 removal method using bio-char and cycled CaO from calcium looping process appears promising.

두개인두종의 소아와 성인에서의 임상적 특성 및 수술적 치료결과

이선호,민경수,왕규창,정희원,김현집,조병규,최길수,한대희 대한신경외과학회 1991 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.20 No.4

The records of 59 patients with craniopharyngioma treated at the Department of Neurosurgery. SNUH, from Jan. 1981 to May 1990 were reviewed in order to compare the characteristics of the tumor in children and adults in view of clinical features, radiological findings, surgical results and follow-up outcome. This study was also done to evaluate the outcome and recurrence rate according to the extent of surgical removal between the two groups. Of the 59 patients, 22 patients were under the age of 15 and 37 patients were adults. In the child group the most frequent presenting symptoms were IICP symptoms(63.6%) followed by visual disturbance(27.3%) whereas visual disturbance(51.4%)were more often than IICP symptoms(24.3%) in the adult group. In the radiologic findings calcification(95.5%) and cystic change(95.5%) were more common in the children than the adults. In the adults calcification showed in 59.5% of patients and cystic change showed in 86.5% of patients. Hydrocephalus was noticed in 63.6% of the children whereas 16.2% of the adults showed hydrocephalus on the CT scan. Twenty-five operations were undertaken for 22 children and 39 surgical procedures were performed for 37 adults. Most of the surgical procedures were carried out by the pterional or subfrontal approach or a combined approach. Eighteen child patients and 12 adult patients underwent total removal and 3 child patients and 14 adult patients underwent subtotal removal. Surgical results were good in 33 adult patients and in 21 child patients. One patient died postoperatively after partial removal due to pulmonary embolism. The mean follow up period was 27.0 months in children and 22.6 months in adults. Clinical recurrence study with the subtotal and partial removal group revealed that recurrence happened more often and in a shorter period of time in children. Presumed factors influencing the total removal of tumor such as age, symptom duration, cysic portion, calcification, size and location of mass were analyzed. The total removal of the tumor is the best method of treatment however, the recurrence rate in cases of subtotal removal, the possibility of total removal and the morbidity accompanying total removal, were also considered in planning the surgical treatiment.

Early fragment removal on in vitro fertilization day 2 significantly improves the subsequent development and clinical outcomes of fragmented human embryos

Kim, Seok-Gi,Kim, Youn-Young,Park, Ji-Young,Kwak, Su-Jin,Yoo, Chang-Seok,Park, Il-Hae,Sun, Hong-Gil,Kim, Jae-Won,Lee, Kyeong-Ho,Park, Hum-Dai,Chi, Hee-Jun The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2018 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.45 No.3

Objective: To determine whether fragment removal on in vitro fertilization (IVF) day 2 improved the subsequent development and pregnancy outcomes of fragmented embryos compared to similar-grade embryos without fragment removal. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis involving 191 IVF cycles in which all embryos had over 10% fragmentation (grade 3 or 4) on day 2 of the IVF-embryo transfer cycle from March 2015 to December 2017. IVF cycles were divided into the fragment removal group (n = 87) and the no fragment removal group (n = 104) as a control cohort. Before fragment removal, embryos with fragmentation on day 2 were incubated in $Ca^{2+}$- and $Mg^{2+}$-free biopsy medium under paraffin oil for 30 minutes. Microsurgical fragment removal was performed with later-assisted hatching and a handmade suction micropipette that had an outer diameter of $30{\mu}m$. Results: There were no significant differences in the characteristics of the patients between the control and the fragment removal groups. After fragment removal and subsequent in vitro culture for 24 hours, the number of blastomeres ($7.1{\pm}1.7$ vs. $6.9{\pm}1.6$) was comparable between the transferred embryos in the two groups, but the morphological grade of the embryos in the fragment removal group ($1.9{\pm}0.7$) was significantly higher than that of the control group ($3.1{\pm}0.5$, p< 0.01). The clinical pregnancy (43.7%) and implantation rates (25.8%) in the fragment removal group were significantly higher than those in the control group (28.8% and 14.0%, respectively; p< 0.05). Conclusion: Early fragment removal on day 2 significantly improved the subsequent development and pregnancy outcomes of fragmented embryos.

Exploring the complex removal behavior of natural organic matter upon N-doped reduced graphene oxide-activated persulfate via excitation-emission matrix combined with parallel factor analysis and size exclusion chromatography

Maqbool, Tahir,Bae, Sungjun,Hur, Jin Elsevier 2018 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.347 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Metal-free oxidative degradation by persulfate (PS) is an emerging process as green chemistry without any toxic metal leaching to aquatic environments but has never been explored for natural organic matter (NOM) removal to date. In this study, nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (NrGO) was applied as a catalyst first to investigate the degradation behavior of NOM. A parallel system was also examined without PS for non-oxidative interaction. For three tested NOM, the extent of the removal increased with the addition of NrGO, and the removal rates were consistently higher for the systems with versus without PS (by 25–102%). Specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) exhibited declining trends with NrGO for both oxidative and non-oxidative systems. Up to 86.9%, 59.9%, and 60.3% reduction in SUVA values were found for the oxidative removal of Suwannee River natural organic matter, Suwannee River humic acid, and Suwannee River fulvic acid, respectively. The excitation-emission matrix combined with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) decomposed fluorescent NOM into two fulvic-like (C1 and C2) and two humic-like (C3 and C4) components. Results implied that more hydrophobic and more condensed aromatic NOM constituents might be preferably removed by both oxidation and adsorption with the greater removal tendency shown for the humic versus the fulvic-like components. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) demonstrated that large size molecules were more effectively removed by the oxidative versus the non-oxidative interactions with NrGO. Comparative results revealed that adsorption likely played a critical role in determining the preferential removal tendency of the metal-free oxidation toward heterogeneous NOM structures.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This study first explored metal-free oxidation of NOM. </LI> <LI> NrGO-driven PS activation effectively removed NOM via adsorption and oxidation. </LI> <LI> Preferential removal of aromatic and large size NOM molecules was found. </LI> <LI> Adsorption plays a critical role in NOM removal via a non-radical pathway. </LI> <LI> Humic-like fluorescence can be a good surrogate for tracking NOM removal. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>