Sugar production from raw seaweed using the enzyme method

최두복,Heung Sun Sim,Yu Lan Piao,Wu Ying,조훈 한국공업화학회 2009 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.15 No.1

For effective saccharification from raw seaweed using the enzyme method, various environmental factors affecting the apparent viscosity were investigated. When 0.75% of ascorbic acid was used, the apparent viscosity decreased from 500 to 125 cP after 1 h of sterilization, and did not decrease after 2 h of sterilization. In the case of the raw seaweed without the addition of ascorbic acid, it did not decrease significantly. However, when HCl was used, it decreased from 480 to 389 cP after 1 h of sterilization, after which it did not decrease. The apparent viscosity of raw seaweed was strongly affected by the ascorbic acid concentration. For instance, when 1.0% ascorbic acid was used, the apparent viscosity was 92 cP. On the other hand, no further decrease in apparent viscosity occurred upon increasing the concentration above 1.5%. A scale up of the saccharification of raw seaweed using the new enzymemethod was carried out. When the new enzymemethod was used for the saccharification, 8.8 g/l of sugar was obtained after 6 h of reaction, which was about four times higher than that obtained without the addition of the ascorbic acid and liquozyme. In particular, the sugar production rate was 1.6 g/l/h, which was about 33 times higher than that of the saccharification using Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. A fed-batch experiment for the saccharification was also carried out, where the sugar concentration reached 27.2 g/l after 16 h of reaction.

Tylosin Production by Mutant Resistant to Oleic Acid

최두복,문옥란,윤미란,지성남,신대윤,Choi, Du-Bok,Choi, On-You,Moon, Ok-Ran,Yoon, Mi-Ran,Ji, Sung-Nam,Shin, Dae-Yewn Korean Society of Environmental Health 2005 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.31 No.5

Streptomyces fradiae로부터 Tylosin을 효율적으로 생산하기 위해 지방산 내성균주을 분리 했다. 여러 지방산중에서 oleic acid 1.6 g/l 이상이 첨가될 때 세포 성장이 완전히 저해 되었다. 그러나 oleic arid 1.2 g/l에서 얻어진 TM-224-1 균주는 최대 균체농도와 tylosin 생산이 얻어졌다. 또한 oleic acid 소비속도는 parent strain 비해 3.8배 증가했다. Oleic acid 내성균주, TM-224-1 균주와 parent strain을 이용해서 jar fermentor에서 균체농도, tylosin 생산, 그리고 rapeseed oil 소비를 표준조건하에 5일동안 비교하였다. TM-224-1 균주을 이용할 경우 균체 농도는 초기에 parent strain비해 증가했으나 배양중반부터는 감소하기 시작했다. rapeseed oil 소비의 경우는 거의 비슷했다. 그러나 Tylosin 생산 수율은 parent strain 비해 약 3.2배 증가했다. When rapeseed oil as the carbon source was used for tylosin production from Streptomyces fradiae TP-1239 was very sensitive to oleic acid. Cell growth was restrained by adding 0.8 g/l of oleic acid to the culture broth. Mutant strain TM-224-1 resistant to 1.2 g/l of oleic acid was obtained by screening in solid and liquid media containing oleic acid. The uptake rate of oleic acid by TM-224-1 was approximately 3.8 fold higher than the parent strain. For comparing the TM-224-1 and the parent strain, batch cultures were carried out in a jar fermentor. Cell growth of TM-224-1 strain was higher than the parent strain after two days of culturing. However, after four days of culturing, it was similar to that of the parent strain. The amount of rapeseed oil consumed by TM-224-1 and the parent strain were 60.5 and 78.2 g/l, respectively. The production and yield of tylosin was aproximately 2.0 and 3.2 fold higher than the parent strain, respectively. From these results, it was concluded that this mutant, which was resistant to oleic acid, has improved tylosin production.

Effect of Triton X-100 on Compactin Production from Penicillium citrinum

최두복,차월석,류성렬,조기안 한국생물공학회 2004 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.9 No.3

Glucose alone was found to be the most effective carbon source for producing compactin. An initial glucose concentration of 40 g/L gave the highest compactin concentration of 250 mg/L. Among the various nitrogen sources, when 5 g/L of pharmamedia and soybean meal as the sole nitrogen source were used, respectively, the compactin concentration was higher than 250 mg/L. Especially, in the case of the mixture of 6 g/L of pharmamedia and 8 g/L of soybean meal, the compactin concentration was 400 mg/L. To select the best surfactant for effective compactin production, various surfactants were investigated. When Triton X-100 was used, the maximum compactin concentration was 445 mg/L. With the initial concentration ranging from 1.5 to 2.0 g/L, the compactin concentration was the highest at 465-450 mg/L. The cell concentration was similar to that of the control without the addition of Triton X-100. On the other hand, when the above 4.0 g/L of Triton X-100 were used, the cell concentration decreased. Using the based results, the continuous fed-batch cultures by adding the Triton X-100 were carried out for 10 days in an air-lift bioreactor. When 1.5 g/L of Triton X-100 was added to the culture broth at 0, 4, and 8 days of culture, respectively, the compactin production was increased with the increase of culture time. The maximum compactin concentration after 10 days of culture was 1,200 mg/L, which was about 2.0-fold higher than that of the control without the addition of Triton X-100.

Effect of bamboo oil on antioxidative activity and nitrite scavenging activity

최두복,Ki-An Cho,Myung-Sun Na,Hyun-Suk Choi,김연옥,Dong-Hoon Lim,조승주,조훈 한국공업화학회 2008 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.14 No.6

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of the bamboo oil on antioxidative activity and nitrite scavenging activity in vitro and in vivo. When the bamboo oil concentration was increased from10 to 90 mL/mL, the DPPH scavenging rate increased from15.6 to 98.2%. However, at bamboo oil concentrations above 110 mL/mL, it was not increased. The superoxide anion radical scavenging rate increased from54.8 to 89.1% when the bamboo oil concentration increased from 110 to 150 mL/mL. When the bamboo oil was incubated for 20 h, the linoleic acid scavenging rate was approximately 91.2%, similar to that of ascorbic acid. The glutathione production using bamboo oil in vivo was 59.0 mM/g of liver, which was about 6.5-fold higher than that of the control. In the case of the activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase, they were 16.8 U/mg of protein and 295 KU/mg of protein, respectively, approximately 5.6-fold higher and 3.0-fold higher than that of the control. The nitrite scavenging activity was increased from60.1 to 93.9% at pHof 1.2 when the saturation time was increased from2months to 8months.However, atmore than 10 months of saturation, this levelwas not increased. These results suggest that the bamboo oil of Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis can be used in bioactive and functionalmaterials.

Effects of Water-soluble Tacrolimus-PEG Conjugate on Insulindependent Diabetes Mellitus and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

최두복,김복희,이명구,조훈 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.8

The effects of a water-soluble tacrolimus-PEG conjugate (KI-102) on insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and systemic lupus erythematosus were investigated. KI-102 was stable at pH 4.0-4.5 and 4^oC. The area under the concentration-time curve, the time of maximum concentration, and the maximum concentration were 43.4 ng·h/mL, 0.85 h, and 8.1 ng/mL, respectively, similar to those of FK506. Mice that administered KI-102 at 4.32 mg/kg had the plasma glucose concentrations that decreased to 7.5 mmol/L after 170 days, similar to that of mice administered FK506 at 0.6 mg/kg. There were no incidences of diabetes when KI-102 was administered at 86.4 mg/kg after 24 weeks. The group that administered 43.2 mg/kg had decreases in the concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate (60%), triglyceride (24%), and cholesterol (30%). KI-102 administered at 180 mg/kg reduced serum anti-dsDNA antibody activity by 64% compared with a control. Urinary albumin concentration in the same group decreased 81% compared with the control. These results indicate that KI-102 may be practically applicable as prodrug of FK506.

Effect of Tacrolimus Derivatives on Immunosuppression

최두복,조훈 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.4

In this study, the effects of the FK506-mPEG on immune cell activity, skin grafting rejection, and Freund's complete adjuvant arthritis were investigated. The proliferation of T cells was inhibited with increase with the FK506 and FK506-mPEG concentrations. FK506 and FK506- mPEG at concentrations between 0.01 nM and 1000 nM had very similar effects on the proliferation of the T cells. On the other hand, in the case of the proliferation of T cells by calcium ionophore A23187 (1 μM), when the FK506-mPEG concentration was increased from 0.01 to 1000 mM, the proliferation was decreased from 90.8 to 40.3%. This was 1.8-fold higher than that of paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA). The inhibitory effect of FK506-mPEG on mast cell proliferation was higher than that of FK506. When B cells were cultured for 7 days in basal medium with no pokeweed mitogen (PWM), the IgG production was 156.2 ng/mL. On the other hand, in the case of the same treatment with 0.25% of PWM, it was 876.4 ng/mL. This is about 5.6-fold higher than with no PWM. These results show that FK506-mPEG may be practically applicable as a prodrug for the immunosuppressant FK506.

Strain Improvement for High Gentamicin Production Using Micromonosporas purpurea

최두복,신대윤,Choi DuBok,Yin Pemin,Choi On You,Shin Dae-Yewn Korean Society of Environmental Health 2005 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.31 No.4

Micromonosporas purpurea로부터 효율적 gentamicin 생산을 위해 protoplast fusion와 protoplast mutagenesis 방법이 검토 되었다. $CO^{60}\;irradiation\;(2.3{\times}10^5$ units, UV 3 min) 방법에 의해서 MP3-112, MP3-141, MP3-143을 분리 했다. 특히 MP3-143균주는 최대 gentamicin생산량이 얻어졌다. 개량된 MP3-143균주를 이용해서 탄소원 소비, 균체성장, 그리고 gentamicin 생산량이 batch culture에서 비교되었다. MP3-413와 parent 균주의 glucose 소비는 배양 2일과 3일 후에 각각 완전히 이루어졌다. 그러나 균체성장과 Soybean oil 소비는 비슷한 결과 얻어졌다. Gentamicin최대 생산량은 배양 5일 후 29756 U/ml였다. 이 결과는 parent 균주에 비해 생산량이 5.6배 증가했다.

Synthesis and Algicidal Activity of New Dichlorobenzylamine Derivatives against Harmful Red Tides

최두복,Sun-Jong Yu,백승호,강윤호,Young Cheol Chang,조훈 한국생물공학회 2016 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.21 No.3

In the present study, we synthesized 65 dichlorobenzylamine derivatives and investigated their algicidal activity against harmful red tides. The 3,4- dichlorobenzylamine derivatives showed relatively high activity against Cochlodinium polykrikoides, Heterosigma akashiwo, Chattonella marina, and Heterocapsa circularisquama, and the synthesized compounds 27, 28, 33, 34, 35, and 36 showed the highest algicidal activity after 24 h at 0.1 ~ 1.0 μM LC50 against the four harmful algae species. To verify the safety of the compounds, acute ecotoxicology tests using the water flea (Daphnia magna) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) were conducted, and the tests confirmed that compounds 33 and 34 were not harmful because the target organisms showed high survival rates at 15 μM. The results indicate that compounds 33 and 34 are suitable substances for use in controlling harmful algae species.

Cellulose Production from Gluconobacter oxydans TQ-B2

최두복,차월석,Shiru Jia,KiAn Cho,Mitsuyasu Okabe,Hongyu Ou,Guibing Chen 한국생물공학회 2004 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.9 No.3

Gluconobacter oxydans that produces the cellulose was isolated. In order to confirm the chemical features of cellulose, various spectrophtometeric analysis were carried out using electron microscopy, X-ray diffractogram, and CP/MAS 13C NMR. The purified cellulose was found to be identical to that of Acetobacter xylinum. For effective production of cellulose, the various carbon and nitrogen sources, mixture of calcium and magnesium ions, and biotin concentration were investigated in flask cultures. Among the various carbon sources, glucose and sucrose were found to be best for the production of cellulose, with maximum concentration of 2.41 g/L obtained when a mixture of 10 g/L of each glucose and sucrose were used. With regard to the nitrogen sources, when 20 g/L of yeast extract was used, the maximum concentration of bacterial cellulose was reached. The concentration of cellulose was increased with mixture of 2 mM of each Ca2+ and Mg2+. The optimum biotin concentration for the production of cellulose was in the range of 15 to 20 mg/L. At higher biotin concentration (25~35 mg/L), the bacterial cellulose production was lower.

Characterization, stability, and antioxidant activity of Salicornia herbaciea seed oil

최두복,조훈,Geum-Sook Lim,Yu Lan Piao,On-You Choi,조기안,박춘배,Young Cheol Chang,Young-Il Song,이명구 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.12

We investigated the physicochemical properties, chemical composition, stability and antioxidant activityfrom seed oil of Salicornia herbaciea grown in Korea. The density, refractive index, acid value, peroxide value, iodinevalue, saponification value, and unsaponifiable matter of oil were 0.91 mg/mL, 1.48 at 20 oC, 1.89 mg KOH/g oil, 10.20mEq/kg oil, 1.08 g I/g oil, 216.21 mg KOH/g oil, and 2.60%, respectively. The major fatty acids were linoleic acid(43.73%), oleic acid (19.81%), arachidic acid (13.52%), and palmitic acid (11.84%), respectively. The oil containedhigh levels of α-tocopherol (249.2 mg/kg oil), followed by δ-tocopherol (89.3 mg/kg), and γ-tocopherol (75.6 mg/kgoil). The oil was found to have high levels of β-sitosterol (94.5 mg/kg oil) and stigmasterol (65.7 mg/kg oil), respectively. The total phenol, chlorophyll and β-carotene content of oil was 15.2, 94.5, and 8.2 mg/kg oil, respectively. The oil hadgood oxidative stability during 60 days of storage in a dark area at 50 oC. The maximum degradation rates of the oilwere observed at 242.3 oC (9.5%/min), 382.6 oC (5.2%/min), and 440.7 oC (1.3%/min), respectively, where the rateof the weight decrease increased to a maximum up to this point. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of the oil wasincreased from 50.2 to 71.8% when the oil concentration extracted by methanol was increased from 100 to 300 µg/mL. This study suggests that S. herbaciea seed oil has potential use in functional foods, cosmetics or pharmaceuticals.