2001년 5월과 6월 서태평양에서의 Thermosalinograph 관측

이재학,전동철,황상철,정병철,황근춘,이하웅 한국해양과학기술원 2002 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.24 No.3

We have analyzed sea surface temperature and salinity data collected in the western Pacific Ocean by using an automated Thermosalinograph (TSG) installed on the RV Onnuri during May - June of 2001. The TSG data exhibit characteristics of water masses distributed in the near surface layer of the cruise area very well. Especially, they reveal the diurnal surface temperature cycle and the effect of rainfall on temperature and salinity in the equatorial region, showing the effectiveness of the use of TSG. Problems to be improved for the better TSG operation are the method of water sampling and calibration of TSG sensors. Installation of a pressure gauge in the TSG system and periodical sensor calibration are strongly recommended to ensure reliability of data. 및 토의2001년 5-6월 한국해양연구원에서 연구선 온누리호를 이용하여 수행된 서태평양 대양항해 중 자동 기록으로 획득된 TSG 자료를 분석하고 이의 운용상 문제점 및 개선책을 제시하였다. 관측된 TSG 값은 CTD 측정값에 비하여 수온은 약 +0.3oC, 염분은 시간에 따라 약 0.06에서 +0.04 psu 편향오류를 보여주었으며, 관측오류의 요인은 취수된 해수의 TSG까지 이동시 수온 상승과 TSG 내에서의 미세한 기포로 판단된다. TSG 운용상 제기된 문제점은 TSG 센서를 통과하는 해수의 공급의 방법(즉, 통과 유속 증가에 의한 센서 통과 해수 내 기포 생성 유무)과 자료(특히, 염분) 검정 문제였다. 관측오류를 감소시키기 위하여 TSG 상태를 쉽게 판단할 수 있도록 기포감지기와 압력계의 설치가 필요하며, TSG 센서의 사전 검·교정이 이루어졌을 경우라도 TSG 자료를 검정할 수 있는 CTD 또는 염분계에 의한 현장 측정이 필수적인 것으로 나타났다.TSG 자료는 동중국해 대륙붕, 쿠로시오 통과해역, 필리핀해 및 서태평양 적도해역 표층의 해황을 잘 나타내었다. 특히, 적도해역에서 표층수온은 약 0.4-1.3oC 변화 폭의 뚜렷한 일 변화를 보여주었고 일중 최고 및 최저 수온은 현지 시간으로 14-15시 및 5-6시경으로 나타나 수온 상승 시간이 하강 시간보다 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 기상 자료와 비교 결과 구름에 의한 태양복사 차단 영향이 약 0.5oC 정도임을 시사해주었다. 적도해역에서 특징적인 염분 변화는 수 십 분에서 수 시간 지속되는 저염의 peak로 이는 열대 소나기성 강우의 영향으로 판단되며 수온도 약 0.2-0.6oC 정도로 낮아지는 영향을 주는 것으로 관측되었다.TSG 자료로부터 여러 해양물리학적 해석이 가능하였던 점은 TSG의 유용성을 나타낸 것으로 적절한 자료 처리 과정을 거치면 TSG 자료가 항해 해역 표층의 물리적인 해황 특성을 정확하게 나타낼 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 이는 또한 국내의 TSG 운용의 수준이 SOOP(2001)과 같은 선박을 이용한 해양 표층 해황의 모니터링 프로그램에 참가 할 수 있는 수준에 근접해 가고 있음을 나타낸 것이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 앞으로는 연구사업에 관련된 항해에서뿐만 아니라 모든 항해 기간 중 TSG 자료가 획득될 수 있도록 하여 유용한 자료의 누적을 도모하고 연구선 활용의 효율을 높여야 할 것이다. 아울러 TSG 자료를 전지구해양예보를 위한 자료동화에 이용될 수 있도록 위성통신 등을 이용한 준 실시간 자료 전달 체계의 구성이 바람직하다.

과학기술 ODA 사업에서의 현지 R&D센터 활용에 관한 연구 : 한국해양과학기술원과 마이크로네시아 ‘흑진주 생산연구’ 사례를 중심으로

장덕희,강길모,권문상,박흥식,김태영,임형백 한국해양과학기술원 2013 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.35 No.4

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate, through case studies, the usefulness of utilizing local R&D centers under science and technology ODA programs. For the past few decades, advanced countries have supported ODA projects of developing countries, but there have been negative opinions regarding the results. Through a case study of the black pearl cultivation project between the Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology and Micronesia, this study explains the usefulness of actively utilizing Korean R&D centers established and operational in recipient countries. Although black pearl cultivation is not an ODA project, the case study offers valuable insights as it is operated in a similar form and thus highly applicable to future projects. Based on the case study, four implications were derived to ensure the successful operations of science and technology ODA projects in the future. First, there is a need to improve relevance by making use of the technological capacities of local R&D institutes to develop projects that reflect the needs of recipient and donor countries. Second, trust must be established with local communities over the long term in order to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of project operations. Third, the proportion of science and technology ODA projects must be expanded to acquire sustainability, and more support should be granted to ODA projects involving marine resources, which are an advantage for countries of Micronesia. Lastly, the locals should be offered employment opportunities and regular training programs to allow for the actual transfer of knowledge instead of mere techniques. The implications derived in this study will prove useful in pursuing science and technology ODA projects, especially with Micronesia.

새로이 指定된 科學的 特別關心區域

蔣舜槿(Soon-Keun Chang) 한국해양과학기술원 1990 KOREAN JOURNAL of Polar Research Vol.1 No.1

극지미세조류의 유용성분 함량 및 항산화 활성

하태열,강성호,권태연,안지윤,김성란,김동수 한국해양과학기술원 2006 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.28 No.1

In this study, bioactive components such as polyohenols, flavonoids and tocopherols were determined in cultured polar microalgae (Fragilariopsis pseudonana, Chaetoceros neogracile, Stellarima microtrias, Porosiara pseudodenticular). Antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of polar microalgae was also investigated. a-Tocopherol contents of Fragilariopsis pseudonana were almost two times higher than those of Chaetoceros neogracile. The antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of Fragilariopsis pseudonana determined by ABTS assay was higher than other algae. Total polyphenol contents of methanol extracts also showed a similar trend as antioxidant activity. The protective activity against oxidative damages induced by glutamate in PC 12 cells was shown in only Chaetoceros neogracile. 본 연구에서는 Fragilariopsis pseudonana, Chaetoceros neogracile, Stellarima microtrias 3종 극지미세조류의 아미노산, tocopherol 함량을 비교하고, 메탄올 추출물로부터 총폴리페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 함량을 분석함과 동시에 항산화 활성 및 신경세포 보호능을 검토하였다. Fragilariopsis pseudonana의 a-, (b+g)-, d-tocopherol 함량이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났고, 특히 Fragilariopsis pseudonana의 a-tocopherol 함량은 Chaetoceros neogracile 보다 약 2배 정도 높은 1035mg/100g인 것으로 확인되었으나, Stellarima microtria에서는 모두 검출되지 않았다. 또한 Fragilariopsis pseudonana의 추출물은 ABTS assay에 의한 항산화 활성이 가장 높았으며 총폴리페놀 함량도 가장 높았다. 한편, 신경세포 보호활성은 Chaetoceros neogracile 추출물에서만 확인되었다.

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Two Matrices of the Bonny/New Calabar River Estuary, Niger Delta, Nigeria

M. C. Onojake,F. D. Sikoki,B. B. Babatunde,R. U. Akpiri,D. Akpuloma,O. Omokheyeke 한국해양과학기술원 2015 Ocean science journal Vol.50 No.2

The concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Na were determined in the sediment and biota of the Bonny/New Calabar River Estuary in Niger Delta, Nigeria using atomic absorption spectrophotometer A-100. The concentration of the respective metals varied between 2011 and 2012. The range of mean values are presented in mg/kg along with variations at a statistically significant level (P<0.05). In sediment, only Cr varied significantly (p<0.05) within the two years. Bioaccumulation factor (BF) indicated a more potent source of metals from sediment than biota, accumulating Zn, Fe and Ni in magnitudes 10, 6 and 5 times more, respectively. The study shows elevated levels of heavy metals in sediment and bioaccumulation in biota. Regular monitoring and comparison of results with World Health Organization maximum permissible limits should be carried out, in order not to allow the metal concentration to reach alarming levels.

국제사회 힘의 변화와 해양레짐 출현에 관한 소고 -유엔 해양법협약을 중심으로-

강량,양희철,박성욱 한국해양과학기술원 2006 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.28 No.3

As the political arguments on international power concept has gradually been deepened, the role of international regimes, defined as principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures around which nation-actors’expectations converge in a given issue-area, has also been reinforced. There are many ways of understanding about international regimes. In terms of realistic theories, international regimes are one of methods of maintaining hegemonic power order of hegemonic nation and in terms of liberalistic theories, international regimes are understood as the products of mutual inter-dependence of nations in changing international society. As a matter of fact, if we take structural causes and regime consequences into severe consideration, we can find not a few characteristics of international regimes, such as security regime, world trade and finance regime, ocean regime, environmental regime, human right regime, etc. This paper will examine the changing concept of power after World War II in three categories of hard power (military power), meta power (regime creating power), and soft power (advanced in cultural, diplomatical, and technological power). This paper will provide the evidence of why the changing power concepts will be strongly related with the emergence of international regimes. The UN convention on the law of the sea will chosen as a standard case of the ocean regime and it’s regime structure and role will also be analysed in both realistic and liberalistic theories. Futhermore, the nations’ interests involved in the UN convention on the law of the sea will be analytically classified and finally a future prospectus of the UN convention on the law of the sea as an ocean regime will be tested.

새만금 방조제 완공 이전 만경강 하구역 식물플랑크톤 군집의 주기적인 변동

김영길,박종우,장건강,이원호 한국해양과학기술원 2009 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.31 No.1

Eutrophicated water fed through Mankyeong River and Dongjin River into the new Saemankeum Lakemight seriously affect the water quality and phytoplankton community in the lake. To obtain control reference data for the later studies on environmental changes due to the construction of the Saemankeum Sea Wall, we performed a monthly investigation on the physico-chemical properties of the water and phytoplankton community at 3 stations in the Mankyeong River Estuary over 14 months starting from September 1999. Water temperature ranged from 0.3~32.9℃due to the typical seasonal variations in temperate on the coasts and salinity exhibited a wide annual range of 0.2~33.7 psu along with regular andhuge hourly variations according to tidal cycles. Inorganic nutrients were supplied from rivers to the monitoring station and the whole lake. The average concentration of total-N, 6.99 mg·l−1, was higher than the water quality for agricultural use with peak values occurring in winter. Species composition showed a seasonal succession pattern, where a high diversity was observedin summer and autumn and vice versa in winter. Hourly variations of water properties in the “Mankyeong bridge” Station were quite regular and well in accordance with the daily tidal cycles. The different degree of sea water intrusion during the flood tide at each of the 3 stations exhibited a different range and variation pattern of water temperature and salinity throughout a day. Hourly changes in species composition were in harmony with the daily tidal cycles, resulting in extremely variable spatio-temporal variation. Eutrophicated water fed through Mankyeong River and Dongjin River into the new Saemankeum Lakemight seriously affect the water quality and phytoplankton community in the lake. To obtain control reference data for the later studies on environmental changes due to the construction of the Saemankeum Sea Wall, we performed a monthly investigation on the physico-chemical properties of the water and phytoplankton community at 3 stations in the Mankyeong River Estuary over 14 months starting from September 1999. Water temperature ranged from 0.3~32.9℃due to the typical seasonal variations in temperate on the coasts and salinity exhibited a wide annual range of 0.2~33.7 psu along with regular andhuge hourly variations according to tidal cycles. Inorganic nutrients were supplied from rivers to the monitoring station and the whole lake. The average concentration of total-N, 6.99 mg·l−1, was higher than the water quality for agricultural use with peak values occurring in winter. Species composition showed a seasonal succession pattern, where a high diversity was observedin summer and autumn and vice versa in winter. Hourly variations of water properties in the “Mankyeong bridge” Station were quite regular and well in accordance with the daily tidal cycles. The different degree of sea water intrusion during the flood tide at each of the 3 stations exhibited a different range and variation pattern of water temperature and salinity throughout a day. Hourly changes in species composition were in harmony with the daily tidal cycles, resulting in extremely variable spatio-temporal variation.

서해 태안 사질 퇴적물에 서식하는 중형저서동물 군집구조 연구

백진욱,김기춘,이승한,이강현,이동주,채진호,이원철 한국해양과학기술원 2009 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.31 No.2

The community structure of meiofauna was surveyed from six stations in sand mining area near around Sungapdo, Taean five times from April-December, 2007. Ten meiofaunal taxa in total, comprising 5-9 taxa per station were recovered. Nematodes were dominant from four stations in April and from five stations in May. In June, copepods were dominant from all stations except station two, from which sarcomastigophorans were predominant. Copepods were also dominant from three stations in October and four stations in December. The mean density of meiofauna per 10 cm−2 was the highest in October (130 individuals) and lowest (68 individuals) in April. Meiofauna mean biomass per 10 cm−2 was 3.80-75.26 μgC from each station, with the monthly mean biomass being lowest in April (11.97 μg C) and highest in October (39.50 μgC). The highest biomass was recorded at station five in October (75.26 μg C). Eleven families of harpacticoid copepods occurred Ameiridae and Ectinosomatidae were the most frequent. The mean diversity index was 1.21 from all the stations, 1.22 from the sand mining stations, and 1.19 from the reference stations. The nematode:copepod (N/C) ratio was 1.57 from the sand mining stations and 1.37 from the reference stations. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis divided the community into group A (station one, non-sand mining and reference area) and groups B and C in the sand mining area. The present study reports similar numbers of taxa but lower density and biomass of meiofauna compared to previous studies in Korean waters. The variability of the diversity index and N/C ratio may indicate large fluctuation of meiofauna depending on temporal and spatial conditions of the environment in the study area.

넙치 종묘방류사업의 경제적 효과분석

서주남,김도훈,백진이 한국해양과학기술원 2010 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.32 No.4

Since 2000 fry releasing programs in Korea have significantly expanded in order to support the commercial fishing industry through recruitment enhancement of targeted species. Here we investigate the economic effectiveness of the Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) fry releasing program in Korean waters. The market survey method was used in our analyses. Results show that the B/C ratio, as an indicator of economic evaluation, is 2.56 in the East Sea region, 9.45 in the South Sea region, and 1.34 in the West Sea region, which indicates that the fry releasing program is economically feasible but the economic effectiveness varies from region to region.

2008년도 아산만 해수 중 유기인계 농약 분포

최진영,양동범,이성규,방재현,홍기훈,신경훈 한국해양과학기술원 2010 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.32 No.3

Distribution of organophosphorous pesticides (OPs) was studied from February to September 2008 in the seawater of Asan Bay, Korea. Among the 29 types of OPs detected during the study period, IBP(S-benzyl O,O- diisopropyl phosphorothioate), ranging from <1 ng/l to 377 ng/l, was the most abundant. Other commonly observed OPs concentrations in the study area included diazinon (Diethyl 2-isopropyl- 4-methyl-6-pyrimidinyl phosphorothionate; <1~307 ng/l), azinphos ethyl (3,4-Dihydro-4-oxo-3-benzotriazinylmethyl O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate; <1~1997 ng/l), malathion (1,2-Di(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl O,Odimethyl phosphordithioates; <1~3013 ng/l), demeton-O (Diethyl 2-(ethylthio)ethyl phosphorothionate;<1~2403 ng/l), and DDVP (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate; <1~283 ng/l). Seasonal distribution of OPs in seawater is dependent on the OP application period. In August, OPs concentrations were generally decreased with the increased salinity of seawater, implying progressive dilution of pesticides in the estuarine system. OPs were deposited into Asan Bay from Asan and Sabkyo Lakes as well as surrounding tributaries. Ten OPs, including diazinon, were detected in the suspended particles of Asan Bay.