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김영상(Young-Sang Kim),Thilina U. Jayawardena,Lu Yu An,제준건(Jun-Geon Je),D. P. Nagahawatta,N. M. Liyanage,전유진(You-Jin Jeon) 한국해양바이오학회 2020 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.12 No.2
A variety of shellfish species sold for human consumption are available for purchase in the domestic fish market. The microalgae families inhabit the ocean, where planktons supply the main nutritional resource for the growth of shellfish. Some phytoplanktons produce toxic compounds that are accumulated in shellfish and ultimately cause toxicity in humans. This article reports the cytotoxicity of commercially available shellfish species. Accordingly, hot water extract (HWE) and an aqueous fraction of 50% methanol extract (MEE-AF) showed no significant cytotoxicity on the two cell lines (i.e., HL-60 and Vero cell lines), but 50% methanol extract (MEE) in 3, 6 samples showed 50% cytotoxic effects on HL-60 cells, and 1, 4 samples showed 40%, 20% cytotoxic effects on Vero cells, respectively. In addition, their consequential dichloromethane fractions (MEE-DF) exhibited significant toxicities at the highest concentration (1,000 μg/ml) on HL-60 and Vero cells. Since the shellfish samples showed cytotoxicity in the dichloromethane fraction, it is possible that the dichloromethane fraction contains marine toxins. Further research will be needed to identify the toxic components from each sample.
해양 생물 유래 독소의 나노 기술 기반 신속 진단법 개발 동향
박찬영,권소연,문선희,김민우,하상도,박종필,박태정 한국식품위생안전성학회 2020 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.35 No.4
Marine organism-derived toxins have negative effects not only on human health but also in aquaculture, fisheries, and marine ecosystems. However, traditional analytical methods are insufficient in preventing this threat. In this paper, we reviewed new rapid methods of toxin detection, which have been improved by adopting diverse types of nanomaterials and technologies. Moreover, we herein describe the main strategies for toxin detection and their related sensing performance. Notably, to popularize and commercialize these newly developed technologies, simplifying the process of pre-treating real samples real samples is very important. As part of these efforts, numerous studies have reported pretreatment methods based on the antibody-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles, and some cases have applied nanoparticles to enhance the sensing performance by utilizing the intrinsic catalytic activity. Furthermore, some reports have introduced fluorescent nanoparticles, such as quantum dots, to represent the lower detection limits of conventional enzyme-based colorimetric methods and lateral flow assays. Some studies using electrochemical measurements based on aptamer-nanoparticle complexes have also been announced. In addition, as the response to new toxins generated by changes in the marine environment is still lacking, further research on diagnostic and detection is also greatly needed for these kinds of marine toxins and their derivatives.
Graphene Oxide-Mediated Fluorometric Aptasensor for Okadaic Acid Detection
권소연,박종필,박찬영,박태정 한국바이오칩학회 2022 BioChip Journal Vol.16 No.2
Okadaic acid (OA), which is one of the representative diarrhetic shellfish poisonings, is a prevalent food-poisoning toxin in the world. As OA consumption induces various digestive diseases, a strict monitoring tool for OA is highly required. In this study, we demonstrate the development of an aptamer-based fluorometric OA sensor. First, the affinity of the aptamer towards OA was confirmed through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and it was then utilized to develop the fluorometric sensor. The verified OA-specific aptamer was modified with 5-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) as a fluorophore, and graphene oxide (GO) was adopted as the quencher. By virtue of the quenching phenomena between FAM and GO, the developed sensor revealed a low detection limit of 6.35 ppb. Also, this sensor represented a high response to OA compared to other types of marine toxins, such as saxitoxin, domoic acid, and tetrodotoxin.
Novel Macrolide Actin-inhibitors Isolated from Sea Sponges
Karaki, Hideaki,Ozaki, Hiroshi The Korean Society of Toxicology Korea Environment 2001 Toxicological Research Vol.17 No.-
Several marine toxins with macrolide structure have been found to act on actin. One of these toxins is mycalolide B isolated from the genus Mycale. This compound belongs to macrolide antibiotics and consists of tris-oxazole with strong cytotoxic activity ($IC_{50}$: 10-50 nM for growth of L1210 murine leukemia cells). This compound was found to be an actin-depolymerizing agent with the mode of action distinct from that of the known actin inhibitor, cytochalasin D. Tolytoxin, a macrolide isolated from cyano-bacteria with similar chemical structure to mycalolide B, seems to have similar effect. Another macrolide compound, aplyronine A, showed the effects similar to those of mycalolide B. Although bistheonellide A, a dimeric macrolide, did not show a severing effect, it de polymerized F-actin and sequestered G-actin by forming 1 : 2 complex with G-actins. Swinholide A has a structure and effects similar to those of bistheonel-lide A. In conclusion, mycalolide B, tolytoxin, aplyronine A, bistheonellide A and swinholide A are the members of "actin de polymerizing macrolide" the mechanism of which is different from that of cytochalasin D.halasin D.
정지형,김정선,임영자,이윤정,박종희,임광식 부산대학교 신약개발연구소 1997 藥學硏究誌 Vol.31 No.2
Dinoflagellates are one of the major concerns in fisheries and public health since they are the causative organisms of the 'red tide' and are known to produce highly toxic secondary metabolites which are ultimately transferred to human through the food chain. The chemistry and pharmacology of the dinoflagellate toxins and various bioactive components are reviewed in this article.
임영창,조기웅,권학철,강성운,편정희,이미혜,황혜석,김장희,이하열,최은정,김철호 대한이비인후과학회 2010 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.3 No.4
Objectives. To determine whether a novel marine micro-organism with anticancer properties, H31, the metabolic product of Bacillus SW31, has anti-tumor effects on head and neck cancer, and potential for apoptotic-enhancing anti-cancer treatment of affected patients. Methods. The cell viability and apoptosis assays were performed. Changes in the signal pathway related to apoptosis were investigated. Then, the therapeutic effects of H31 were explored in mouse xenograft model and drug toxicity of H31was examined in zebrafish model. Results. We identified the anticancer activity of H31, a novel metabolic product of Bacillus SW31. Bacillus SW31, a new marine micro-organism, has 70% homology with Bacillus firmus and contains potent cytotoxic bioactivity in head and neck cancer cells using MTT assay. Combined with c-JUN, p53, cytochrome C, and caspase-3, H31 induced apoptosis of KB cells, a head and neck cancer cell line. In a separate in vivo model, tumor growth in C3H/HeJ syngeneic mice was suppressed by H31. In addition, in a zebrafish model used for toxicity testing, a considerable dose of H31 did not result in embryo or neurotoxicity. Conclusion. Growth inhibition and apoptosis were achieved both in vitro and in vivo in head and neck cancer cells after exposure to H31, a metabolite from the marine Bacillus species, without any significant toxicity effects even at considerable H31 dose concentrations.