망간취급 여성근로자의 망간폭로 및 건강위해에 관한 연구

임현술,김지용,정해관,정회경,Lim, Hyun-Sul,Kim, Ji-Yong,Cheong, Hae-Kwan,Cheong, Hoe-Kyung 대한예방의학회 1995 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.28 No.2

To study the health hazards and exposure status of manganese among female manganese workers, authors conducted airborne, blood and urine manganese concentration measurements, questionnaire and neurological examinations on 80 manganese-handling productive female workers(exposed group) in a manganese manufacturing facto in Pohang city and 127 productive female workers not handling manganese(control group) in other factories in the Pohang city. The results are; 1. Geometric mean concentrations of manganese in air and urine were $0.98mg/m^3\;and\;4.12{\mu}g/l$ and arithmetic mean concentration of manganese in blood was $6.94{\mu}g/dl$ in exposed group, significantly higher than those of control group(p<0.05). However, clinical and laboratory findings in exposed group were not statistically different from those of control group. 2. As age increase, positive rates of clinical symptoms also increased in the exposed group. However, in older aged group, the positive rates of symptoms and signs were statistically different from those of control group. We observed the same tendency in the positive rates of the neurological examinations. 3. There was statistically significant correlation between airborne and urine manganese concentrations(r=0.61, p<0.01) while there was no statistically significant correlation between airborne and blood manganese concentrations(r=0.29, p>0.05). The results suggest that urine manganese concentration was the best appropriate biomarker to estimate the exposure to manganese in respect to clinical symptoms and signs. In the analysis of correlation between urine and airborne manganese concentrations, it is required to adjust the present permissible exposure level(PEL) of airborne manganese.

20세 이상 일부 성인남녀의 망간 섭취상태 평가

최미경,김은영,Choi, Mi-Kyeong,Kim, Eun-Young 한국식품영양과학회 2007 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.36 No.4

본 연구에서는 우리나라 정상 성인의 일상적인 망간 섭취량과 주요 급원식품을 제시하여 망간의 영양섭취기준 마련을 위한 기초 자료로 활용하고자 20세 이상 성인남녀 354명을 대상으로 신체 계측과 24시간 회상법에 의한 식사섭취 조사를 실시한 후 망간의 섭취상태를 분석하였다. 조사대상자의 평균 연령은 남자 54.6세, 여자 53.8세이었으며, 신장, 체중 및 체질량지수는 남자 165.7cm, 67.2kg, $24.5kg/m^2$, 여자 153.7cm, 59.1kg, $24.9kg/m^2$로 남자대상자의 신장과 체중이 여자대상자보다 유의하게 높았으나(p<0.001, p<0.001) 체질량지수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 1일 평균 에너지 섭취 량은 남자 1740.9kcal, 여자 1432.6kcal이었으며, 망간섭취량은 남녀 각각 3.7mg과 3.2mg으로 남자대상자가 유의하게 높았다(p<0.001, p<0.01). 그러나 섭취 에너지 1000kcal당 망간 섭취량으로 산출한 망간 밀도는 남녀 각각 2.2mg/1000kcal와 2.3mg/1000kcal로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 남자대상자의 총 식품섭취량은 1219.1g으로 여자대상자의 1071.3g보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 전체대상자의 식품군별 망간의 섭취량과 섭취 에너지 1000kcal당 섭취량은 곡류(1.9mg, 1.3mg/1000kcal), 채소류(0.5mg, 0.3mg/1000kcal), 두류(0.4mg, 0.2mg/1000 kcal), 조미료류(0.2mg, 0.1mg/1000kcal) 순위로 높은 섭취를 보였다. 1일 망간 섭취량에 기여한 20순위 식품은 쌀, 대두, 수수, 김치 두부, 밀가루, 고춧가루, 팥, 차조, 된장, 감자, 라면, 풋고추, 국수, 메밀 냉면, 콩나물, 김, 수박, 들깨, 간장이었으며, 20가지 식품을 통해 전체 망간 섭취량의 74%를 섭취하였다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합할 때, 전체대상자의 1일 망간 섭취량은 3.4mg(2.2mg/ 1000kcal)로 충분섭취량 수준이었으며 쌀, 대두, 수수, 김치, 두부와 같은 곡류, 두류, 채소류가 망간의 주요 급원인 것으로 나타났다. This study was peformed to estimate manganese intake and the major food source of manganese in Korean adults. The 354 subjects aged over 20 years were measured anthropometrics and dietary intake using 24-hour recall method. Daily intake and the major food sources of manganese were calculated using manganese database of food composition tables in Korea, USA and Japan. The average age, height, weight and BMI were 54.6years, 165.7cm, 67.2kg and $24.5kg/m^2$ for men and 53.8 years, 153.7cm, 59.1kg and $24.9kg/m^2$ for women, respectively. The daily energy and manganese intake of men were significantly higher than those of women (1740.9 kcal vs. 1432.6 kcal; p<0.001, 3.7mg vs. 3.2mg; p<0.01). However, daily manganese intake per 1000kcal between men and women was not significantly different (2.2mg/1000kcal vs. 2.3mg/1000kcal). Daily manganese intakes from each food group were 1.9mg from cereals, 0.5mg from vegetables, 0.4mg from pulses and 0.2mg from seasonings. The 20 major food sources of dietary manganese were rice, soybean, sorghum, Kimchi, tobu, wheat flour, red pepper powder, small red bean, glutinous millet, soybean paste, potato, Ramyeon, green pepper, noodle, buckwheat Naengmyeon, soybean sprout, laver, watermelon, perilla seeds powder and soy sauce. Manganese intake from these 20 foods was 74.0% of the total dietary manganese intake. In conclusion, daily manganese intake of the subject was 3.4mg (2.2mg/1000 kcal) and met adequate intake of manganese. The mai or food sources of manganese were cereals, pulses, and vegetables such as rice, soybean, sorghum, Kimchi and tobu.

조선업 용접작업자의 공기 중 총 망간 및 입경별 망간 농도와 혈중 망간농도에 관한 연구

박종수 ( Jong Su Park ),김판기 ( Pan Gyi Kim ),정지연 ( Jee Yeon Jeong ) 한국산업보건학회 2015 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Objectives: Welding is a major task in shipbuilding yards that generates welding fumes. A significant amount of welding in shipbuilding yards is done on steel. Inevitably, manganese is present in the base metals being joined and the filler wire being used and, consequently, in the fumes to which workers are exposed. The objective of this work was to characterize manganese exposure associated with work area, total and particle size-selective mass concentration, and compare the mass concentrations obtained using a three-piece cassette sampler, size-selective impactor sampler and blood manganese concentrations. Materials: All samples were collected from the main work areas at one shipbuilding yard. We used a three piece cassette sampler and the eight stage cascade impactor sampler for the airborne manganese mass concentration of total and all size fractions, respectively. In addition, we used the results of health examination of workers sampled for airborne manganese. Results: The oder of high concentration of airborne manganese in shipbuilding processes was as follows; block assembly, block erection, outfitting installation, steel cutting, and outfitting preparation. The percentages of samples that exceeded the OES of the ministry of employment and labor by the cassette sampling method was 12.5%, however 59.1% of sampled workers by the impactor sampling method exceeded the TLV of the ACGIH. Conclusions: Even though the manganese concentrations in blood of workers exposed to higher airborne manganese concentration were higher than among those exposed to lower concentrations, there was no difference in blood manganese concentrations among work duration. The data analyzed here by characterizing size-selective mass concentrations indicates that the inhaled manganese of welders in shipbuilding yards could be mostly manganese-containing respirable particle sizes.

A Study on the Blood Manganese Levels in Welding Workers

Mi-Hwa Lee 대한의생명과학회 2003 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.9 No.4

The welding workers are frequently exposed to heavy metals such as manganese. Manganese is well evaporated into the air while welding. This study had been carried out to investigate the relationship of the blood manganese level to age, work duration, and smoking status among 128 welding workers in Gyeongnam and Jeonnam province from May to November, 2003. They showed high manganese level in the first health examination. Subjects were also classified for the investigation according to their smoking status as smokers and nonsmokers, work duration (≤9, 10~9, 20≤years), and ages (≤29, 30~39, 40~49, 50≤years). Blood manganese levels were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Mean blood manganese level was 1.62±0.56 ㎍/dl. In the comparison of blood manganese levels by age and smoking status, mean blood manganese levels of smokers in age of 20's, 30's, and 50's were 2.09±0.44 ㎍/dl, 1.94±0.33 ㎍/dl, and 2.15±0.33 ㎍/dl, respectively. Blood manganese levels of smokers were significantly higher than those of non-smokers, showing no significant difference in the 40's. In the comparison of blood manganese levels by work duration, the blood manganese levels of smokers were the highest in the case of 10 to 19 years work duration. This study showed that the blood manganese levels were related to the smoking status, work duration, and age. Mean manganese levels of smokers showed higher than those of nonsmokers. It also showed that the length of work duration was related to the elevation of blood manganese levels. Among the welding workers, blood manganese levels of smokers were the highest over their age of 50's. In conclusion, smoking was the most significant risk factor to increase blood manganese levels. The further study will need analysis of the other factors related to manganese level elevation.

A Study on the Blood Manganese Levels in Welding Workers

Lee, Mi-Hwa 대한의생명과학회 2003 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.9 No.4

The welding workers are frequently exposed to heavy metals such as manganese. Manganese is well evaporated into the air while welding. This study had been carried out to investigate the relationship of the blood manganese level to age, work duration, and smoking status among 128 welding workers in Gyeongnam and Jeonnam province from May to November, 2003. They showed high manganese level in the first health examination. Subjects were also classified for the investigation according to their smoking status as smokers and nonsmokers, work duration ($\leq$9, 10~9, 20$\leq$years), and ages ($\leq$29, 30~39, 40~49, 50$\leq$years). Blood manganese Jevels were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Mean blood manganese level was 1.62$\pm$0.56 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dl. In the comparison of blood manganese levels by age and smoking status, mean blood manganese levels of smokers in age of 20's, 30's, and 50's were 2.09$\pm$0.44 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 1.94$\pm$0.33 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, and 2.l5$\pm$0.33 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, respectively. Blood manganese levels of smokers were significantly higher than those of non-smokers, showing no significant difference in the 40's. In the comparison of blood manganese levels by work duration, the blood manganese levels of smokers were the highest in the case of 10 to 19 years work duration. This study showed that the blood manganese levels were related to the smoking status, work duration, and age. Mean manganese levels of smokers showed higher than those of nonsmokers. It also showed that the length of work duration was related to the elevation of blood manganese levels. Among the welding workers, blood manganese levels of smokers were the highest over their age of 50's. In conclusion, smoking was the most significant risk factor to increase blood manganese levels. The further study will need analysis of the other factors related to manganese level elevation.

A Study on the Blood Manganese Levels in Welding Workers

이미화 THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIEN 2003 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.9 No.4

The welding workers are frequently exposed to heavy metals such as manganese. Manganese is well evaporated into the air while welding. This study had been carried out to investigate the relationship of the blood manganese level to age, work duration, and smoking status among 128 welding workers in Gyeongnam and Jeonnam province from May to November, 2003. They showed high manganese level in the first health examination. Subjects were also classified for the investigation according to their smoking status as smokers and nonsmokers, work duration (≤9, 10~9, 20≤years), and ages (≤29, 30~39, 40~49, 50≤years). Blood manganese levels were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Mean blood manganese level was 1.62±0.56 ㎍/dl. In the comparison of blood manganese levels by age and smoking status, mean blood manganese levels of smokers in age of 20's, 30's, and 50's were 2.09±0.44 ㎍/dl, 1.94±0.33 ㎍/dl, and 2.15±0.33 ㎍/dl, respectively. Blood manganese levels of smokers were significantly higher than those of non-smokers, showing no significant difference in the 40's. In the comparison of blood manganese levels by work duration, the blood manganese levels of smokers were the highest in the case of 10 to 19 years work duration. This study showed that the blood manganese levels were related to the smoking status, work duration, and age. Mean manganese levels of smokers showed higher than those of nonsmokers. It also showed that the length of work duration was related to the elevation of blood manganese levels. Among the welding workers, blood manganese levels of smokers were the highest over their age of 50's . In conclusion, smoking was the most significant risk factor to increase blood manganese levels. The further study will need analysis of the other factors related to manganese level elevation.

이염화망간을 투여한 흰쥐의 조직중 망간과 Malondialdehyde간의 관계

문철진,이수진,이세훈 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.3

목 적 : 이 염화망간을 투여한 백쥐를 이용하여 망간이 유의하게 축적된 장기와, 장기내 망간과 MDA의 상관관계로서 세포내 지질과산화반응을 평가하였다. 방 법 : 생후 6주, 체중 200∼250 g의 수컷 횐쥐(Sprague-Dawley) 12마리에게 이염화망간(MgCl2)을 4 mg/kg 농도로 한달간 복강내 주사하고, 동일 조건의 횐쥐 9마리에게 생리식염수를 1ml씩 한달간 복강내 주사하였다. 혈액, 뇌, 간, 비장, 췌장, 콩팥을 채취한 뒤, 각 조직중의 망간농도와 malondialdehyde를 정 량하였다. 결 과 : 망간의 농도가 대조군에 비해 유의하게 높았던 조직은 혈장, 뇌, 췌장 및 간장이 였다. 대조군에 비해 실험군에서 조직중 malondialdehyde 농도가 유의하게 높았던 조직은 혈액, 뇌, 췌장이 였다. 대조군에 비해 망간농도와 MBA농도가 모두 유의하게 높았던 혈장, 뇌, 췌장중의 두 변수간에는 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 결 론 : 이상의 결과 고농도의 망간을 투여한 경우 뇌, 췌장에 특이하게 망간이 축적되며, 이들 장기에서 지질과산화반응이 촉진되어 그 최종 대사산물인 MDA의 농도가 증가한다는 결론을 얻었다. Objectives : This research was intended to investigate the relationship between manganese and malodndialdehyde concentration in tissues of rats exposed to maganele chloride. Methods : The study groups were 12 manganese treated rats and 9 control rats. Manganese treated rats were given intraperitoneally manganese chloride (Mn2+, 4 mg/kg) daily for a period of 30 days except Sunday. Control rats were i운ected 1ml of saline. The plasma manganese concentrations of rats were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The tissue manganese concentration was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Malondialdehyde, the product of lipid peroxidation was determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The plasma malondialdehyde was determined by gas chromatography with mass-detector. Protein concentration was quantified by ultraviolet-visible spectrometry and was used for the compensation of tissue malondialdehyde and manganese concentration. Results : Manganese concentrations of plasma, brawn, liver, and pancreas were very significantly higher in the manganese-treated rats than in the control rats. Malondialdehyde concentration of plasma, brain, and pacrease were significantly higher In the manganese-treated rats than in the control rats. The concentration of malondialdehyde was correlated with manganese levels in plasma, brain and pancreas. Conclusion : Based on the results obtained as above, it was concluded that the matrondialdehyde, product of lipid peroxidation was related to the cell death due to dosing excess manganese.

망간모래여과를 이용한 강변여과수의 망간제거

김충환 ( Chung Hwan Kim ),김학철 ( Hak Chul Kim ),김한승 ( Han Seung Kim ),김범수 ( Berm Soo Kim ),안효원 ( Hyo Won Ahn ) 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.5

Pilot-scale experiments were performed for the treatment of bank filtrate containing high manganese concentration around 2 ㎎/L using rapid manganese sand filtration to investigate effects of oxidant dose and pH control on the removal efficiency of manganese. For theoretical dose ranges of oxidant (sodium hypochlorite) between 3 and 4 ㎎/L, the manganese concentration of effluent was 0.57 ㎎/L, which corresponded to 72.5% removal and was higher than drinking water quality standards of 0.3 ㎎/L. For excess dose ranges of oxidant between 4 and 8 ㎎/L, the manganese concentration of effluent was reduced to 0.14 ㎎/L, which corresponded to 94.5% removal, but the residual chlorine concentration was over 1.0 ㎎/L. On the other hand, manganese removal efficiency drastically increased up to the value of 98.0%, which is equivalent to the effluent concentration of 0.03 ㎎/L by controling pH to the range between 7 and 8 for the theoretical dose of oxidant. Consequently, these results indicated that appropriate dose of chemicals, such as oxidant and alkali, and continuous monitoring of manganese should be necessary to obtain efficient removal of manganese and to optimize the maintenance of treatment facilities for the treatment of bank filtrate with high concentration of manganese.

스테인레스 강 용접중 발생하는 망간의 발생량 및 함량변화에 관한 연구

윤충식 ( Chung Sik Yoon ),김정한 ( Jeong Han Kim ) 한국산업위생학회 2006 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.16 No.3

Manganese has a role as both toxic and essential in humans. Manganese is also an essential component in the welding because it increases the hardness and strength, prevents steel from cracking of welding part and acts as a deoxidizing agent to form a stable weld. In this study, manganese generation rate and its content was determined in flux cored arc welding on stainless steel. Domestic two products and foreign four products of flux cored wires were tested in the well designed fume generation chamber as a function of input power. Welding fume was measured by gravimetric method and metal manganese was determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometer. The outer shell of the flux cored wire tube and inner flux were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy to determine their metal compositions. Manganese generation rate(FGRmn) was increased as the input power increased. It was 16.3 ㎎/min at the low input power, 38.1 ㎎/min at the optimal input power, and up to 55.4 ㎎/min at the high input power. This means that FGRmn is increased at the work place if welder raise the current and/or voltage for the high productivity. The slope coefficient of FGRmn was smaller than that of the generation rate of total fume(FGR). Also, the correlation coefficient of FGRmn was 0.65 whereas that of FGR is 0.91. FGRmn was equal or higher in the domestic products than that of the foreign products although FGR was similar. From the electron microscopic analytical data, we concluded that outer shell of the wire was composed mainly of iron, chromium, nickel and less than 1.2 % of manganese. There are many metal ingredients such as iron, silica, manganese, zirconium, titanium, nickel, potassium, and aluminum in the inner flux but they were not homogeneous. It was found that both FGRmn and content of manganese was higher and more varied in domestic flux cored wires than those of foreign products. To reduce worker exposure to fumes and hazardous component at the source, further research is needed to develop new welding filler materials that improve the quality of flux cored wire in respect to these points. Welder should keep in mind that the FGR, FGRmn and probably the generation rate of other hazardous metals were increased as the input power increase for the high productivity.

흰쥐에서 망간의 투여 용량에 따른 뇌 자기공명영상과 병리조직학적 변화

이재명,김정일,김윤규,정민호,최순섭,김대철,정갑열 大韓産業醫學會 2009 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.21 No.2

목적: 본 연구는 사람에서 만성적인 노출 시 파킨슨양증후군을 일으키는 것으로 알려진 망간에 의한 뇌 영향을 알아보기 위한 기초적인 연구의 일환으로, 흰쥐에서 망간의 투여용랑에 따른 저 자기공명영상과 병리조직학적 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 15마리의 흰쥐를 5마리씩 대조군, 저용량군과 고용량군의 세 군으로 나누고 각각의 군에 생리식염수, 망간 10 mg과 40 mg을 1주에 1회 4주간 꼬리정택을 통해 투여하였다. 투여 4주 후에 뇌 자기공명영상을 촬영한 후 희생시켜 부검하여 혈액과 뇌를 채취하였다. 채취한 혈액에서 망간의 함량을 측정하였고, 뇌는 염색하여 병리 조직학적 면화를 관찰하였다. 결과: 혈중 망간의 농도는 망간의 투여량이 증가함에 따라 유의하게 증가하였다. 뇌 자기공명영상을 촬영하여 각 군의 기저핵에서 신호강도를 측정하였을 때, 대조군과 비교해서 실험군의 그리고 실험군에서 저용량군에 비해 고용량군의 기저핵에서 신호강도가 증가한 것을 확인하였다. 병리조직학적 검사에서 망간을 투여한 실험군은 대조군에 비해 기저핵에서 교세포 수에 대한 신경세포 수의 비가 유의하게 감소하였다. 결론: 흰쥐에서 망간의 투여 후, 뇌 자기공명영상의 T1 강조 영상에서 신호강도와 병리조직검사에서 신경세포의 손상은 망간의 투여 용량에 따라 증가하였다. 이를 통해 기저핵에서 뇌 자기공명영상의 신호강도는 병리조직학적 손상의 정도와 관련이 있음을 추정할 수 있었다. Objectives: This study was carded out to investigate the effect of manganese on the brains of rats, and chronic exposure to manganese is known to induce Parkinsonism in human. Methods: The rats were divided into three groups: the first group was a control group that was administrated normal saline, and the second group was subdivided into the low dose group (10 mg/kg) and the high dose group (40 nig/kg) according to the administered dose of manganese. The rats of each group received an injection of normal saline and manganese via a tail vein once a week for 4 weeks. The rats were sacraficed at 4 weeks after the first adminstration of manganese. Brain MR imaging was performed before the rats were killed. After the rats were killed, the concentration of blood manganese was measured, and pathologic examination of the brain was performed in all the groups. Results: The concentration of blood manganese was increased proportionally to the administered dose. The signal intensity of the basal ganglia on the T1-weighted imaging of brain MRI was increased in accordance with the administered dose. The ratio of neuron/glial cells in the basal ganglia was decreased in the experiment group as compared to that of the control group. Conclusions: This study showed that the signal intensity and the damage of neurons in basal ganglia were increased according to the administered dose of manganese in rats.