휴대용 혈중연 분석기를 이용한 혈중연 분석

이혜진 ( Hye Jin Lee ),유선우 ( Sun Woo You ),김형아 ( Hyoung Ah Kim ) 한국산업보건학회 2004 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.14 No.1

공기순환장치 적용 오존 플라즈마 살균장치 개발

안준 ( June An ),전영남 ( Young-nam Chun ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2021 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a new sterilization plasma device that would be proficient at sterilizing and removing pathogenic bacteria and viruses, and applicable to air purification systems. Methods: In order to understand the performance characteristics, the discharge characteristics of a packed bed DBD reactor and the ozone reduction characteristics of an ozone filter installed at the outlet of the reactor were investigated. Results: The novel packed-bed DBD reactor was proposed, and it was confirmed that the plasma discharge was uniformly and stably discharged throughout the entire layer, and sufficient ozone was generated for sterilization. The ozone filter was tested for three methods: adsorption, adsorption-decomposition, and catalytic decomposition. When the filter thickness was 30 mm, the ozone concentrations were 0.03 ppm, 0.01 ppm, and 0.21 ppm, respectively. The adsorption and adsorption-decomposition methods satisfied the EPA standard of less than 0.05ppm, but the catalytic decomposition method did not. Conclusions: It was confirmed that the adsorption-decomposition method has relatively excellent ozone filter performance and can provide the best ozone filter.

자동차 부품제조 사업장의 유해인자 노출 농도수준 및 검출율 -알루미늄 다이캐스팅 공정을 중심으로-

이덕희 ( Duk-hee Lee ),문찬석 ( Chan-seok Moon ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2018 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Objectives: This study examines exposure to hazardous substances in the working environment caused by exposure to toxic substances produced in the aluminum die casting process in the automobile manufacturing industry. Materials and Methods: The exposure concentration levels, detection rates and time-trend of 15 hazardous factors in the aluminum die casting process over 10 years(from 2006 to 2016) were used as a database. Results: The study found that hazardous factors in the aluminum die casting process were mostly metals. The rate for detected samples was 70.6%(405 samples), and that for not detected samples was 29.4%. The noise for an eight-hour work shift showed a 49.7% exceedance rate for TLV-TWA. Average noise exposure was 89.0 dB. The maximum exposure level was 105.1 dB. Conclusion: The high numbers of no-detection rates for hazardous substance exposure shows that there is no need to do a work environment measurement. Therefore, alternatives are necessary for improving the efficiency and reliability of the work environment measurement. Moreover, to prevent noise damage, reducing noise sources from automation, shielding, or sound absorbents are necessary.

직업성 발암물질에 의한 국내 악성종양의 규모

이원진 ( Won Jin Lee ),윤충식 ( Chungsik Yoon ),이혜진 ( Hye Jin Lee ),정지연 ( Jee Yeon Jeong ),이경희 ( Kyong-hui Lee ),정원건 ( Wongeon Jung ),박미진 ( Mijin Park ) 한국산업보건학회 2021 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.31 No.4

Objective: This paper aimed to provide estimates the burden of cancer attributable to occupational exposures in South Korea and to review the processes of estimating the population attributable fraction(PAF). Methods: The PAFs of occupational cancer were reviewed from previous studies. The number and proportion of cancer cases attributable to occupational carcinogens were estimated by multiplying the PAFs by recent Korean cancer data(up to 2016 for incidence and 2017 for death) obtained from the Statistics Korea. The estimation of PAFs included occupational exposures defined as definite or probable human carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Results: In South Korea, an estimated 10,769 new cancer cases(9,017 among men, 1,752 among women) in 2016, and 7,030 cases of death from cancer(6,047 in men, 983 in women) in 2017, were attributable to occupational exposures, representing 1.5-4.7% of all new cancer cases(2.1-7.5% and 0.3-1.6% among men and women, respectively) and 2.7-8.9% of all cancer death cases(3.4-12.4% and 0.5-3.3% among men and women, respectively). Among men and women, lung cancer was the most impactful. The estimation process of PAFs, however, has a variety of uncertainties. Conclusions: Occupational exposures contribute to a substantial burden of cancer in South Korea. PAFs for cancer provide useful information for prevention initiatives and prioritizing health policies for workers. However, PAFs need to be interpreted cautiously and updated regularly.

반응기촉매 교체작업시 최적 환기조건에 대한 수치해석적 연구

윤장근,임용순,신미수 한국산업보건학회 2018 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.28 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this case study is to assess the current airflow and find the ideal ventilation conditions in tank reactors for minimizing the possibility of exposure respiratory dusts(size of 2.5 ㎛, 10 ㎛) when workers exchange catalysts in the tank reactors. Methods: A Numerical study was performed to determine ideal ventilation conditions, We considered two sizes of airborne respiratory particles(2.5 ㎛, 10 ㎛) at 12points from the bottom of tank reactor. We changed input & output ventilation conditions and analyzed the particle motion in the tank reactor. The star-ccm+, computational fluid dynamics tool was used to predict air & particle flow patterns in the tank reactor and a numerical simulation was achieved by applying the realized κ-ε turbulence model and the Lagrangian particle tracking method. Results: From the results, the increase of recirculation air had a significant impact on removing dusts because they are removed by HEPA filter. To the contrary, Increasing the clean air quantity or changing the input position of clean air is not good for workers because it causes the exit of respiratory dusts through workers’ entrance or cause it to remail suspended in the air in the workplace tank.

소규모 세탁소의 휘발성유기화합물 발생 특성과 종사자의 건강에 미치는 영향

박옥현 ( Ok-hyun Park ),이경석 ( Kyoung-seok Lee ),민경우 ( Kyoung-woo Min ),조광운 ( Gwang-woon Cho ),윤관주 ( Kwan-ju Yoon ),정원삼 ( Won-sam Jeong ),조영관 ( Young-gwan Cho ),김은선 ( Eun-sun Kim ),양진석 ( Jin-seok Yang ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2016 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.26 No.2

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the generating characteristics of VOCs and the exposure effect to chemicals among laundry workers and to identify the current status of occupational safety and health through health check-ups. Methods: During the six-month period from April to September 2015, this study quantitatively measured seven VOCs in ten laundries and carried out health examinations on 35 workers. Results: Comparing the monitoring results for the ten laundries, they were classified into three groups by ventilation system, dry-cleaning and size of shop. The average concentration of toluene, chlorobenzene, xylene, ethylbenzene, benzene, styrene and TCE were 23.9, 15.6, 5.5, 2.8, 0.9, 0.3 and 1.3 ㎍/m3, respectively. During dry-cleaning, VOC concentrations were 1.3-8.9 times higher than usual. On the other hand, at night the concentrations of toluene, chlorobenzene, xylene, ethylbenzene, benzene, styrene and TCE were 64.3, 41.5, 12.2, 6.3, 1.1, 1.2 and 6.6 ㎍/m3, respectively. The health checkup results for the 35 workers showed that 13 workers were diagnosed as normal, while 22 workers were diagnosed as requiring continuous monitoring or re-checkup of liver and hematogenous functions. Conclusions: Although the results of exposure evaluation to VOCs did not exceed reference value and items had a low correlation with health checkup items, it is necessary to improve indoor air quality due to VOC volatilization from clothes

퇴직한 납 취급 근로자들에서 골밀도 저하와 경골납량이 혈중납량에 미치는 영향

김남수,김진호,김화성,김희선,이성수,Andrew C. Todd,이병국 한국산업보건학회 2006 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.16 No.4

This study was designed to investigate the effect of bone demineralization and tibia lead on blood lead in retired lead workers. Two hundred thirty five(126 females and 109 males) retired lead workers who worked in 4 different lead factories and 101 non-occupationally lead exposed subjects(51 females and 51 males) were recruited from March 2004 to October 2004. Bone mineral density(BMD) was measured at left calcaneous bone area by broadband ultrasound attenuation(BUA) method with QUS-2(Metra Biosystems Inc, USA). The BUA value transformed into T-score by WHO standard conversion criteria. Tibia bone lead was measured for skeletal bone lead with K-xray fluorescence(K-XRF) and blood lead was analyzed with flameless atomic spectrophotometer. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum calcium and iron were also analyzed. In addition, information for smoking and drinking status and basic personal data such as age, gender and lead exposure were also collected using questionnaire inquiry. Blood lead was correlated with tibia lead (r=0.664) and these two variables were negatively correlated with BMD in bivariate analysis. BMD showed significant main effect on the change of blood lead independent to tibia lead without any effect modification of age or gender; the one T-score unit decrease of mineral bone density made 0.43㎍/㎗ increase of blood lead. On the other hand, tibia lead showed effect modification with gender on blood lead; the slope of tibia lead on blood lead in male was steeper than in female and crossed at around zero of tibia lead. In the multiple regression analysis of blood lead and tibia lead on BMD after adjustment of related covariates, only blood lead showed statistically significant effect on BMD. This study confirmed that BMD and blood lead were significantly associated. To verify the causal association of BMD on blood lead and vice versa, further longitudinal studies are needed.

대학병원 내 외래간호사의 포름알데히드 노출 평가

구동철 ( Dong Chul Gu ),이채관 ( Chaek Wan Lee ),이재환 ( Jae Wan Lee ),이수연 ( Su Yeon Lee ),윤순영 ( Soon Young Yun ),한아름 ( A Reum Han ),김현주 ( Hyun Ju Kim ),박영범 ( Yeong Beom Park ),정성욱 ( Seong Wook Jeong ),문찬석 ( 한국산업보건학회 2014 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.24 No.4

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the exposure status of formaldehyde(FA) among the nurses in ambulatory care departments of university hospital. Methods: Two university hospitals were surveyed. The FA concentration in air were measured to target 62 nurses in 8 ambulatory care departments(89 samples). Air sampling and analysis of FA were carried out according to the OSHA Method ID-205. The survey was conducted with questionnaire asking about how to control FA and whether the nurses use the formaldehyde protectors or not. Results: FA was detected in all samples. The maximum concentration of FA was 0.258 ppm and the geometric mean was 0.023 ppm. There was no sample that exceeded any of exposure standards by OSHA-TWA whereas there were 54 samples(60.7%) that exceeded the standards by NOISH-TWA. Among 62 nurses handling FA, 13 nurses(21.0%) used the protective gloves while nobody used a gas mask. It was assessed that any of 8 common ambulatory care departments did not use a safety cabinet for FA in which local exhaust ventilation was fixed. Conclusions: Nurses in ambulatory care departments were exposed to FA. Therefore, the environment management of a workplace, the health management of a nurses, FA handling education and installing a FA cabinet with a local exhaust ventilation were needed because FA as a carcinogen was able to cause any cancer to a human body if it was emitted in air for long time.

무기산류에 대한 국내 작업환경측정 현황 분석

박해동 ( Hae Dong Park ),박승현 ( Seung-hyun Park ),정기효 ( Kihyo Jung ) 한국산업보건학회 2021 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.31 No.3

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the exposure characteristics of inorganic acids. Methods: We analyzed exposure data (n = 363,146) for six inorganic acids (hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen chloride, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid) collected between 2017 and 2019 in South Korea. Measurement characteristics and exposure levels (ELs) were analyzed by inorganic acid, industry category, enterprise size, and measurement year. Results: Measurement percentage dominated in time-weighted average (TWA, 91%) compared to short term exposure limit (STEL) and Ceiling. Most of the measurements (79.7%) were collected from the manufacturing category of industry. Medians of ELs were mostly low (≤3% of the threshold limit), with the exception of sulfuric acid (4.6% of TWA and 10.5% of STEL). The percentages of exceeding 1% of the occupational exposure limits (OELs) in TWA were relatively high for sulfuric acid (35.8%) and hydrogen chloride (16.5%) compared to the other acids (4.2%-6.6%). In addition, the percentages of exceeding 1% of OELs in STEL or Ceiling were higher for sulfuric acid (22.9%), hydrogen chloride (12.3%), and nitric acid (8.2%) compared to the other acids (1.2%-1.9%). The small-sized enterprises showed higher ELs in TWA; contrarily, the large-sized enterprises had higher ELs in STEL or Ceiling. Conclusions: The measurement characteristics and ELs identified in this study could be useful for establishing safety and health policies for inorganic acids.

작업환경측정 시료 채취기의 부착 위치에 따른 유기화합물의 농도 분포에 관한 연구

권영규 ( Yung Gyu Kwon ),원정일 ( Jung Il Won ),장형석 ( Hyung Seok Jang ),심상효 ( Sang Hyo Sim ) 한국산업보건학회 2015 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.25 No.3

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate differences in concentration according to the position at the left or right shoulder within a 30 cm of radius of workers’ respirators and provide basic data for the establishment of an industrial health policy. Methods: Personal samples were collected from a total of 65 workers from 27 manufacturing firms in South Gyeongsang-do Province from November 5, 2011 to December 30, 2012 after classifying the laborers into left- and right-side groups. The organic compound samples were collected and analyzed in accordance with the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM) 1501. Results: In terms of the concentration of organic compounds collected from both left and right shoulders at the position of workers’ respirators, isobutyl acetate was the highest with 145 ppm at the left shoulder, followed by ethyl acetate (133.5 ppm) and toluene (38.13 ppm). At the right shoulder, on the contrary, ethyl acetate (149.3 ppm) was the highest, followed by toluene (46.26 ppm), xylene (29.63ppm) and isopropyl alcohol (28.06 ppm). Overall, the right shoulder was higher than the left shoulder in terms of concentrations. Conclusions: For the measurement of the working environment, workers’ personal samples should be collected at the place closest to the respirator. In terms of the reduction of error, the attachment of two sample media is expected to reduce errors in exposure assessment.