실명한 녹내장안에서 통증 조절을 위해 시행한 녹내장 수술의 경과

강은민,이윤하,서상진,김찬윤,성공제,홍사민,Eun Min Kang,Yun Ha Lee,Sang Jin Seo,Chan Yun Kim,Gong Je Seong,Samin Hong 대한안과학회 2014 대한안과학회지 Vol.55 No.10

Purpose: To investigate the clinical outcome of glaucoma surgery performed in patients with painful blind glaucomatous eyes. Methods: A single-center, retrospective, interventional case series was performed by reviewing the medical records of 74 glaucoma patients (74 eyes) who underwent Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation or trabeculectomy for painful blind eyes from October 2004 to January 2014. Blindness was defined as visual acuity less than hand motion at the time of surgery. Preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), number of anti-glaucoma medications, and presence of pain were compared in the patients grouped according to the type of glaucoma surgery. The glaucoma type, history of previous glaucoma surgery and postoperative failure/complications were also evaluated. Results: AGV implantation was performed in 42 eyes (56.8%) of 42 patients, and trabeculectomy was performed in 32 eyes (43.2%) of 32 patients. The average IOP decreased from 41.73 ± 11.77 mm Hg before surgery to 14.29 ± 9.34 mm Hg at five years after the surgery (<EM>p </EM>< 0.001, paired t-test). The IOP was not significantly different between the groups at any follow-up time point (<EM>p</EM> = 0.949, linear mixed model). Overall, three patients (4.1%) still experienced eye pain after surgery, IOP greater than 30 mm Hg was observed in eight eyes (10.8%), and additional surgery was required in 11 eyes (14.9%). Evisceration was required in only two eyes (2.7%). Sympathetic ophthalmia was not found in any patient during the follow-up period. Conclusions: Glaucoma surgery including AGV implantation/trabeculectomy was effective and safe even for painful blind eyes. The procedure may be considered as an alternative to enucleation as an initial surgical option for painful blind glaucomatous eyes. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(10):1511-1519

돌발통 유무에 따른 만성통증 환자의 주의편향: 안구운동측정장비를 사용하여

배수정,최종범,조성근 한국건강심리학회 2021 한국심리학회지 건강 Vol.26 No.2

Breakthrough pain (BTP) is temporary and considerably severe. Thus, patients with BTP are more likely to perceive pain-related stimuli as a threat than those without BTP. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in attentional bias in patients with and without BTP. This study recruited 17 patients and 25 patients with and without BTP, respectively, from among patients with chronic pain at a university hospital in Suwon, Republic of Korea. The participants’ eye movements were recorded using an eye tracker during a free viewing task that features sensory pain-neutral, affective pain-neutral, and neutral-neutral word pairs. Two-way ANOVA(group*word type) was conducted on the attentional bias indices. The results were as follows: First of all, looking at the attentional-orientation index, it was found that in the time taken until the first fixation, patients with BTP were more vigilant towards sensory pain words and affective pain words than patients without BTP. In addition, during the first 250ms, patients with BTP was more vigilant towards affective pain words than patients without BTP. Finally, looking at the attentional-maintenance index, in the total time for taking the Area Of Interest (AOI), the patients without BTP showed more difficulty with distraction for sensory pain words than patients with BTP. The patients with BTP showed more difficulty with distraction for affective pain words than the patients without BTP. The results of the study provide the need for correction of the existing vigilance-avoidance pattern, and they suggest that characteristics, such as the presence or absence of BTP and word type in chronic pain patients, should be considered in the attention bias modification (ABM) program. 이 연구에서는 안구운동측정장비를 사용하여 만성통증 환자의 돌발통 유무와 단어 유형(감각통증단어, 정서통증단어)이 주의편향에 미치는 영향을 검증하고자 했다. 이 연구는 수원 소재 대학병원 신경통증클리닉에 통증치료를 목적으로 내원한 환자 중 돌발통이 있는 만성통증 환자 17명과 돌발통이 없는 만성통증 환자 25명을 대상으로 실시했다. 참여자들이 감각통증단어-중립단어, 정서통증단어-중립단어, 중립단어-중립단어 자극쌍으로 구성된 free-viewing 과제를 수행하는 동안 이들의 안구운동이 측정되었다. 주의편향 지표(주의지향, 주의유지)에 대해 각각 2(집단: 돌발통-무, 돌발통-유)*2(자극: 감각통증단어, 정서통증단어) 반복측정 분산분석을 실시했다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 고정까지 걸린 시간에서 돌발통-유 집단이 중립단어보다 감각통증단어 및 정서통증단어를 경계하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 첫 250ms동안 자극응시시간에서 돌발통-유 집단이 돌발통-무 집단에 비해 정서통증단어를 경계하며, 돌발통-유 집단 내에서도 감각통증단어에 비해 정서통증단어를 더 경계하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 주의유지 지표를 살펴보면 AOI에 응시한 총 시간에서 돌발통-무 집단은 중립단어보다 감각통증단어 및 정서통증단어로부터 주의이탈의 어려움을 보였고, 돌발통-유 집단은 중립단어보다 정서통증단어로부터 주의이탈의 어려움을 보였다. 연구 결과는 기존 경계-회피 패턴에 대한 수정이 필요하고, 주의편향 수정 프로그램에서 만성통증 환자의 돌발통 유무 및 단어 유형과 같은 특성이 고려되어야 한다는 것을 시사한다.

Measurement of acute pain after eye surgery in children

Hae Jung Paik,Young Mee Ahn 대한안과학회 2002 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.16 No.2

This study was performed to assess the degree of acute pain in children following eye surgery using a Face Pain Rating Scale (FPRS), with a validity and reliability test employing a Numeric/Word Graphic Rating Scale (NWGRS). The degree of pain was obtained at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hours after surgery using the FPRS and NWGRS. The changes in pain intensities were analyzed using a RM-ANOVA, while the relationship between the FPRS and NWGRS was analyzed by a Pearson coefficient in SPSS/WIN. Two third of the children experienced pain equal to, or greater, than moderate to severe, and about one fifth of the subjects expressed the most severe pain at 2 hours after surgery. At 4 hours after surgery, 95.3% of the children still complained of pain, and 8 hours after surgery, 82.8% of the patients experienced ‘a little bit’ or ‘a little more’ pain or discomforts. At 1 day after surgery, only 34.4% of children were free of pain. A high correlation between the FPRS and NWGRS was identified over 5 time-points (.887 < r < .735). The gender, type of the surgery and past operation experience had no effects on the degree of pain. Our results suggest that FPRS is a reliable and valid measurement for acute pain assessment in Korean children following eye surgery, and warrants application in the integrated clinical protocol, including non-pharmacological and pharmacological management of acute pediatric pain reduction following surgery.

통증위협과 주의편향 간의 관계에서 자아고갈이 미치는 조절효과: 안구운동 추적 연구

진병주,조성근 한국건강심리학회 2018 한국심리학회지 건강 Vol.23 No.4

본 연구에서는 통증위협 상태에서 자아고갈이 주의편향에 미치는 영향을 검증하고자 했다. 본 연구는 D광역시에 거주하고 있는 대학생 85명을 대상으로 실시했다. 연구결과, 첫 고정 지속시간에서 통증위협과 자아고갈의 상호작용이 유의했다. 단순 주효과 분석결과, 자아고갈 수준이 낮을 때에는 통증위협 저집단에서 통증관련 단어와 중립단어에 대한 첫 고정시간이 비슷하게 나타났다. 하지만, 통증위협 고집단에서는 통증관련 단어에 더 오랫동안 첫 고정을 하는 경향성을 보였다. 반면 자아고갈 수준이 높을 때에는 첫 고정 지속시간에 대한 통증위협 집단 간 차이가 유의하지 않았다. 총 응시시간에서 통증위협과 자아고갈의 상호작용이 유의했다. 단순 주효과 분석결과, 자아고갈 수준이 낮을 때에는 통증위협 저집단에서 통증관련 단어와 중립단어에 대한 총 응시시간이 비슷하게 나타났다. 하지만, 통증위협 고집단에서는 통증관련 단어에 더 오랫동안 응시하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 자아고갈 수준이 높을 때에는 통증위협 집단 간 차이는 유의하지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 통증위협과 주의편향 간의 관계에 있어 자아고갈이 중요한 역할을 할 수 있다는 것을 시사한다. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of pain threat and ego depletion on attentional bias for pain-related stimuli. This study was carried out on 85 university students in D city, Republic of Korea. The results showed that the interaction effect of ego depletion and pain threat on the first fixation latency index was significant. In the low ego depletion level, high pain-related threat group had a faster first fixation to pain-related words than neutral words, whereas the results for the low pain-related threat group were the vice versa. However, in the high ego depletion level, there was no significant effect on the pain-related threat groups for the first fixed duration. In addition, the interaction effect of group and word type on the first fixation duration index was marginally significant. In the low ego depletion level, high pain-related threat group had a longer fixation to pain-related words than neutral words, whereas the results for the low pain-related threat group were the vice versa. However, in the high ego depletion level, there was no significant effect on the pain-related threat groups for the dwell time index was not significant. This study provided empirical grounds for the effect of ego depletion on the relationship between pain threat and attention bias. And this study provides an idea for Attentional Bias Modification intervention. The results of this study can be applied for the maximum effect of Attentional Bias Modification intervention.

눈의 통증으로 발현된 급성 외측연수경색증

석승한,손일홍 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1999 圓光醫科學 Vol.15 No.2

Spontaneous facial pain is diagnostic and is a cardinal feature of the lateral medullary infarction. Especially, pain is most often affected in or aroud eye. This symptom usually come on with the onset of lateral medullary infarction and is sometimes first symptom noted. This may be related to ipsilateral dysfunction of sensory neuron in the nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve and important to early detection and management of acute brainstem ischemia. However, this pain has usually recieved little emphasis in clinica1 situation. Therefore, we report three patients with lateral medullaty infarction, one complete, two partial involvement who were complained with severe eye pain as first presenting symptom, confirmed with MRI. Since patient with sudden onset of eye or facial pain may has acut brainstem lesions, it is very important that their presence should be diligently sought with high index of suspicion, especially in elderly patient with risk factors for stroke.

통증위협 상황에서 반추유형에 따른 주의편향과 회피행동

정태진,조성근 한국건강심리학회 2020 한국심리학회지 건강 Vol.25 No.1

Generally, it has been known that threat of pain can lead to adverse consequences through bias toward pain-related stimuli or avoidance behavior. According to the impaired-disengagement model, rumination comprises brooding and reflection. The model suggest that brooding would interfere with attention and goal activity, resulting in maladaptive consequences, but reflection would result in adaptive consequences. In this study, we examined the changes in attentional bias and avoidance behavior in the face of pain-related threat by manipulating the types of rumination. A total of 84 college students in Daejeon were recruited and randomly assigned to one of four groups according to the threat of pain (high, low) * types of rumination (brooding, reflection). Results showed that for first fixation duration, there was no significant interaction among pain threats, types of rumination, and types of pain words. For dwell time, regardless of pain threats, the brooding group gazed at neutral words longer than pain-related words, compared to the reflection group. Also, the brooding group took longer to touch the metal pad, which was expected to emit electricity, than the reflection group, when the threat of pain was high, while there was no significant difference between the groups when the threat of pain was low. These results suggest that brooding and reflection may be crucial factors for changes in attentional bias and avoidance behavior. 일반적으로 통증위협을 느낄 경우, 통증 관련 자극에 주의편향을 보이거나 활동을 회피함으로써 부적응적인 결과를 초래하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 손상된 주의이탈 모형에 따르면, 반추유형은 수심과 숙고로 구분된다. 수심의 경우, 주의와 목표활동을 방해하여 부적응적 결과를, 숙고의 경우, 적응적 결과를 초래할 수 있다고 제안했다. 이에 이 연구에서는 반추유형을 조작하여 통증위협 상황에서 주의편향과 회피행동의 변화를 실험적으로 검증하고자 했다. 대전광역시 소재 대학교에 재학 중인 건강한 대학생 남녀 84명을 모집하여 통증위협 수준(고, 저) × 반추유형(수심적 사고, 숙고적 사고)에 따라 4개의 집단 중 하나에 무작위 배정한 후 실험을 실시했다. 실험 결과, 첫째, 첫 고정지속시간의 경우 통증위협, 반추유형, 통증단어유형 간 상호작용이 유의하지 않았다. 둘째, 전반적인 응시시간의 경우 통증위협 수준에 상관없이 수심적 사고 집단은 숙고적 사고 집단보다 통증관련 단어에 비해 중립단어에 응시하는 시간이 더 길었다. 셋째, 회피행동의 경우 통증위협이 높을 때 수심적 사고 집단은 숙고적 사고 집단보다 전기가 흐를 것으로 예상되는 금속 패드에 손을 대는 데 까지 걸린 시간이 더 길었던 반면에, 통증위협이 낮을 때는 집단 간 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 수심 및 숙고적 사고가 주의편향과 회피행동의 변화에 중요한 요인일 수 있음을 시사한다.

두 가지 저함수율 비이온계 실리콘 하이드로겔 치료용 콘택트렌즈에 따른 굴절교정레이저각막절제술 후 통증의 비교

고경민(Kyung Min Koh),한상윤(Sang Youn Han),권영아(Young A Kwon),송상률(Sang Wroul Song),김병엽(Byoung Yeop Kim),김용란(Yong Ran Kim),손용호(Yong Ho Sohn),정재림(Jae Lim Chung) 대한검안학회 2015 Annals of optometry and contact lens Vol.14 No.2

Purpose: To compare of the pain after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) according to two kinds of silicone hydrogel contact lenses. Methods: 92 eyes of 46 patients who underwent PRK surgery were prospectively investigated. Each patient was randomly assigned senofilcon A in one eye and lotrafilcon B in the other eye. Pain score (0-10) was assessed at postoperative day 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 using visual analogue scale. Results: The pain scores (mean ± SD) of senofilcon A and lotrafilcon B were 1.6 ± 1.4, 2.2 ± 1.5 on postoperative day (POD) #0 (p = 0.0029), 2.9 ± 1.5, 3.7 ± 1.5 on POD # 1 (p = 0.009), 2.1 ± 1.2, 2.2 ± 1.4 on POD #2 (p = 0.6208), 0.5 ± 0.7, 0.7 ± 0.8 on POD #3 (p = 0.8375), and 0.1 ± 0.3, 0.1 ± 0.3 on POD #4 (p = 0.1332) respectively. Conclusions: Senofilcon A contributed to reduce postoperative pain effectively in patients undergoing PRK due to lens design, material and moisture-rich properties.

내외전마비를 동반하는 특발성 양안사시 한의 증례보고 1례

변정아,최윤영,백종찬,정현아,정지은 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2023 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.36 No.4

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Korean medical treatments on idiopathic bilateral strabismus. Methods : We treated a 43-year-old male idiopathic bilateral strabismus patient who was told to wait without a prescription as there was no problem in intraocular pressure test, fundus test, brain computed tomography, brain magnetic resonance imaging and angiography test, and cerebrospinal fluid test. The patient was admitted to Cheonan Korean medical hospital for 3 months to get Korean medical treatments including acupuncture, electroacupuncture, vapor treatment, pharmacopuncture therapy. The degree of improvement in idiopathic bilateral strabismus was determined by the objective measures of internal and external rotation disorders, and the patient’s subjective opinions on eye pain and double vision discomfort. Results : The results of this patient showed distinct improvements on objective measures of internal and external rotation disorders in both eyes. Distance from the outer corner of the right eye when abducted decreased from 7㎜ to 0㎜, and left eye decreased from 7㎜ to 0㎜. Distance from the inner corner of the right eye when adducted decreased from 5㎜ to 0㎜, and left eye decreased from 4㎜ to 0㎜. In addition, eye pain decreased from 10 to 0 and diplopia decreased from 10 to 2 according to the patient’s subjective opinions. Conclusions : This study shows the possibility that such medical treatment in Koreans can improve the rare idiopathic bilateral perspective among strabismus patients.

고려시대 한시에 나타난 ‘질병(疾病)’에 대한 의식과 치유 방식

어강석 포은학회 2023 포은학연구 Vol.32 No.-

본 논문은 고려시대 한시에 나타난 질병의 양상을 살펴보고, 이를 극복해 가는 과정과 방법을 함께 살펴보았다. 고려시대의 대표적인 질병은 현대의 기본적인 생활에서 오는 질병과 크게 다르지 않다. ‘치통(齒痛)’, ‘요통(腰痛)’, ‘종기(腫氣)’, ‘안질(眼疾)’, ‘소갈병(消渴病-당뇨병)’ 등이 일반적이다. 이외에 ‘피부병’도 많이 등장하는 질병 중 하나이다. 여기에는 전염병과 같은 대규모의 특수성을 가지는 병은 제외한 것이며, 일상생활에서 보이는 질병을 대상으로 하였다. 이러한 종류의 질병은 현대 사회를 살아가는 우리들에게도 흔하게 볼 수 있는 것이다. 고려시대에도 현대와 같은 과학적인 치료 방법은 없었지만, 다양한 치료 방법을 찾을 수 있다. 치료 방법 중에 가장 이상적인 것은 의원을 통한 진료이다. 물론 탕약, 뜸, 침술 등 한방의료에 한정될 수밖에 없다. 치통과 같은 질병은 별다른 방법이 없었고, 심하게 되면 의원을 통해 뽑아내는 방법이 주로 사용되었다. 안질의 경우 깨끗한 물로 씻어내는 방법이 이용되었다. 그러나 가장 많이 사용되는 치료 방법은 민간요법이었다. 요통의 경우 물리치료에 해당하는 주무르기나 심한 경우 밟기, 뜨거운 기왓장이나 돌로 찜질하기 등이 나타나고 있다. 안질의 경우는 노안으로 시작하는 것이 일반적이었으며, 흐릿한 눈을 위해 찻잎을 우려낸 물로 씻어내는 방법이 이용되었다. 또다른 치료 방법으로는 무속에 의지하는 예가 자주 보이고 있다. 부처에게 치성을 드리거나 무당이나 판수를 통해 굿을 하거나 푸닥거리로 질병을 치료하려는 방법도 찾을 수 있다. 또한 질병을 삶의 일부로 받아들여 평생을 동반하는 것으로 인식하는 심리적인 요법도 많이 보이는 치료 방법이다. 질병으로 인한 고통을 자연스러운 것으로 받아들이며 긍정적인 면을 찾아 합리화함으로써 심리적 안정을 얻을 수 있었다. This paper examines the types of ‘disease’ that appear in Sino-Korean Poetry during the Goryeo Dynasty, and also researches the process and method of overcoming ‘disease’. Typical types of diseases during the Goryeo Dynasty include ‘toothache’, ‘back pain’, ‘boils’, ‘eye disease’, and ‘diabetes mellitus’. In addition, ‘skin disease’ is one of the diseases that appears frequently. This excludes diseases with large-scale specificity, such as infectious diseases, and targets diseases seen in everyday life. These types of diseases are common among us living in modern society. Even during the Goryeo Dynasty, various treatment methods can be found. Among the treatment methods, the most scientific is treatment through a doctor. It is natural that it has to be limited to Oriental medicine such as herbal medicine, moxibustion, and acupuncture. However, the most commonly used treatment method is folk remedies. In the case of back pain, physical therapy methods such as kneading, stepping on, and compressing with hot tiles or stones were used. In the case of eye problems, it was common to start with presbyopia, and a method of washing with water steeped in green tea leaves was used to treat blurry eyes. Another treatment method often involves relying on shamanism. It is a method of treating diseases by praying to Buddha or performing a ritual through a shaman. In addition, psychological therapy, which accepts the disease as a part of life and recognizes it as a lifelong companion, was a popular treatment method.

풍수 고전 교리의 전설화 및 민담화 양상

윤홍기(Hong-key Yoon) 국문학회 2022 국문학연구 Vol.- No.46

중국 진나라 곽박이 썼다고 전하는 풍수 고전, 『장경(葬經)』에는 딱딱하고 형이상학적인 풍수 교리 중 으뜸이 되는 “사람들은 자기 몸을 부모로부터 받았다. 그래서 본체의 뼈(무덤에 묻힌 부모의 뼈)가 생기를 얻게 되면 지체(살아 있는 자손의 몸)도 그 생기(福)를 받게 되는 것이다(人受體於父母, 本骸得氣, 遺體受廕) (곽박,『장경』, 『내편』 1)”라는 구절이 있다. 명당을 구해서 죽은 조상의 뼈를 묻기 위하여 지관과 함께 산천을 헤매던 재래 한국인의 행태는 이 『장경』의 말에 근거를 두고 있다. 그러나 이 말이 무엇을 의미하는지 일반 백성들이 이해하기는 쉽지 않다. 지관의 입장에서는 이 풍수 원리를 사람들에게 많이 알려서 풍수신앙을 퍼트려야 자기들의 수입과 사회적 지위가 올라갈 것이다. 이러한 요구에 부응할 수 있도록 풍수 원리를 쉽고 재미있게 풀어서 민중이 좋아하는 이야기 형식으로 변형한 것이 “영의정이 날 명당을 안 지관” 계통의 설화이다. 『한국구비문학대계』에는 이 계통의 설화 8편이 채록되어 있는데 이들은 풍수 용어나 풍수 교리를 직접 거론함 없이 죽은 조상 해골의 안위(安危)가 살아있는 자손의 안위에 직접 영향을 준다는 것을 흥미롭게 설명한다. 본고에서는 이들 설화 8편을 (1) 해골이 명당에 방치된 이유, (2) 해골에 미치는 외부 영향을 시험한 방법, (3) 풍수 교리를 다루는 부분이 설화에서 차지하는 비중, (4) 설화 채집지 등을 고려하여 분석하였다. 이 분석에 근거하여 『장경』의 풍수교리 구절이 “영의정이 날 명당을 안 지관” 계통의 전설에서 어떠한 이본들(다른 전설이나 민담)로 발전했는가를 살펴보았다. 그리고 또 이 풍수 설화의 발원지가 여러 가지를 고려해 볼 때 영남지방 특히 경남지역이 그 발원지일 확률이 높으며, 설화 제목 “영의정이 날 명당을 안 지관” 설화가 원본 또는 원본에 가까운 것(version)이라 추정했다. 왜냐하면 이 이야기의 내용이 가장 충실하고 다른 유의 설화와 혼합되지 않으며 이야기 전체가 죽은 조상 뼈의 안위가 살아있는 자손의 건강에 영향을 준다는 면에만 집중하는 보다 순수한 풍수교리를 반영하는 전설이기 때문이다. 풍수 설화는 한국 설화 연구에서 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있다. 왜냐하면 풍수신앙은 한국 전통 사회에 만연하며, 풍수 설화는 이러한 한국인의 풍수적 사고방식을 잘 반영하고 있기 때문이다. 그래서 한국인의 정서와 멘탈리티를 이해하는 데는 풍수 설화가 매우 중요하다. 풍수설화는 한국 설화에서 가장 풍부한 자료(가장 많은 설화 수)를 제공하는 설화의 주제 중 하나이다. A classic in geomancy (known as “p’ungsu” in Korean and “fengshui” in Chinese) is Guo Pu’s Zangjing (葬經) or the Book of Burial. The book contains an important discussion on the nature of vital energy (saenggi: 生氣) and why it can be mysteriously transmitted to a living descendant. It argues that the relationships between deceased ancestors and their living descendants are like those between the tree branches and the tree trunk. Thus, the power of vital energy can be delivered from the ancestor in a gravesite to their living descendants. The explanation of vital energy in Zangjing is vague and metaphysical and is therefore difficult for a commoner to comprehend. That is perhaps why a clever geomancer might have produced a folk narrative on the subject in order to enlighten commoners about the transmission of vital energy from an ancestral grave to a living descendant. The legend of “the geomancer who recognised the auspicious site that will produce a prime minister” expounded the geomantic principle of vital energy without using any technical geomantic terms or jargons. A son in the legend became a prime minister, thanks to his biological father’s bones being placed in an auspicious grave site. However, when an eye socket of his father’s skull was attacked by a stick or a bundle of pine leaves, the son (the incumbent prime minister) suffered terrible pain in his eyes. When those foreign materials were removed from the skull, the pain in the eyes of the prime minister subsided. The legend effectively illustrated in an entertaining manner on how the deceased father’s bones affected the living son’s wellbeing. Out of the eight different versions of folk narratives dealing with the relationships between the deceased father’s grave and living son, seven versions did not contain a love story in them and simply focused on how the wellbeing of the father’s skull influenced the wellbeing of the living son. However, one folk narrative from Ch’ungch’ŏng Province included a love story in it. I classify this legend with a love story as an evolution from a legend to a folktale. Thus, one can witness an evolution of a folk narrative from a solemn geomantic theory in Zangjing to a legend and then to a folktale by incorporating a love story. Korean folk narratives dealings with geomantic topics are numerous in numbers and provide rich resources for the study of Korean culture, history and traditional society.