알코올 의존에 따른 니코틴 의존과 수면의 질

김현숙(Hyun-Sook Kim),김정우(Jung Woo Kim),남기혁(Gi Hyeok Nam),민성호(Seongho Min),고상백(Sang-Baek Koh),김태희(Tae Hui Kim) 대한사회정신의학회 2018 사회정신의학 Vol.23 No.2

연구목적 : 비흡연자에 비해 흡연자에서 주관적 수면의 질은 저하되어 있다. 니코틴 의존과 수면 질 사이의 상관성에 대한 연구는 제한적이며, 특히 알코올 의존에 따라 비교된 연구도 거의 없다. 이 연구의 목적은 1) 니코틴 의존 특성, 2) 니코틴 의존과 수면의 질 사이의 연관성, 3) 알코올 의존에 따른 니코틴 의존과 수면 질 사이의 연관성을 살펴보고자 한다. 방 법 : 한 지역의 집중 금연 캠프 프로그램에 참여한 193명의 남성 흡연자를 대상으로 하였다. 니코틴 의존의 정도는 Korean Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (이하 NDSS) 로 측정하였으며, NDSS는 ‘추동(Drive)’, ‘우선순위(Priority)’, ‘연속성(Continuity)’, ‘내성(Tolerance)’, ‘정형성(Stereotype)’의 5개 하위 척도로 구성되어 있다. 수면의 질은 Korean version Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(이하 PSQI)로 측정하였다. Korean version of Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test(이하 AUDIT)를 통해 정상 음주군과 알코올 의존군으로 나누어 비교하였다. 니코틴 의존과 수면 질 사이의 연관성은 상관 분석을 하였으며, 연령, 체질량지수, 신체 질환, 알코올 의존, 스트레스를 보정하여 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 정상 음주군(108명)과 알코올 의존군(85명)의 평균 연령은 58.66±10.29세, 53.45±10.22세였다(p=0.0006). 알코올 의존군은 수면 잠복기가 더 길었으며(1.40±0.87 vs 1.71±0.91, p=0.018), 더 자주 수면 약물을 사용하였다(0.40±0.91 vs 0.13±0.53, p=0.011). 전체 대상자에서 NDSS와 PSQI 사이 유의한 상관성을 보였다(r=0.229, p=0.001). NDSS 하위척도 중 ‘추동’(r=0.185, p=0.01), ‘우선 순위’(r=0.196, p=0.0006), ‘연속성’(r=0.16, p=0.026), ‘내성’(r=0.203, p=0.005) 이 PSQI와 유의한 상관성을 보였다. 그러나 알코올 의존군에서는 NDSS 총점, NDSS 하위 척도와 PSQI 사이 상관성을 보이지 않았다. 로지스틱 회귀 분석시, 전체 대상자와 정상 음주군에서 NDSS 총점과 ‘우선순위’와 ‘내성’ 하위 척도는 PSQI에 영향을 미쳤다. 결 론 : 정상 음주군과 알코올 의존군의 흡연자들에서 수면의 질 저하를 관찰할 수 있었지만, 니코틴 의존과 수면 질 저하의 관련성은 정상 음주군에서만 관찰할 수 있었다. 특히 정상 음주군에서는, 니코틴 의존의 치료 또는 금연이 주관적 수면의 질을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다. Objectives : Subjective quality of sleep is impaired in smokers compared with non-smokers, but the association between nicotine dependence (ND) and sleep quality (SQ) has not been well-characterized, especially according to alcohol dependence. The objective of this study was to describe 1) the nicotine dependence characteristics, 2) the associations between ND and SQ and 3) the associations between ND and SQ according to alcohol dependence. Methods : We recruited 193 male smokers who had participated in one area’s intensive smoking cessation program. The severity of nicotine dependence was measured with Korean Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS), which collects data on five subscales including : 1) drive ; 2) priority ; 3) continuity ; 4) tolerance ; and 5) stereotype. To evaluate subjective sleep quality in smokers, Korean version Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used. We divided the group of smokers into the Non-alcohol dependence (NAD) group and the Alcohol dependence (AD) group by Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Associations between ND and SQ were examined in correlation analysis and logistic regression analyses controlling for age, BMI, clinical illness, alcohol dependence, and perceived stress. Results : The mean age of the NAD group (n=108) and the AD group (n=85) was 58.66±10.29 and 53.45±10.22 years (p=0.0006). The AD group had longer sleep latency (1.40±0.87 vs 1.71±0.91, p=0.018) and frequent use of sleep medicine (0.40±0.91 vs 0.13±0.53, p=0.011). The whole participants had significant correlation between the NDSS and the PSQI (r=0.229, p=0.001). Among the NDSS’s subscales, the drive (r=0.185, p=0.01), the priority (r=0.196, p=0.0006), the continuity(r=0.16, p=0.026), and the tolerance (r=0.203, p=0.005) was significantly correlated with the PSQI. However, the AD group had not significant correlation between the NDSS, NDSS’s subscales and the PSQI. Using the logistic regression analysis, the NDSS’s total score, the priority and the tolerance had significant effect on PSQI in the whole participants and the NAD group. Conclusion : Although both NAD and AD group smokers had poor sleep quality, nicotine dependence are associated with poor sleep quality in the NAD group. Treatment of nicotine dependence or quitting smoking may improve subjective sleep quality especially in non-alcohol dependence people.

Determinants of Nicotine Dependence in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

( Yun Su Sim ),( Jin Hwa Lee ),( Ki Uk Kim ),( Seung Won Ra ),( Hye Yun Park ),( Chang-hoon Lee ),( Deog Kyeom Kim ),( Kyeong-cheol Shin ),( Sang Haak Lee ),( Hun Gyu Hwang ),( Joong Hyun Ahn ),( Yong 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2017 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.80 No.3

Background: Smoking cessation is the most powerful intervention to modify progress of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and nicotine dependence is one of the most important determinants of success or failure in smoking cessation. We evaluated nicotine dependence status and investigated factors associated with moderate to high nicotine dependence in patients with COPD. Methods: We included 53 current smokers with COPD in the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease II cohort enrolled between January 2014 and March 2016. Nicotine dependence was measured by using Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND). Cognitive function was assessed by Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Results: The median FTND score was 3, and 32 patients (60%) had moderate to high nicotine dependence. The median smoking amount was 44 pack-years, which was not related to nicotine dependence. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that high education status (odds ratio, 1.286; 95% confidence interval, 1.036-1.596; p=0.023), age <70 (odds ratio, 6.407; 95% confidence interval, 1.376-29.830; p=0.018), and mild to moderate airflow obstruction (odds ratio, 6.969; 95% confidence interval, 1.388-34.998; p=0.018) were related to moderate to high nicotine dependence. Conclusion: Nicotine dependence does not correlate with smoking amount, but with education level, age, and severity of airflow obstruction. Physicians should provide different strategies of smoking cessation intervention for current smokers with COPD according to their education levels, age, and severity of airflow obstruction.

A Three-Year Autoregressive Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis on Nicotine Dependence and Average Smoking

송태민,안지영,Laura L. Hayman,김계수,이주열,장해란 대한의료정보학회 2012 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.18 No.2

Objectives: Previous studies have been limited to the use of cross sectional data to identify the relationships between nicotine dependence and smoking. Therefore, it is difficult to determine a causal direction between the two variables. The purposes of this study were to 1) test whether nicotine dependence or average smoking was a more influential factor in smoking cessation; and 2) propose effective ways to quit smoking as determined by the causal relations identified. Methods: This study used a panel dataset from the central computerized management systems of community-based smoking cessation programs in Korea. Data were stored from July 16, 2005 to July 15, 2008. 711,862 smokers were registered and re-registered for the programs during the period. 860 of those who were retained in the programs for three years were finally included in the dataset. To measure nicotine dependence, this study used a revised Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. To examine the relationship between nicotine dependence and average smoking, an autoregressive cross-lagged model was explored in the study. Results: The results indicate that 1) nicotine dependence and average smoking were stable over time; 2) the impact of nicotine dependence on average smoking was significant and vice versa; and 3) the impact of average smoking on nicotine dependence is greater than the impact of nicotine dependence on average smoking. Conclusions: These results support the existing data obtained from previous research. Collectively, reducing the amount of smoking in order to decrease nicotine dependence is important for evidence-based policy making for smoking cessation.

Kano Test for Social Nicotine Dependence(KTSND-K) 설문지를 통한 한국인의 사회적 니코틴의존성의 평가

정재희 ( Jae Hee Jeong ),최상봉 ( Sang Bong Choi ),정우영 ( Wou Young Jung ),변민광 ( Min Gwang Byun ),박무석 ( Moo Suk Park ),김영삼 ( Young Sam Kim ),김세규 ( Se Kyu Kim ),장준 ( Joon Chang ),김성규 ( Sung Kyu Kim ),( Chihar 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2007 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.62 No.5

연구배경: 흡연은 많은 질병과 사망의 가장 중요한 원인이나 니코틴의존성으로 인해 금연이 어렵고 이로 인한 사회적, 의료적 손실이 증가함에도 불구하고 개선되지 못하고 있다. 이러한 니코틴의존성 중 물리적 의존성과 독립적으로 관여할 것으로 생각되는 사회, 문화적 니코틴의존성을 알아보고자 연구하였다. 방법: 2006년 5월부터 8월까지 일개 대학병원 직원과 일개 의과대학생, 일반 대학생 및 건강 검진자들을 대상으로 KTSND-K 설문지를 이용하여 흡연에 관한 의식 조사를 시행하였다. 결과: 총 741명 중 평균 연령은 31.8±11.6세이었고, 남자는 428명(57.8%)이었다. 흡연력은 현재흡연자 102명(13.8%), 과거흡연자 95명(12.8%), 비흡연자 544명(73.4%)이었다. 흡연력에 따른 KTSND-K 총점은 현재흡연자, 과거흡연자, 비흡연자에서 각각 17.1±5.4, 14.3±5.5, 12.3±5.5로 흡연자일수록 의미 있게 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 성별에 따른 총점의 차이는 남녀 각각 14.3±5.7, 11.7±5.4로 남성에서 유의하게 높았다(p<0.001). 그러나 현재흡연자 중 흡연 행태 및 금연 의지에 따라 각 군을 나누어 비교하였을 때 각 군간의 KTSND 총점의 차이는 보이지 않았다. 비흡연자 중 62.5%에서 간접 흡연의 피해를 느꼈으며, 간접 흡연을 경험하는 주요 장소는 주점 56.8%, 식당 32.3%, 학교 30.2%, 노래방 22.8%, 길거리 18.6% 등 공공 장소가 많았다. 결론: KTSND-K 설문지는 한국 흡연자의 니코틴의존성 중 사회적 니코틴의존성을 평가할 수 있는 유용한 방법이 될 수 있다고 생각된다. Background: Smoking is one of the most important leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Smoking habit is recognized as nicotine dependence, which consists of physical and psychosocial dependence. To evaluate social nicotine dependence, the Kano Test for Social Nicotine Dependence (KTSND) working group developed a new questionnaire, which consists of 10 questions with a total score of 30 in Japan. We examined the social nicotine dependence among healthy adults using the new KTSND questionnaire and evaluated validity of the KTSND questionnaire in Korea. Method: We applied Korean KTSND questionnaire version 2 to employees of hospital, university students and people for medical examination and promotion test. Complete data obtained from the 741 responders were analyzed. Result: The mean age of responders was 31.8 years. Among them, males were 57.8%. Current smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers were 13.8%, 12.8%, and 73.4% respectively. According to smoking status, the total KTSND scores of current smokers were significantly higher than those of ex-smokers, and of non-smokers (17.1±5.4 versus 14.3±5.5, and 12.3±5.5, p≤0.001). The total KTSND scores of males were higher than those of females, suggesting that males have a propensity for depending nicotine socially much more than females (14.3±5.7 and 11.7±5.4 respectively, p<0.001). Eight of ten questions produced significantly different scores among three different smoking groups. When current smokers were sub-classified by heavy smoking index (HSI) that represented physical nicotine dependence, we did not find a significant difference of KTSND score between low HSI group (<4) and high HSI group (≥4), This finding suggested that the psychosocial dependence might play a different role from physical nicotine dependence in smoking. Most of the non-smokers (62.5%) had an experience of harmful passive smoking especially in public place. Conclusion: Our study suggested that the KTSND questionnaire could be a useful method to evaluate psychosocial aspects of smoking. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2007; 62: 365-373)

중독성 질환으로서의 흡연

조근호,김대진 대한신경정신의학회 2009 신경정신의학 Vol.48 No.4

Nicotine is the major substance that accounts for the addictive nature of smoking. Nicotine induces neurobiological and behavioral responses through diverse neurochemical mechanisms over the central nervous system. The brain reward system, particularly the dopaminergic pathway from the ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens, is central to understanding the behavioral reinforcement underlying substance addictions such as the addiction to nicotine. Nicotine acts as an agonist provoking activation or desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in different brain areas including the brain reward system. Nicotine also indirectly influences the glutaminergic, GABAergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic neurotransmission that lead ultimately to activation of the dopaminergic pathway in the brain reward system. Chronic exposure to nicotine activates neuroadaptation and associative learning with the nicotine-related stimulus through dopaminergic or cholinergic systems, which can lead to nicotine dependence or withdrawal. In sum, the neurobiological processes described above are deeply involved in the basis of nicotine dependence and underlie the frequent failure of attempts to quit smoking. In this review we discuss the neurobiological mechanisms of nicotine addiction focusing on the roles of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Nicotine is the major substance that accounts for the addictive nature of smoking. Nicotine induces neurobiological and behavioral responses through diverse neurochemical mechanisms over the central nervous system. The brain reward system, particularly the dopaminergic pathway from the ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens, is central to understanding the behavioral reinforcement underlying substance addictions such as the addiction to nicotine. Nicotine acts as an agonist provoking activation or desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in different brain areas including the brain reward system. Nicotine also indirectly influences the glutaminergic, GABAergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic neurotransmission that lead ultimately to activation of the dopaminergic pathway in the brain reward system. Chronic exposure to nicotine activates neuroadaptation and associative learning with the nicotine-related stimulus through dopaminergic or cholinergic systems, which can lead to nicotine dependence or withdrawal. In sum, the neurobiological processes described above are deeply involved in the basis of nicotine dependence and underlie the frequent failure of attempts to quit smoking. In this review we discuss the neurobiological mechanisms of nicotine addiction focusing on the roles of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

Determinants of Nicotine Dependence in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Sim, Yun Su,Lee, Jin Hwa,Kim, Ki Uk,Ra, Seung Won,Park, Hye Yun,Lee, Chang-Hoon,Kim, Deog Kyeom,Shin, Kyeong-Cheol,Lee, Sang Haak,Hwang, Hun Gyu,Ahn, Joong Hyun,Park, Yong Bum,Kim, Yu-Il,Yoo, Kwang Ha The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2017 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.80 No.3

Background: Smoking cessation is the most powerful intervention to modify progress of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and nicotine dependence is one of the most important determinants of success or failure in smoking cessation. We evaluated nicotine dependence status and investigated factors associated with moderate to high nicotine dependence in patients with COPD. Methods: We included 53 current smokers with COPD in the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease II cohort enrolled between January 2014 and March 2016. Nicotine dependence was measured by using Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND). Cognitive function was assessed by Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Results: The median FTND score was 3, and 32 patients (60%) had moderate to high nicotine dependence. The median smoking amount was 44 pack-years, which was not related to nicotine dependence. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that high education status (odds ratio, 1.286; 95% confidence interval, 1.036-1.596; p=0.023), age <70 (odds ratio, 6.407; 95% confidence interval, 1.376-29.830; p=0.018), and mild to moderate airflow obstruction (odds ratio, 6.969; 95% confidence interval, 1.388-34.998; p=0.018) were related to moderate to high nicotine dependence. Conclusion: Nicotine dependence does not correlate with smoking amount, but with education level, age, and severity of airflow obstruction. Physicians should provide different strategies of smoking cessation intervention for current smokers with COPD according to their education levels, age, and severity of airflow obstruction.

Determinants of Nicotine Dependence in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

심윤수,이진화,김기욱,나승원,박혜윤,이창훈,김덕겸,신경철,이상학,황헌규,안중현,박용범,김유일,유광하,정인아,오연목,이상도 대한결핵및호흡기학회 2017 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.80 No.3

Background: Smoking cessation is the most powerful intervention to modify progress of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and nicotine dependence is one of the most important determinants of success or failure in smoking cessation. We evaluated nicotine dependence status and investigated factors associated with moderate to high nicotine dependence in patients with COPD. Methods: We included 53 current smokers with COPD in the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease II cohort enrolled between January 2014 and March 2016. Nicotine dependence was measured by using Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND). Cognitive function was assessed by Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Results: The median FTND score was 3, and 32 patients (60%) had moderate to high nicotine dependence. The median smoking amount was 44 pack-years, which was not related to nicotine dependence. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that high education status (odds ratio, 1.286; 95% confidence interval, 1.036–1.596; p=0.023), age <70 (odds ratio, 6.407; 95% confidence interval, 1.376–29.830; p=0.018), and mild to moderate airflow obstruction (odds ratio, 6.969; 95% confidence interval, 1.388–34.998; p=0.018) were related to moderate to high nicotine dependence. Conclusion: Nicotine dependence does not correlate with smoking amount, but with education level, age, and severity of airflow obstruction. Physicians should provide different strategies of smoking cessation intervention for current smokers with COPD according to their education levels, age, and severity of airflow obstruction.

알코올 의존과 니코틴 의존의 공동 이환

조근호,김대진 대한정신약물학회 2008 대한정신약물학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Alcohol and nicotine dependencies represent severe disorders on their own and an even worse condition when they coexist. One study found that almost 95% of alcoholics also smoked cigarettes and fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of nicotine dependence, but few therapeutic approaches exist for comorbid nicotine and alcohol dependencies because patients, caregivers, and even doctors seem to lack concern about nicotine dependence. Additionally, some clinicians believe that concomitant intervention regarding nicotine dependence might pose risks during the treatment of alcohol dependence by, for example, aggravating the symptoms of alcohol dependence or provoking relapse. However, the harmful effects of ethanol and nicotine are exacerbated when they are administered together. The prevalence and severity of some diseases, such as certain cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and diseases of the digestive tract, are increased when ethanol and nicotine are coadministered. Furthermore, recovering alcoholics often smoke more after abstaining from ethanol and experience a higher number of complications from smoking. In this review, we explore the health risks posed by alcohol and nicotine when administered concurrently and investigate the effects of additional smoking cessation therapy not only on the quitting rate but also on the alteration of drinking behavior and relapse rate of alcohol dependence in comorbid patients. In conclusion, depending on the treatment stage, smoking cessation therapy should be provided for patients motivated to quit smoking, and clinical advice should be routinely provided for patients who are not motivated to quit smoking. 알코올 의존자에서 흡연 문제는 음주 문제 못지않게 중요한 치료의 대상이다. 니코틴이 알코올과 함께 흡수되면, 알코올 의존증과 니코틴 의존증이 더욱 심각해질 뿐 아니라, 알코올과 니코틴이 신체에 미치는 영향도 더욱 악화되기 때문이다. 치료자들 중에는 흡연하는 알코올 의존자에게서 금연을 유도하면 알코올 의존 문제가 악화될 가능성이 있다고 우려하는 사람들도 있지만, 기존의 연구 결과에 따르면 금연을 한다고 해서 알코올 의존 재발률이 상승하는 것은 아니다. 그러나 알코올과 니코틴은 뇌 내에서 유사한 부위에 작용하며, 서로 상반된 작용을 하면서도 또한 동일한 결과를 초래하므로 알코올 의존과 니코틴 의존에 동시 이환된 환자를 치료함에 있어서는 두 물질의 상호 작용에 대한 고려가 필요할 것이다. 니코틴 의존이 동반된 알코올 의존자에게 금연을 위한 중재를 시행함에 있어 바람직한 중재의 시기에 대해서는 아직은 불분명한 부분이 있으며 보다 대규모의 체계화된 연구가 필요한 상태이지만, 환자의“변화 단계”에 따라 담배와 술을 동시에 끊게 할지, 시차를 두고 중재할 것인지 결정하는 것이 알코올 의존증을 재차 악화시키지 않으면서 니코틴 의존으로부터의 회복을 이끌어 낼 수 있는 효과적인 방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Work-Associated Stress and Nicotine Dependence among Law Enforcement Personnel in Mangalore, India

Priyanka, R,Rao, Ashwini,Rajesh, Gururaghavendran,Shenoy, Ramya,Pai, BH Mithun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.2

Purpose: To investigate the work associated stress and nicotine dependence among law enforcement personnel in Mangalore, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among law enforcement personnel in Mangalore, India. Demographic details, stress factors experienced at work and nicotine dependency were the variables studied. The extent of stress factors experienced at work was assessed using the Effort-Reward Imbalance scale (ERI). Nicotine dependence was measured using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST). Logistic regression was used for the statistical analysis. Results: Three hundred and four law enforcement personnel participated in the study, among whom 68 had the presence of one or more habits like tobacco smoking, tobacco chewing and alcohol use. The mean effort score was $15.8{\pm}4.10$ and the mean reward and mean overcommitment scores were $36.4{\pm}7.09$ and $17.8{\pm}5.32$ respectively. Effort/Reward ratio for the total participants was 1.0073 and for those with nicotine habit was 1.0850. Results of our study demonstrated no significant association between domains of ERI scale and presence of habits but work associated stress was associated with the presence of one or more habits. Compared to constables, head constables had 1.12 times higher risk of having a nicotine habit. Conclusions: Our study implies job designation is associated with nicotine habits. However, there was no association between work associated stress and nicotine dependence among law enforcement personnel in Mangalore.

니코틴 용량에 따른 흡연관련 요인

김현수,현승수,강광모,장준혁,곽정일 대한가정의학회 2009 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.30 No.7

Background: Recently, a variety of cigarettes which contain a low content of nicotine are on the market and the nicotine tends to be reduced continuously. However, studies have not yet fully demonstrated that low-nicotine cigarettes are subservient to quitting smoking. This study was designed to investigate the effects of the nicotine content on smoking attitudes and on the factors associated with successful smoking cessation. Methods: One hundred twenty-fi ve adult smokers, who had undergone a health examination in a general hospital, had their carbon monoxide measured after responding to the questionnaire. The items of questionnaire consisted of the duration of smoking, the age of starting to smoke, the number of attempts to stop smoking, recognition of nicotine dependence, and nicotine dependence score. Results: The subjects consisted of two groups. One group was low nicotine group and the nicotine content was lower than 0.35 ㎎ per cigarette. The other group was high nicotine group and the nicotine content was over 0.35 ㎎ per cigarette. he age was younger and duration of smoking was shorter in low nicotine group. Monthly income, last schooling and number of attempts to stop smoking were higher in low nicotine group. There was no statistical signifi cant differences between the two groups in the frequency of alcohol drinking, the age of starting to smoke, marital status, nicotine dependence, carbon monoxide concentration and recognition of nicotine dependence. Conclusion: As there was no differences in smoking habits which has infl uence on achieving quit smoking of low nicotine group, we made our conclusion that low nicotine cigarette might be unhelpful in quit smoking. 연구배경: 최근 담배의 니코틴 함량을 줄여서 판매하는 경향 이 늘어나고 있다. 하지만 소위 순한 담배라는 이미지의 저 니 코틴 및 저 타르 담배가 건강에 도움이 되지 않는다고 여러 연 구들에 의해 밝혀지고 있다. 그러나 저니코틴 담배가 금연성 공에 도움이 되는지에 대한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 니코틴 용량에 따라 금연 성공과 관련된 니코틴 의존도등의 흡연 형태를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2007년 5월 26일부터 6월 8일까지 일개 종합병원 건강 검진 환자 중 성인 남녀 흡연자 125명을 대상으로 자기기입 식 설문 조사와 호기 중 일산화탄소 농도를 측정하였다. 설문 은 성별, 연령, 최종학력, 월수입, 결혼유무, 음주횟수, 흡연기 간, 규칙적인 흡연시작 연령, 금연시도 횟수, 니코틴 용량에 따 른 니코틴 의존에 대한 인식, 니코틴 의존도(Fagerstrom test of nicotine dependence)로 구성되었다. 대상자는 니코틴 0.35 ㎎ 미만 군을 저 니코틴 담배 군으로 니코틴 0.35 ㎎ 이상 군을 고 니코틴 담배 군으로 나누어 분석하였다. 결과: 최종 연구 대상자는 125명(남자: 112명, 여자: 13명)이 었으며 그중 니코틴<0.35 ㎎군 70명(56%), 니코틴≥0.35 ㎎군 55명(44%)이었다. 두 군을 비교한 결과 니코틴 0.35 ㎎미만 군 에서 연령이 더 낮았고, 흡연기간도 더 짧았으나(P<0.05). 월 수입, 최종학력 및 금연시도 횟수의 경우는 0.35 ㎎ 미만 군에 서 더 높은 것으로 나왔다(P<0.05). 그 외에 음주횟수, 규칙적 인 흡연시작 연령, 결혼유무, 니코틴 의존도, 일산화탄소 농도 및 니코틴 용량에 따른 니코틴 의존에 대한 인식에서는 통계 적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론: 저 니코틴 담배를 피우는 군에서 금연 성공에 영향을 미 치는 흡연형태의 차이가 없는 것으로 보아 저 니코틴 담배가 금연 성공에 도움이 되지 않을 수 있다.