코어운동 Bolster의 적용자세와 움직임에 따른 체간 심부근과 운동근의 근전도 반응

이병근,김기홍,정동춘 대한운동학회 2014 아시아 운동학 학술지 Vol.16 No.2

[INTRODUCTION] The purposes of this study were to measure EMG responses of trunk deep stabilizing and mobilizing muscles by several posture and movement using unstable Bolster, and to analyze the effects of the unstable exercise instrument. [METHOD] The subjects were 15 college men. The subjects were participated supine 6 posture and movements, sitting 5 posture and movements for 20 seconds each by random order. EMG responses were measured by RMS(root mean square) on trunk deep stabilizing muscles(transversus abdominis & obliques abdominis internus, and gluteus medius), and mobilizing muscles(rectus abdominis, and rectus femoris) with surface electrode. RVS(reference voluntary contraction) were measured and analysed after standardization. Oneway ANOVA and post hoc were applied. [RESULTS] As the results of comparison about EMG responses on unstable Bolster posture and movements, there were significant difference on RMS of 4 muscles(p<0.01). RMS of supine unstable Bolster posture and Bolster movements were higher than that of non-Bolster posture on almost of muscles. On comparison among 5 sitting unstable Bolster posture and movements, there were significant difference on 3 muscles(p<0.05, p<0.01). RMS of sitting unstable Bolster tiny movements were some higher than that of non-Bolster posture on 3 muscles. [CONCLUSION] On all of 4 muscles on supine positions, and 3 muscles on sitting positions, there were significants difference on RMS of postures and movements. On supine conditions, RMS of trunk deep stabilizing muscles were relatively higher than those of mobilizing muscles on tiny movement rather than supine non-Bolster posture, but those of rectus abdominis were very higher on Bolster rolling buttocks. In case of tiny movements and exercise movements using unstable Bolster, RMS of trunk deep stabilizing and mobilizing muscles were increased about 10~40%. The future researches may include that the effects of variety posture and movements of upper and lower body to trunk deep stabilizing and mobilizing muscles, and the effects for muscloskeletal disease. [서론] 본 연구의 목적은 와위와 좌위의 자세에서 코어운동 도구인 불안정 Bolster를 적용하거나 이용하여 움직임을 수행하는 동안 체간 심부근과 운동근의 근전도 반응을 측정하여 불안정 운동 도구의 효과는 분석하는 데 있다. [방법] 본 연구에서는 남자 대학 생 15명(23.0±2.5yrs, 176.4±5.4cm, 73.1±11.0kg)을 연구대상으로 하여, 와위 평지 1가지, on-Bolster 5가지, 좌위 평지 1가지, on-Bolster 4가지 조건에 대해 각각 20초씩 무선할당하여 근전도를 측정하였다. 체간 심부근은 복횡근-내복사근과 중둔근을, 운동근은 복직근과 대퇴직근을 대상으로 표면전극을 이용하여 근활성도를 RMS로 측정하였다(LXM3208-RF, LAXTHA, Korea). 기준 수축(RVC)을 측정하고 표준화하여 분석하였다. 일원변량분석(Oneway ANOVA)을 실시하였고 post hoc을 실시하였다. [결과] 와위에서 6가지 자세 및 움직임에 대한 근전도를 비교한 결과, 4가지 근육의 RMS는 동작간 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<0.01). 대부분의 근육에서 와위 non-Bolster stable보다 on-Bolster stable과 on-Bolster tiny rocking에서 RMS가 높게 나타났다. 좌위 5가지 자세를 비교한 결과, 복횡근-내복사근, 중둔근 및 대퇴직근에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<0.05, p<0.01). non-Bolster stable보다 tiny rocking과 rolling에서의 RMS가 다소 높게 나타났다. [결론] 와위에서는 4가지 근육 모두에서, 좌위에서는 3가지 근육에서 자세와 동작 간에 RMS에 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 와위에서는 4가지 supine non-Bolster posture보다 tiny movement에서 체간 심부근은 운동근보다 상대적으로 근활성도가 더 증가하나, 운동근 중 복직근은 Bolster rolling buttocks에서 현저한 근활성도 증가가 나타났다. Bolster를 이용하여 좌위에서 미동이나 운동 동작을 수행하는 경우, 체간 심부근과 운동근의 RMS가 약 10~40% 정도 증가하였다. 향후 연구에서는 남녀 모두와 다양한 연령층을 대상으로 하여 상체와 하체의 여러 가지 자세와 동작이 다양한 체간 심부근과 운동군 등에 미치는 영향, 근관절 질환자 등을 위한 효과 등으로 적용할 수 있겠다.

만성 뇌졸중 환자의 몸통 안정화 운동이 몸통근 활성도와 배가로근 두께에 미치는 영향

이용선,백승윤,문영준 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2022 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.16 No.8

This study investigated the effect of trunk muscle activity and transverse abdominis muscle thickness after trunk stabilization exercise in chronic stroke patients. For 26 chronic stroke patients, the experimental group consisted of 13 patients in the trunk stabilization exercise group that applied the abdominal drawing-in maneuver(ADIM) and 13 patients in the control group applied only the trunk stabilization exercise. For 6 weeks, 6 intervention programs were conducted 5 times a week, 1 day, 10 times per set, for 30 minutes. The ability to control the trunk before intervention was measured using the trunk impairment scale(TIS), the muscle activity of the rectus abdominis muscle(RA) and the external oblique abdominis muscle(EOA) was measured using surface electromyography, and the thickness of the transversus abdominis muscle(TrA) was measured three times using ultrasound. In comparison of the change in TIS within the group, the experimental group showed a significant difference, and the change in trunk muscle activity was significantly different in the RA muscle and the EOA muscle in both the experimental group and the control group. The change in the thickness of the TrA muscle showed a significant difference in both the experimental group and the control group. Between groups, the experimental group significantly increased the score on the TIS compared to the control group, the activity of the RA muscle and the EOA muscle increased significantly and there was a significant difference in the thickness of the TrA muscle. As a result of this study, it is considered that the trunk stabilization exercise group to which the ADIM is applied has a better effect than the group in which only the trunk stabilization exercise is applied. In addition, it is thought that trunk stability can be improved if a trunk stabilization exercise using the ADIM is additionally performed during traditional rehabilitation treatment.

Effects of Indirect Pelvic Floor Muscle Activation Exercise Using a Pressure Biofeedback Unit on Trunk Muscle Activity in Sitting Position

정은주,오재섭 KEMA학회 2020 근골격계과학기술학회 Vol.4 No.1

Background: Exercise for pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) is an effective intervention method to reduce urinary incontinence. The PFMs maintain trunk stability by improving intra-abdominal pressure by co-contracting with the transverse abdominis (TrA), multifidus (MF), and diaphragm muscles. Purpose: This study investigated the effect of indirect PFMs activation using a pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) on trunk muscle activity in a sitting position. Study design: Cross-sectional Study. Methods: A total of 20 healthy female participants were recruited for this study. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure TrA/internal abdominal oblique (IO), MF, external abdominal oblique (EO), and rectus abdominis (RA) activity during PFMs activation. EMG was used to measure trunk muscle activity under three conditions: before exercise, immediately after exercise, and after 10 min of exercise. The mean value of trunk muscle activity under each of three conditions was analyzed by a one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. A post hoc test was used to compare significant differences between each set of conditions. Results: A significant increase in muscle activity (%maximal voluntary isometric contraction) of the TrA/IO, MF, EO, and RA was observed immediately after indirect PFMs activation exercise (p<0.01). After 10 min of PFMs activation, significant increases in TrA/IO and MF muscle activity was observed. Conclusions: These results indicate that indirect PFMs activation in a sitting position using a PBU may be beneficial for increasing stabilization of the trunk and PFMs, specifically the TrA/IO muscles.

케틀벨 스윙 시 무게와 구간별 동작에 따른 몸통 및 엉덩이 근육 활성도 비교

이정노,신윤아 한국코칭능력개발원 2023 코칭능력개발지 Vol.25 No.5

이 연구는 케틀벨 스윙 시 각 구간별 몸통 및 엉덩이 근육의 활성도 차이를 알아보고, 케틀벨 스윙 시 구간별 무게에 따른 근활성도에 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 실시되었다. 연구대상은 케틀벨 지도자 자격을 소지한 숙련자 13명으로 선정하였다. 측정자의 우세측큰볼기근, 허리부 척주세움근, 배바깥빗근, 배곧은근에 전극을 부착하여 몸통 및 엉덩이 근육의 활성도를 측정하였다. 케틀벨 스윙은 ‘스윙 전 구간, 가속 구간, 스윙 구간, 스윙 마지막 구간, 복귀 구간’ 5구간으로 구분하여 근육의 활성도를 측정하였다. 본 연구에서몸통 및 엉덩이 근육의 활성도를 케틀벨 스윙의 각 구간과 무게에 따라서 근육 별로 분석한 결과, 배곧은근과 배바깥빗근 및 큰볼기근의 활성도는 구간별 차이가 나타났으며, 스윙 마지막 구간이 다른 모든 구간보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 척주세움근의 활성도는구간별 차이가 나타났으며, 가속 구간과 스윙 구간이 스윙 전 구간과 스윙 마지막 구간, 복귀 구간보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 따라서, 케틀벨 스윙의 구간에 따른 활성도 차이는 스윙 초기에서 중간단계인 스윙 전, 가속 및 스윙 구간에서는 척주 정렬의 안정화 유지를 위해 척주세움근이 가장 높게 나타났고, 스윙 중간단계 이후에는 엉덩관절의 폄으로 인한 큰볼기근의 활성도가 점점 높아졌으며, 스윙의 마지막 부분에서는 큰볼기근의 가장 높은 활성도를 나타냈으며 몸통의 정렬 유지와 안정화를 위한 강한 복부의 수축으로인해 배곧은근과 배바깥빗근의 활성도가 함께 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 복귀 구간인 다운-스윙에서는 큰볼기근의 활성도가 다른 근육들에 비하여 높은 상태를 유지하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면, 케틀벨 스윙 운동 시 이러한 근활성도의 동원과 역할을 인지하면서 스윙 동작을 연습하도록 지도하는 것이 부정확한 스윙 동작을 예방하여 부상의 위험을 줄이고, 정확하고 효과적인 스윙 방법을 숙달하는데 있어서 더 효율적일 것으로 생각된다. This study was conducted to find out the difference in activity of trunk and hip muscles according to phase during kettlebell swing, and to find out whether there was a difference in muscle activity according to the weight during kettlebell swing. The subjects of the study were selected as 13 skilled persons with kettlebell instructor qualifications. The activities of trunk and hip muscles were measured by attaching electrodes to the gluteus maximus (GM) muscle, the lumbar erector spinae (ES) muscle, the external oblique (EO) muscle, and the rectus abdominis (RA) muscle on the dominant side of the participates. Muscle Activity was measured kettlebell swing is divided into 5 phases: pre-swing phase, acceleration phase, swing phase, terminal swing phase, and return phase. In this study, as a result of analyzing the activity of the trunk and hip muscles according to weight and phases during the kettlebell swing, the activities of the RA, EO, and GM muscle showed a difference according to phase, and the last phase of the swing showed significantly higher than all phases. There was a difference in the activity of the ES muscle according to phase, and the acceleration and swing phases were significantly higher than the pre-swing, the last of swing, and the return phases. Therefore, the activity difference according to the kettlebell swing phase was the highest in the ES muscle for stabilizing the alignment of the spine in the pre-swing, acceleration and swing phases, which are the initial to intermediate stages of the swing. After the mid-swing phase, the activity of the GM muscle gradually increased due to the extension of the hip joint. At the end of the swing, the GM muscle showed the highest activity, and the activities of the RA and EO muscles increased together due to strong abdominal contraction to maintain alignment and stabilization of the trunk. In the down-swing, which is the return section, the activity of the GM muscle remained higher than that of other muscles. Taken together, it is suggested that teaching to recognize the mobilization and role of these muscle activities during kettlebell swing exercise during practice swing movements will be more effective in preventing inaccurate swing movements, reducing the risk of injury, and mastering accurate and effective swing methods.

뇌성마비 아동의 체간 전기 자극이 대동작운동기능과 체간근 활성화에 미치는 영향

정지운,송 브라이언 병 한국장애인재활협회 2012 재활복지 Vol.16 No.1

This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of functional electrical stimulation over the trunk in improving gross motor function and trunk muscle activity in children with cerebral palsy who displayed poor trunk control. The subjects were 20 children with cerebral palsy, who were in the age of 26 to 80 months and were randomized into two groups, functional electrical stimulation and control group. Both group had neuro-developmental technique(NDT) treatments for 4 weeks, Experimental group had additional Functional Electronic Stimulator(FES) over the abdomen and posterior back muscles. The control group had additional Transcutaneous Electronic Nerve Stimulator(TENS) over the abdomen and posterior back muscles. The gross motor function and trunk muscle activity was measured before and after the program. Surface electromyography studies were used on the trunk muscles activity while they were sitting before and after treatment. Gross motor function score-Gross Motor Function Measure(GMFM) was also used to evaluate the sitting posture. The following results were obtained. First, in comparison of the changes of muscle activity before and after experiment, experimental group was increased more than control group but there was significant difference between the two groups(p<.05). Second, in comparison of change of GMFM before and after experiment, experimental group and control group were increased in the all areas, but there was significant difference in sitting areas between the two groups(p<.05). This study suggests that functional electrical stimulation showed it can affect the sitting posture ability and trunk muscle activities. Therefore, it can be useful in trunk functional rehabilitation for the children with cerebral palsy. 본 연구는 앉기 자세와 체간근 조절의 어려움이 있는 뇌성마비 아동을 대상으로 체간근육에 기능적 전기 자극 적용 후 체간근 활성량과 대동작 기능에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 연구 대상은 평균 연령이 26월 이상부터 80개월 미만인 20명의 뇌성마비 아동을 대상으로 실험군과 대조군 각각 10명씩 무작위 배정을 하였다. 실험군과 대조군은 4주간 신경발달치료를 받았고, 실험군은 복부와 배부신전근에 기능적 전기 자극 치료를 추가적으로 적용하였다. 대조군은 경피신경자극과 신경발달치료를 적용하였다. 각 대상자는 실험전과 후에 체간 활성도와 대동작 운동기능을 측정하였고, 체간근 활성도는 표면 근전도를 통해 실험 전·후 앉기 자세동안 측정하였다. 대동작 운동기능 평가는 대동작 기능평가를 통해 측정하였고, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 기능적 전기 자극이 뇌성마비 아동의 체간근 활성화에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 실험 전․후 체간근 활성화의 변화를 비교해 본 결과, 실험군의 경우 체간근육 모두 활성도가 유의하게 증가하였고,(p<.05). 또한 두 집단 간 모든 체간 근육 중 오른쪽 목신전근을 제외한 체간근육에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 둘째, 기능적 전기 자극이 뇌성마비 아동의 대동작 기능 변화에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 실험 전․후 대동작 기능평가의 변화를 비교해 본 결과, 실험군과 대조군의 모든 영역에서 점수가 증가하였고 실험군의 경우 모든 영역에서 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.05). 또한 두 집단 간 차이를 비교한 결과 앉기 영역에서만 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 이와 같은 결과로 볼 때, 뇌성마비 아동의 체간 기능적 전기 자극치료는 체간근 활성도와 대동작 기능에 치료적 효과를 제시하고 있으므로 뇌성마비 아동의 근 활성도 그리고 기능적 움직임 발달을 위한 재활치료서 적절하게 활용될 수 있다.

진동을 이용한 몸통 근력 운동이 몸통근 두께와 균형에 미치는 영향

조운수 ( Woon-su Cho ),박치복 ( Chi-bok Park ),임재헌 ( Jae-heon Lim ) 대한물리의학회 2017 대한물리의학회지 Vol.12 No.2

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to verify the effect of trunk strengthening exercise using oscillation by comparing trunk muscle thickness, as well as balance of healthy adults during exercises performed with an oscillatory device and non-oscillatory device. METHODS: Twenty-two participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the trunk strengthening exercise using oscillation (TSEO) group (n=11) or the trunk strengthening exercise using non-oscillation (TSEN) group (n=11). Subjects in all groups performed the exercises three days per week for 6 weeks. All subjects performed four types of exercises: pull over, seated twist, power push, and diagonal power plank. Trunk muscle thickness of the rectus abdominis (RA), internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), transverse abdominis (TrA), and multifidus (MT) were measured with an ultrasonography. The balance ability were evaluated using the Romberg test with eyes open, eyes closed, one-leg standing test (OLST), and limits of stability (LOS). All tests were performed before the intervention, as well as after 6 weeks and 8 weeks of exercises. RESULTS: There was a significant difference of RA, IO, TrA, and MT according to the main effect of the time (p<.05). There was a significant difference of IO and LOS according to interaction effect between the time and group (p<.05). CONCLUSION: As intended, the cyclic forces induced by the oscillating device did increase trunk muscle thickness. However, the effect was limited and significant only for the IO muscle. Combining trunk strengthening exercise with oscillation appears to be more effective in improving dynamic balance.

필라테스 호흡이 체어 동작에서 몸통 안정화 근육의 활성도에 미치는 영향

백경민,이수빈,전민아,조은별,진희수,한지수,이나경 대한통합의학회 2022 대한통합의학회지 Vol.10 No.4

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the changes in the muscle activity of the trunk stabilizer muscles before and after incorporating Pilates breathing during three types of Pilates chair exercises. Methods: This study included 33 healthy men and women in their 20’s; they were recruited according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. sEMG was used to measure the changes in the muscle activity in the internal oblique/transverse abdominis, rectus abdominis, and erector spinae during the three types of Pilates chair movements (footwork, twist footwork, and bridging) without and with the Pilates breathing integration. The muscle activities of the trunk stabilizers between without and with Pilates breathing were statistically analyzed and compared. Results: The internal oblique/transverse abdominis showed an increase and a significant difference in the muscle activity in all three movements of footwork, twist footwork, and bridging after the Pilates breathing integration (p<.001). The muscle activity of the rectus abdominis (p<.05) and the erector spinae (p<.05) also increased and showed a significant difference after the Pilates breathing incorporation, except in the bridging movement for the erector spinae. The increase in the rate after integrating Pilates breathing was relatively greater in internal oblique/transverse abdominis than in other muscles. Conclusion: When Pilates breathing was applied, the activities of the trunk stabilizer muscles increased significantly and immediately in all three movements of Pilates chair footwork, twist footwork, and bridging. This means that the use of breathing is expected to have a positive and immediate effect on the activation of trunk stabilizers, thus indicating that it can possibly be an effective re-enforcing tool to promote trunk stability when it is integrated to the Pilates chair exercise. Incorporating Pilates breathing also seemed to have a tendency to activate the deep trunk stabilizer muscles more than the superficial stabilizer muscles.

The Effects of Unicycle Exercise on Trunk Muscle Thickness

Ah-young Choi,Chi-bok Park 대한스포츠물리치료학회 2019 정형스포츠물리치료학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of unicycle exercise on trunk muscle thickness. Methods: A total of 30 university students were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=15) and the control group (n=15). In the experimental group, unicycle exercise was performed for 50 minutes, 3 times per week, and a total of 10 weeks. In the control group, trunk muscle strengthening exercises were performed during the same period. To investigate the trunk muscle thickness of the subjects, ultrasound imaging was used to measure the external oblique muscle, internal oblique muscle, transverse abdominis, and multifidus. Results: As a result, it was found that there was a significant difference between groups and between preand post-tests in the external oblique , transverse abdominis, and multifidus muscles. In the internal oblique muscle, there was a significant difference between pre- and post-tests, but not between groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the unicycle exercise increased trunk muscle thickness. This result can be suggested as basic data for the effect of the unicycle exercise on abdominal and back muscle contraction.

The Effects of Bridge Exercise with One Hip Joint Adduction on Trunk Muscle Thickness

( Jae-cheol Park ),( Dong-kyu Lee ) 대한물리치료학회 2020 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.32 No.6

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the effects of bridge exercise with resistance to one hip joint adductor muscle on the thickness of external and internal oblique abdominal muscles, transversus abdominis muscle, and erector spinae muscle. Methods: The subjects were divided into two exercise groups: 15 for Bridge Exercise Group (BEG) and 15 for One Hip joint Adduction Bridge Exercise Group (OHABEG). The study used an ultrasonic instrument to measure trunk muscle thickness. OHABEG performed a bridge exercise with one hip Joint adduction. BEG performed a bridge exercise without resistance. Results: The external oblique abdominal, internal oblique abdominal, and the transversus abdominis muscles showed a significant increase by period and time in intra-group interactions (p< 0.05), while there was no significant difference in inter-group changes (p >0.05). The erector spinae muscle had a significant increase in each period (p< 0.05) but no significant difference in time, intra-group interactions, and in inter-group changes (p >0.05). Conclusion: These results demonstrated that bridge exercise with one hip joint adduction had positive effects on trunk muscle thickness. These results confirm that a bridge exercise with one hip joint adduction has a positive effect on the muscle thickness of trunk, suggesting the possibility of using it as a rehabilitation treatment for a lumbar stabilization exercise and as a basic data.

PNF 패턴에서 각도에 따른 Normal Timing의 적용이 체간 근육활성에 미치는 영향

김경환,윤혜진,박성훈,임진우,Kim, Kyung-Hwan,Youn, Hye-Jin,Park, Sung-Hun,Lim, Jin-Woo 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2015 PNF and Movement Vol.13 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of normal timing according to angular motion in PNF patterns on electromyography (EMG) activity in rectus abdominis, internal oblique abdominal muscle, external oblique abdominal muscle, and erector spinae. Methods: Ten healthy adults volunteered to participate in this study. The participants were required to complete following two PNF extremity patterns; upper extremity extension- adduction-internal rotation pattern with $180^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and lower extremity flexion- adduction-external rotation pattern with $0^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$. A paired t-test was used to determine the influence of the two PNF patterns on muscle activity in each muscle. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the ratio of local muscle activity to global muscle activity. Results: In terms of their effect on applied normal timing, the upper and lower extremity pattern significantly affected the rectus abdominis, internal oblique, external oblique, and erector spinae (p < .05). The upper extremity pattern (at an extension angle of $30^{\circ}$) and the lower extremity pattern ((at a flexion angle of $90^{\circ}$) influenced the rectus abdominis, internal oblique, external oblique, and erector spinae (p < .05). Conclusion: The effect of the upper and lower extremity patterns on applied normal timing was significant in that these patterns increased trunk muscle activation. The upper extremity pattern (at an extension angle of $30^{\circ}$) and the lower extremity pattern (at a flexion angle of $90^{\circ}$) increased trunk muscle activation. Normal timing is required to increase trunk muscle strength and extremity movement.