개심술 환자에서의 면역기능의 변화;T lymphocyte subset의 변화에 대한 고찰

황재준 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1992 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.25 No.11

Cell mediated immunity is depressed following surgical procedure and the degree of immunosuppression is directly related to the magintude of the procedure, blood transfusion, and length of operation. So we would expect cardiac operations to be highly immunosuppressive, although little is konwn about their immunosuppressive effect. The nearly complete consumption of complement factors and decreased levels of IgM and IgG resulting in an impaired opsonizing capacity. Additionally, peripheral blood mononuclear cell counts including T-and B-lymphocytes and T-cell subsets are reduced. Depression of cell-mediated immunity following open-heart surgery is potentially detrimental because it could increase the susceptability of patients to viral and bacterial infection. We reviewed 20 patients after cardiac operation to search for changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets. Lymphocyte subsets were measured by flow cytometer and the preoperative values of lymphocyte subsets were compared with those from the first, fourth, and seventh days after operation. After cardiac operation, total mumbers of T lymphocyte was severely depressed on the first postoperative day and returned to the preoperative level by the seventh day after operation. CD3, CD4, and CD8 lymphocytes were decreased on the first postoperative day and returned to the preoperative level by the seventh day also. There was four cases of wound infection and these patients had increased CD4 lympocyte and more decreased CD19 lymphocyte compared with the non-infected group. It is concluded from these data that cell-mediated immunity is significantly depressed for at least one week following open-heart surgery and this result was closely related to the postoperative infection.

베체트병 환자의 말초혈액에서 T 림프구의 아형과 T 림프구의 혈관 내피세포에 대한 유착

김희성,방동식,이광훈 ( Hee Sung Kim,Dong Sik Bang,Kwang Hoon Lee ) 대한피부과학회 1997 대한피부과학회지 Vol.35 No.5

Background: Behcets disease represents a polysymptomatic, recurrent vasculitis' with a chronic course. Its etiology and pathogenesis still remains unclear. Several immunological abnormalities have been described in this disease and altered cell mediated immunity especially has been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis. Recently, suppressor-inducer (naive, CD4-CD45RA+ ) and helper-inducer (memory, CD4-CD45RO+) human T cell subsets have been identified by their relevant monoclonal antibodies. It has heen suspected that human dermal microvascular endothelial cells(HDMEC) are an important part in the pathogenesis of Behcets disease. However, there was no report for HDMEC-T lymphocyte adhesion in Behcets disease, Objective : We have investigated the subpopulation differences in CD4- T lymphocytes and the adhesiveness of T lymphocytes to cultured HDMEC in the presence of IL-1a, or TNF-a using T lymphocytes isolated from normal human subjects and Behcets disease patients respectively. Methods : T lymphocyte subsets were evaluated by the two-color immuno-fluorescence flow cytometric analysis using anti CD4-, CD8-, CD45RA- and CD45RO monoclonal antibodies. The binding assay of T lymphocytes to HDMEC was performed before and after stimulating HDMEC with IL-la or TNF-a. Results : 1. The number of CD4- T cells and the CD4+ to CD8+ ratio decreased in patients with Behcets disease compared to normal controls. 2. In the CD4+ T cell subpopulation, there was a significant decrease in the CD4+CD45RA+cell number with a slight increase in the CD4+ CD45RO+ cell number. 3. After stimulating HDMEC with IL-la and TNF-a, the degree of T lymphocyte-HDMEC adhesion generally increased in an E:T ratio dependent, manner in patients with Behcets disease compared to normal controls. 4. Increased binding of CD4+ CD45RA+ naive T lymphocytes and CD4+CD45RO+ memory T lymphocytes to HDMEC was induced after stimulation with IL-1a and TNF-a in both patients and normal controls. The increasing rate was higher in Behcets disease patients than in normal controls. There was no difference in T lymphocyte-HDMEC adhesion between memory and naive T lymphocytes. Conclusion : From these findings it can be postulated that the decrease in the CD4+CD45RA+ count may lead to the inactivation of CD8 suppressor cells resulting in abnormal immune suppression shown in Behcets disease. Proinflammatory cytokines may also play an integral role in the pathogenesis of Behcet's disease by activating endothelial cells increasing the interaction between T lymphocytes and endothelial cells. Increasing the interaction between T lymphocytes and HDMEC may be indirect evidence of activation of cell-mediated immunity. (Korean J Dermatol 1997;35(5): 883-892)

Factors influencing lymphocyte reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children

Keun Wook Bae,Bo Eun Kim,고경남,임호준,서종진 대한혈액학회 2012 Blood Research Vol.47 No.1

Background Immune reconstitution (IR) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) reduces transplantation-related complications such as infection and improves HSCT outcomes. Methods We retrospectively analyzed IR of lymphocyte subpopulations in 38 pediatric patients for hematologic malignant diseases after allogeneic HSCT from April 2006 to July 2008. T-cell-, B-cell-, and natural killer (NK) cell- associated antigens were assayed in peripheral blood by flow cytometry analysis of 5 lymphocyte subsets, CD3+, CD3+/CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, CD16+/CD56+, and CD19+, before and 3 and 12 months after transplantation. Results Reconstitutions of CD16+/CD56+ and CD3+/CD8+ lymphocytes were achieved rapidly, whereas that of CD3+/CD19+ lymphocytes occurred later. Age was not related to reconstitution of any lymphocyte subset. Total body irradiation (TBI) and anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) administration were related to delayed reconstitution of total lymphocytes and CD3+ lymphocytes, respectively. Reconstitutions of CD3+/CD4+ lymphocytes and CD3+/CD8+ lymphocytes were significantly delayed in patients who received umbilical cord blood stem cells. In patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), recovery of the total lymphocyte count and CD19+ lymphocytes at 3 months post-transplant were significantly delayed. However, acute GVHD (aGVHD) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation did not influence the IR of any lymphocyte subset. Further, delayed reconstitution of lymphocyte subsets did not correspond to inferior survival outcomes in this study. Conclusion We observed that some lymphocyte reconstitutions after HSCT were influenced by the stem cell source and preparative regimens. However, delayed CD19+ lymphocyte reconstitution may be associated with cGVHD.

Helicobacter pylori 감염 소아에서 위점막 면역반응

염혜원,서정완 대한소아청소년과학회 2008 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.51 No.5

Purpose:Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common gastrointestinal infections worldwide; it almost invariably causes chronic gastritis. Pediatric studies may provide important insights into the mucosal immune response of H. pylori-infection, as children are not submitted to environmental factors such as alcohol, tobacco and anti-inflammatory medication. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mucosal immune response against H. pylori in clinically well-defined groups: H. pylori-positive (divided into peptic ulcer disease and gastritis) and H. pylori-negative control. Methods:Antral biopsies were obtained from 45 children undergoing an upper GI endoscopy for dyspeptic symptoms. T cells (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+) and B cells (CD20+) were analyzed by quantitative immunohistochemistry. The correlation of lymphocyte subsets of gastric mucosa with histology was evaluated. Results:T cells (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+) and B cells (CD20+) were significantly increased in the lamina propria of H. pylori-positive group (P<0.01). CD8+ T cells were significantly increased in the lamina propria of the H. pylori-positive peptic ulcer disease (P<0.01). Within the epithelium, only CD4+ T cells were significantly increased in the H. pylori-positive group (P<0.01). Gastric histological parameters had a closer correlation with lymphocytes in the lamina propria than intraepithelial lymphocytes. Conclusion:This study suggests that both T cells and B cells in the lamina propria play important roles in the local immune response of H. pylori-infected children. Furthermore, it remains to be elucidated whether CD8+ T cells in the lamina propria may contribute to peptic ulcer formation in H. pylori-infected children. (Korean J Pediatr 2008;51:492-499) Purpose:Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common gastrointestinal infections worldwide; it almost invariably causes chronic gastritis. Pediatric studies may provide important insights into the mucosal immune response of H. pylori-infection, as children are not submitted to environmental factors such as alcohol, tobacco and anti-inflammatory medication. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mucosal immune response against H. pylori in clinically well-defined groups: H. pylori-positive (divided into peptic ulcer disease and gastritis) and H. pylori-negative control. Methods:Antral biopsies were obtained from 45 children undergoing an upper GI endoscopy for dyspeptic symptoms. T cells (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+) and B cells (CD20+) were analyzed by quantitative immunohistochemistry. The correlation of lymphocyte subsets of gastric mucosa with histology was evaluated. Results:T cells (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+) and B cells (CD20+) were significantly increased in the lamina propria of H. pylori-positive group (P<0.01). CD8+ T cells were significantly increased in the lamina propria of the H. pylori-positive peptic ulcer disease (P<0.01). Within the epithelium, only CD4+ T cells were significantly increased in the H. pylori-positive group (P<0.01). Gastric histological parameters had a closer correlation with lymphocytes in the lamina propria than intraepithelial lymphocytes. Conclusion:This study suggests that both T cells and B cells in the lamina propria play important roles in the local immune response of H. pylori-infected children. Furthermore, it remains to be elucidated whether CD8+ T cells in the lamina propria may contribute to peptic ulcer formation in H. pylori-infected children. (Korean J Pediatr 2008;51:492-499)

Reference Values for a Panel of Cytokinergic and Regulatory Lymphocyte Subpopulations

Vincenzo Sorrenti,Bruno Marenda,Stefano Fortinguerra,Claudia Cecchetto,Roberta Quartesan,Giulia Zorzi,Morena Zusso,Pietro Giusti,Alessandro Buriani 대한면역학회 2016 Immune Network Vol.16 No.6

Lymphocyte subpopulations producing cytokines and exerting regulatory functions represent key immune elements. Given their reciprocal interdependency lymphocyte subpopulations are usually assayed as diagnostic panels, rather than single biomarkers for specialist clinical use. This retrospective analysis on lymphocyte subpopulations, analyzed over the last few years in an outpatient laboratory in Northeast Italy, contributes to the establishment of reference values for several regulatory lymphocytes currently lacking such reference ranges for the general population. Mean values and ranges in a sample of Caucasian patients (mean age 42±8,5 years), were provided for Th1, Th2, Th17, Th-reg, Tc-reg, Tc-CD57+ and B1 lymphocytes. The results are consistent with what is found in literature for the single subtypes and are: Th1 157.8±60.3/ml (7.3%±2.9); Th2 118.2±52.2/ml (5.4%±2.5); Th17 221.6±90.2/ml (10.5%±4.4); Th-reg 15.1±10.2/ml (0.7%±0.4); Tc-reg 5.8±4.7/ml (0.3%±0.2); Tc-CD57+ 103.7±114.1/ml (4.6%±4.7); B1 33.7±22.8/ml (1.5%±0.9); (Values are mean±SD). The results show that despite their variability, mean values are rather consistent in all age or sex groups and can be used as laboratory internal reference for this regulatory panel. Adding regulatory cells to lymphocyte subpopulations panels allows a more complete view of the state of the subject’s immune network balance, thus improving the personalization and the “actionability” of diagnostic data in a systems medicine perspective.

악성 종양 환자에서 방사선 치료 전, 후의 림프구 아형 분석

최영민(Young Min Choi),김정기(Jeung Kee Kim),이형식(Hyung Sik Lee),허원주(Won Joo Hur),김정만(Jung Man Kim) 대한방사선종양학회 1996 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.14 No.3

Purpose : To evaluate the changes of differential counts and lymphocyte subsets in cancer patients' leukocyte before and after radiotherapy. Materials and Methods : From Dec. 1994 to Mar 1995, the changes of leukocyte and its subsets in 16 patients who received radiotherapy in the Dept. of Radiation Oncology of Dong-A University Hospital were investigated. Radiation was delivered from 2700 cGy to 6660 cGy with median dose of 5400 cGy. The results of pre- and Post-radiotherapy were analyzed by paired T-test. The results of patients Who received < 50 Gy and < 50 Gy were analyzed by Wilcoxon test. sResults : Before and after radiotherapy, there was not any significant differences in the counts of leukocyte, granulocyte and monocyte. A remarkable decrease was noted in lymphocyte counts after radiotherapy(p=0.015). T cells, B cells and natural killer cells were also decreased in number after radiotherapy but it was not significant statistically. 1 helper cells and T suppressor cells were also decreased in number(<0.05). The ratio of T helper<SUP>pressor cell was decreased from 1.52 to 1, 11 and it was significant statistically(p=0.016). The portion of T suppressor cell among all T cells was increased after radiotherapy (p=0.0195). No significant difference was observed in the analysis of leukocyte and its subsets between patients who received < 50 Gy and <<</SUP> 50 Gy, Conclusion : Radiotherapy caused remarkable decrease in lymphocyte count and its subsets. Among all lymphocyte subsets, T helper cell might be the most vulnerable to radiation, considering decreased ratio of T helper/suppressor cell count after radiotherapy. 목적 : 방사선 치료시 주기적으로 시행하는 말초 혈액 검사에서 백혈구 성분 중 림프구 수의 감소가 관찰되어, 저자는 방사선 치료 전, 후의 백혈구 성분 및 림프구 아형 분석을 시도하여 방사선 치료가 각 성분에 미치는 영향의 정도를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1994년 12월부터 1995년 5월까지 동아대학교병원 치료방사선과에 내원한 환자 중 16명(폐암, 담관암, 식도암 : 2예, 뇌송과체 종양, 위암, 직장암, 악성 흑색종, 안상 배세포종, 방광암, 전립선 육종, 성상세포종, 다형성교모세포종, 다발성 골전이 폐암 : 1예)을 대상으로 하였다. 방사선 치료는 2700 cGy에서 6660 cGy까지 시행하여 정중앙 총 방사선량이 5400 cGy였다. 백혈구 및 감별계산에서 방사선 치료 전과 후의 백혈구 및 림프구, 단핵구, 과립구의 절대값과 백분을을 구하였고 림프구 아형의 분석은 유세포분석기를 이용하여 총 T 세포, 총 8 세포, 조력유발 T 세포, 억제유발 T 세포, 자연살해세포 등의 절대값과 백분유을 구하였다. 방사선 치료 전후의 절대값파 백분율을 비교하였으며 조력유발T세포에 대한 억제유발 T 세포의 비(Helper/Suppressor T cell ratio)의 변화도 분석하였다. 나아가 방사선량에 따른 각 구성비의 변화 정도를 분석하여 총 방사선량과의 상관 관계를 유추하고자하였다. 결과 : 각 환자에서 방사선 치료 전후에 측정한 값의 비교에서, 백혈구와 그 구성 성분인 림프구, 단핵구및 과립구의 수는 단핵구를 제외하고는 방사선 치료 전에 비하여 감소하였으며 특히 림프구 수의 감소는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 림프구 아형인 총 T 세포, 총 B세포, 조력유발 T 세포, 억제유발 T 세포, 자연살해세포 모두 치료전에 비해 감소하였으며(p<0.05), 조력유발 T 세포에 대한 억제유발 T 세포의 비(Helper/Suppressor T cell ratio)는 방사선 치료 전 1.52에서 치료후 1.11로 감소하였고(p<0.05) 방사선량에 따른 조력유발 T 세포에 대한 억제유발 T 세포의 비의 방사선 치료 전후에 50 Gy 미만군(5명)과 50 Gy 이상군(11명)에서 각각 0.75와 0.71이었다. 결론 : 방사선 치료 후 림프구 수와 조력유발 T 세포에 대한 억제유발 T 세포의 비는 감소하였고 억제유발 T 세포의 백분율은 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로 림프구 아형 중 조력유발 T 세포가 억제유발 T 세포보다 방사선에 보다 민감한 것으로 사료된다. 본 실험에서 방사선량에 따른 림프구 성분의 변화 분석은 대상군 수가 적고 일회 분할 방사선량이나 치료 부위의 넓이, 환자의 체표 면적의 차이에 따른 제한적 요소가 있었으며 향후 보다 많은 대상군에 대한 심도 깊은 분석이 요구된다.

Single-color Multitarget Flow Cytometry Using Monoclonal Antibodies Labeled with Different Intensities of the Same Fluorochrome

박준홍,한경자 대한진단검사의학회 2012 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.32 No.3

Background: We developed a single-color multitarget flow cytometry (SM-FC) assay, a single-tube assay with graded mean fluorescence intensities(MFIs). We evaluated the repeatability of SM-FC, and its correlation with multicolor flow cytometry (MFC), to assess its application as a routine FC assay. Methods: We selected CD19, CD3, CD4, and CD8 as antigen targets to analyze a lymphocyte subset. MFIs were graded by adjusting monoclonal antibody (mAb) volumes to detect several cell populations. Dimly labeled mAb was prepared by decreasing mAb volume and the optimum diluted volume was determined by serial dilution. SM-FC repeatability was analyzed 10 times in 2 normal controls. The correlation between SM-FC and MFC was evaluated in 20 normal and 23 patient samples. Results: CV values (0.8-5.0% and 1.3-4.1% in samples 1 and 2, respectively) acquired by SM-FC with CD3-fluorescein α-isothyocyanate (FITC)dim+CD4-FITCbright and with CD19-FITCdim+CD3-FITCbright showed good repeatability, comparable to that acquired by MFC (1.6-3.7% and 1.0-4.8% in samples 1 and 2, respectively). Excellent correlation was observed between the 2 methods in the 20 normal samples (B cells, T cells, non-Thelper cells, and Thelper cells; r2=0.87, 0.97, 0.97, and 0.98, respectively; P<0.05). There were also linear relationships between SM-FC with CD19-FITCdim+CD3-FITCbright and CD8-PEdim+ CD4-PEbright, and MFC, in the 23 patient samples (B cells, T cells, Tcytotoxic cells, and Thelper cells; r2≥0.98, 0.99, 0.99, and 0.99, respectively; P<0.05). Conclusions: The multicolor, single-tube SM-FC technique is a potential alternative tool for identifying a lymphocyte subset.

운동강도에 따른 장기간 유산소성 운동이 백혈구 아형에 미치는 영향

엄우섭 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12wks of aerobic exercise with different exercise intensity on WBC subset, Healthy college-aged males(22.53±1.91yr) were participated in the maximal exercise test before(N=32) and after(N=30) 12wks of aerobic exercise. The subjects were divided into two groups; control groups(N=8), training group (N=24), Then training group was divided into three subgroups; 50%HRR(Low intensity) training group(N=8), 70%HRR(middle intensity) training group(N=8), 85%HRR(high intensity) training group(N=8). Two persons were eliminated during the training. To investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on blood immune cell ware measured at rest, Immediately after exercise and 60min recovery, Maximal exercise testing(Bruce protocol) by treadmill was used as the test protocol. VO₂max were treasured by maximal exercise testing, exercise intensity was determined for aerobic training treatment a basis of this measured values, speed and grade at 50%, 70%, 85% VO₂max and 50%, 70%, 85% of %HRR gained pre test were produced and applied. The programs of exercise groups ware aerobic treadmill exercise for 12wks, Three groups (Low, middle, high intensity) performed almost 40min, 30min, 20min per day (3days/week) by 300㎉, respectively, Venous blood were drawn at the forearm antecubital vein at rest, immediately after exercise and 60min recovery, change of immune cell were analized in venous blood. Immune cell were determined by flow cytometry for WBC subset. first, There was no significant differences of WBC among four groups, but there was significant differences before and after training and sampling time(P<.05, .001). Also, there was an interaction effects of before and after training and sampling time, second, There was no significant differences of neutrophil among four groups and before and after training in percentage and number, but there was significant differences of sampling time(P<.001). Also, there was no interaction effects. third, There was no significant differences of lymphocyte among four groups in percentage and number, but there was only significant differences before and after training in number(P<.001). Also, there was no interaction effects.

고온 환경에서의 운동 시 서로 다른 수분 보충이 엘리트 운동선수들의 염증성 사이토카인 반응 및 면역 기능에 미치는 영향

백일영 ( Il Young Paik ),윤두상 ( Doo Sang Yun ),서상훈 ( Sang Hoon Suh ),노희태 ( Hee Tae Roh ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2011 체육과학연구 Vol.22 No.3

이 연구의 목적은 고온 환경에서의 운동 시 단순 수분 및 스포츠 음료를 통한 수분 보충이 엘리트 운동선수들의 호르몬 변화, 염증성 사이토카인 반응 및 면역 기능에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 있다. 연구의 대상은 엘리트 운동선수 10명으로 하였으며, 4가지 실험 처치 조건에서 75%HRR 운동 강도로 60분간 트레드밀 달리기를 실시하였다: 1) 적정 환경에서 운동 처치 조건(TE), 2) 고온 환경에서 운동 처치 조건(HE), 3) 고온환경에서 운동 시 물 섭취 처치 조건(HW), 4) 고온 환경에서 운동 시 스포츠음료 섭취 처치 조건(HS). 기후조건은 인공기후실을 이용하여 적정 환경은 온도 18℃, 상대습도 50%로 설정하였으며, 고온 환경은 온도 32℃, 상대습도 50%로 설정하였다. 수분 보충은 물 또는 스포츠음료를 이용하여 고온 환경에서 운동 처치 조건(HE)의 운동 전, 후 체중 차와 동일한 양을 구강 투여하였다. 채혈은 안정 시, 운동 직후, 회복 60분 시점에서 실시하였다. 연구결과, 운동 직후 시점에서 epinephrine은 HE 처치가 다른 세 처치(TE, HW, HS)보다 유의하게 높았으며(p<.05), norepinephrine은 HE 처치가 TE 처치보다 유의하게 높았다(p<.05). IL-6는 운동 직후 시점에서 HE 처치가 TE 처치보다 유의하게 높았다(p<.05). TNF-α는 TE 처치를 제외한 세 처치(HE, HW, HS)에서 운동 직후 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.05). T-cell은 TE 처치를 제외한 세 처치(HE, HW, HS)에서 운동 직후 유의하게 증가하였으며(p<.05), HE 처치가 TE 처치보다 유의하게 높았다(p<.05). NK-cell은 운동 직후 시점에서 HE 처치가 TE 처치보다 유의하게 높았다(p<.05). Neutrophil은 HE 처치의 경우 운동 직후 시점에서 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.05). Lymphocyte는 TE와 HE 처치에서 운동 직후 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.05). Monocyte는 운동 직후 시점에서 HE 처치가 TE 처치보다 유의하게 높았다(p<.05). 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 고온 환경에서의 운동은 적정 환경에서의 운동 시보다 카테콜아민과 염증성 사이토카인의 분비를 증가시켜 면역기능에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 고온 환경에서의 운동 시 수분 보충은 탈수와 열적 스트레스를 경감시켜 면역기능의 부정적 영향을 완화시킬 수 있음을 시사한다. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the effects of body fluid replacement by water or sport drinks on the hormonal, inflammatory cytokine and immune responses during exercise in high ambient temperature. The subjects of the current research were 10 elite athletes. The subjects were asked to perform treadmill running at 75%HRR for 60 minutes in four different conditions, controlled by the environmental chamber: 1) thermoneutral environment (TE), 2) high ambient temperature environment (HE), 3) high ambient temperature environment and body fluid replacement by water (HW), and 4) high ambient temperature environment and body fluid replacement by sport drink(HS). Ambient temperature and relative humidity were set at 18℃ and 50%, respectively, for the theromoneutral environment, and 32℃ and 50% for the high ambient temperature environment. The amount of fluid replaced during two different fluid replacing conditions (HW and HS) were equivalent to the difference in body weight between pre and post completion of the running in HE. The defined amounts of the fluids were administered orally with separations during the exercise trials. Blood samples were taken at rest, at immediately after exercise, and at 60-minute of recovery. For catecholamine responses, the level of epinephrine immediately after exercise appeared to be significantly higher in HE compared to the other treatment conditions (p<.05), while the level of norepinephrine appeared to be significantly higher in HE compared to TE (p<.05). For cytokine responses, the level of IL-6 immediately after exercise appeared to be significantly higher in HE compared to TE (p<.05) while the levels of TNF-α were shown to significantly increase at immediately after exercise in all treatment conditions except TE (p<.05). For immune responses, the levels of T-cell were shown to significantly increase at immediately after exercise in all treatment conditions except TE (p<.05), and the level appeared to be significantly higher in HE compared to TE (p<.05); the level of NK-cell appeared to be higher at immediately after exercise in HE compare to TE (p<.05); the level of neutrophil was shown to significantly increase at immediately after exercise in HE (p<.05); the levels of lymphocyte were shown to significantly increase in TE and HE at immediately after exercise (p<.05); and the level of monocyte appeared to be significantly higher in HE compared to TE at immediately after exercise (p<.05). On the base of the results of the current study, it is suggested that exercise in high ambient temperature can induce increase responses of catecholamines and cytokines which may negatively influence on immune functions. Body fluid replacements during exercise in high ambient temperature, however, can attenuate the negative consequences of thermal stress on immune functions by preventing dehydration and reducing thermal stress.

Changes of Peripheral Lymphocytes Subsets According to Presence of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor Antibody in Children with Graves' Disease

Lee, Byung Churl,Choi, Woo Gun CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1992 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.20 No.2

Graves’ disease is considered to be an organ-specific autoimmune disease. Evidence for a decrease in suppressor T lymphocytes population and function has led to the hypothesis of an imbalance between helper and suppressor T lymphocytes as a possible pathogenic mechanism in Graves’ disease. Using monoclonal antibodies to enumerate the percentage of lymphocytes, many investigators have reported abnormalities of peripheral lymphocytes subsets, but their results are conflicting. This study was performed to investigate the changes of lymphocytes subsets in peripheral blood using monoclonal antibodies according to TSH receptor binding inhibiting immunoglobulin (TBII) in nineteen children with Graves’ disease receiving antithyroid drugs over six months. TBII positive group consists of 9 patients and TBII negative group consists of 10 patients. The percentage of B lymphocytes and helper T lymphocytes in TBII positive group was significantly increased as compared with normal control (p<0.05), but it was not different between TBII negative group and normal control. The percentage of total T lymphocytes of TBII positive and TBII negative group was not different from that of normal control. The percentage of suppressor T lymphocytes in TBII positive group was significantly decreased as compared with normal control (p<0.05), but it was not different between TBII negative group and normal control. The ratio of helper T lymphocytes and suppressor T lymphocytes in TBII positive group was significantly increased as compared with normal control (p<0.01), but it was not different between TBII negative group and normal control. In conclusion, this study suggested the abnormalities in peripheral blood lymphocytes subsets, especially lymphocytes, helper and suppressor T lymphocytes were presented in Graves’ disease with the presence of TBII and these abnormalities were returned to normal in the disappearance state of TBII.