한용운 시의 ‘숭고’ 연구 - 시집 『님의 침묵』을 중심으로 -

한용국 ( Han Yong-guk ) 한민족어문학회 2018 韓民族語文學 Vol.0 No.81

본 연구는 한용운 시에 드러난 님과의 합일에 대한 열망과 그에 대한 주체의 태도를 ‘숭고’라는 미학적 관점에서 규명해 보고자 하였다. 숭고는 최근 연구자들에 의해 시의 미학적 측면을 규명하는데 관심을 불러일으키고 있다. 이 연구에서는 첫 번째로 ‘님의 부재’라는 고통 속에서 ‘님’을 무한성의 초월적 실재로 상정하고 그 초월적 실재에 합일하려는 열망을 보여주고 있음을 살폈다. 이를 통해 강렬한 파토스로서의 숭고를 지니고 있음을 규명할 수 있었다. 두 번째로 숭고한 표상으로서의 자연인식의 양상을 살펴 자연에 숭고한 표상을 부여하는 주체의 심적 태도는 어떤 것인지를 고찰해 보았다. 주체는 자연에 숭고의 표상을 부여함으로써 ‘님’의 실재에 다가가려는 욕망을 표출하고 있음을 알수 있었으며. 님에게 자연의 숭고한 표상을 부여하는 과정에서 자신 속에 크고 높은 사유능력이 존재한다는 것을 보여주는 도정에서 체험될 수 있는 것이었음을 밝혔다. 세번째로 자유의 부정성과 숭고의 역설의 의미를 파헤쳐 보았다. 자유의 부정성과 숭고의 역설은 주체가 자유롭고 독립적인 도덕적 존재로서의 인간의 모습을 발견하고 힘과 위안을 얻으며, 모순과 불일치로부터 솟아나는 숭고한 자유를 경험할 수 있는 것임을 밝혔다. The study sought to identifty the subject desire for unity with Nim in Han Yong-un's poem from the aesthetic perspective of ‘sublime’. The ‘sublime’ has recently been attracting interest in identifying the aesthetic aspects of poetry. In this study, firstly, in the suffering of the absence of Nim's existence, we have looked at the transcendent reality of infinity and have shown that the subject shows a desire to unite in transcendental reality. through this, it was possible to identify that it possesses sublime as intense Patos. Secondly, I looked at the aspect of nature recognition as a sublime representation, and examined what kind of psychological attitude of the subject gives a sublime representation to nature. The subject was able to express its desire to approach the reality of Nim by giving nature a representation of sublime. it revealed that the subject could be experienced at a path that showed that he had a large and high capacity of reason in the process of giving ‘Nim’ a sublime representation of nature. Third, I have explored the meaning of the negativity of freedom and the paradox of spirituality. The negativity of liberty and the paradox of sublime is that the subject can discover human beings as free and independent moral beings, get strength and comfort, and experience sublime freedoms that arise from contradictions and disagreements.

Antithrombotic and Anticoagulant Components of Plants

Han, Yong-Nam 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Yong-Nam Han. Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, korea.Antithrombotic and Anticoagulant Components of Plants. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. Page 149-152, 1999.-There are many kinds of herbal drugs related to "Blood"(現血藥)in the Oriental Traditional Medicines. In order to investigate the antithrombotic and anticoagulant activities of blood related medicinal plants, we have utilized some screening methods such as intrinsic and extrinisic anticoagulant and antiplatelet activities, in vivo and in vitro. In the first study to screen the antithrombotic activity, we have measured the bleeding time(BT), the whole blood recalcification clotting time(WCT) and the plasma reclaification clotting time(PCT), successively, after orally administering an extract of a herbal medicine to rats. An intrinsic pathway anticoagulant drug should prolong all the three kinds of barometers, an extrinsic pathway anticoagulant one should prolong only BT, and antiplatelet one should prolong both BT and WCT. In the second study to isolate activ principles, we have measured in vitro the inhibitory activities on PCT, TF(tissue factor) and PA(platelet aggregation) for the intrinisic pathway anticoagulant, the extrinsic pathway anticoagulant and the antiplatelet activities, respectively. Recently, we have isolated weveral TF inhibitors(the extrinsic pathway anticoagulant) such as pubescenolic acid (20-epi-pomoli acid) from Ilex pubescens roots (毛冬靑), zivu-glycoside Ⅱ and pomoli acid from Sanguisorba officinalis roots (地楡), and compund I and X from Cinkgo biloba leaves(銀杏藥).Their anticoagulant activities were evaluated in vivo and in vitro on rat brain and lung tissue, respectively. Rat TF was measured by its procoagulant activity using one stage clotting assay method modified by us. Ziyu-glycoside Ⅱ, one of the most potent TF inhibitor was effective in vitro, but not in vivo. Thus, we prepared a derivative, named ZYM201, which strongly inhibitied the rat brain TF activity in vivo, Oral administration of ZYM201 enhanced atherosclerotic index in dietary, streptozo-tocin-induced, and alcoholic hyperlipidemic rats (unpublished data).

Three Love Poems by Han Yong-un

Han Yong-un,Kim Jai-hiun(번역자) The Academy of Korean Studies 1973 Korea Journal Vol.13 No.4

항정신병약물 사용 중인 정신분열병 환자에서 올란자판으로의 교체 방법에 관한 연구(II) : Comparison of Safety 안전성 비교

안용민,권용실,권준수,민성호,박두병,양문정,소형석,송종호,신윤식,우행원,유범희,이홍석,정한용,한창환,김용식 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.5

연구목적: 이 다기관 공동임상연구는 사용 중인 항정신병약물을 ’직접 교체 방법’또는 ’시작-감량 교체 방법’중 한 가지 방법으로 올란자핀으로 교체한 후, 안정성 측면에서 두 교체 방법 간의 비교와 교체후의 변화를 관찰하기 위한 것이다. 방법: 국내 13개 병원의 입원 및 외래에 내원한 환자들 중 ICD-10 지단기준으로 정신분열병에 해당되며, 임상적으로 항정신병약물 교체가 필요한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 두 가지 교체 방법 중 한 가지를 무작위로 피험자에 적용하였으며, ’직접 교체 방법’에 배정된 경우에는 사용중인 항정신병약물을 일시에 중단하고 10㎎의 올란자핀을 바로 투여하였고, ’시작-감량 교체 방법’에 배정된 경우는 10㎎의 올란자핀 투여하고 2주에 걸쳐서 기존 약물을 감량하여 중단하였다. 올란자핀 사용기간은 총 6주이며, 용량은 5∼20㎎ 범위로 제한하였다. 한정성 평가를 위해서 체중, 생명징후, 자발적인 이상반응 복, 실험실 검사 그리고 Simpson-Angus Scale(SAS), Barnes akathisia rating scale(BARS), Abnormal involuntary movement scale(AIMS). Liverpool University neuroleptic side effect rating scale(LUNSERS)등을 이용하였다. 결과: 총 103명의 정신분열병 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 사용한 올란자핀의 용량, 벤조디아제핀의 병용률, 탈락률과 탈락 사유, 자발적인 이상반응 보고, 생명징후, 실험실 검사 그리고 대부분의 부작용 척도 상에서 임상적으로 의미 있는 차이를 두 교체 방법간에 발견하지 못하였다. 다만 AIMS의 감소는 ’직접 교체 방법’군에서 보다 적었고, 항콜린제의 병용률은 ’시작-감량 교체 방법’군에서 보다 많았다. 기저 상태에서 전체 피험자의 SAS와 BARS 점수는 각각 3.5점과 1.8점이었으며 70% 이상의 피험자가 고프로락틴 혈증을 보였다. 올란자핀으로 교체한 후, SAS, BARS, AIMS 점수의 유의한 감소가 있었으며 고프로락틴 혈증을 보인 피험자 분율도 약 30%이하로 감소하였다. 그러나 교체 방법과 상관없이 올란자핀 교체 후 유의한 체중 증가가 있었다. 결론: 이 연구를 통해 교체 방법에 관계없이 비교적 안전하고 용이하게 올란자핀으로 교체 할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 기존 항정신병약물을 올란자핀으로 교체함으로써 일부 부작용들을 줄일 수 있음을 간접적으로 관찰할 수 있었다. 하지만 이 연구는 여러 제한점과 문제점을 지니고 있기 때문에 보다 체계적인 연구를 통해 검정이 필요하리라 생각된다. Objectives: This multicenter clinical trial involving 13 hospital sites compared the safely of switching to olanzapine between ’direct switching method’ and ’start-tapering switching method’. Method: This study included both inpatients and outpatients who fulfilled the criteria for schizophrenia as defined in the ICD-10, and were in need to be appropriate for switching antipsychotics. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two switching methods. For ’direct switching method’group, previous antipsychotics were abruptly discontinued and 10㎎ of olanzapine was administered, and previous antipsychotics was gradually tapered for 2 weeks. Olanzapine was used for 6 weeks and the dose was adjusted within the range of 5-20㎎. The safety of switching to olanzapine was measured with vital sings including body weight, adverse events reported spontaneously, laboratory tests, and various scales such as Simpson-Angus Scale(SAS), Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale(BARS). Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS), and Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale(LUNSERS). Results: 103 patients were switched to olanzapine in this study. The comparison between two switching methods did not show any significant difference in the dosage of olanzapine used, the concomitant use of benzodiazepine, the rate and reasons of drop-out, the adverse events, vital signs, laboratory tests, and most scales for measuring side-effects. However, the decrease in AIMS scores was significantly lower in ’direct switching method’ group, and the concomitant use of anticholinergics was comparatively greater in ’start-tapering switching method’ group. At baseline, SAS and BARS scores were 3.5 and 1.8 points respectively, and more than 70% of the subjects showed hyperprolactinemia. After switching to olanzapine, SAS, BARS, and AIMS scores were significantly decreased and the proportion of the patients with hyperprolactinemia was also decreased to less than 30%. However significant weight gain after the treatment of olanzapine was observed regardless of switching method. Conclusion: This study may suggest that switching to olanzapine can be done with relatively high safety regardless of switching methods and olanzapine can significantly decrease some side-effects induced by other antipsychotics.

EXPERIMENTS ON THE INTERACTION OF WATER SPRAYS WITH POOL FIRES

Han,Yong-Shik,Kim,Myung-Bae,Shin,Hyun-Dong 한국화재소방학회 1997 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.-

A series of measurements and visualization to investigate the interaction of water sprays with pool fires is presented. Fire source is a small-scale pool burner with methanol, ethanol and gasoline. Measurements of temperatures, <TEX>$O_2$</TEX>, <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX>, and CO concentrations along the plume centerline are carried out to observe pool fire structures without water sprays. Visualization by the Ar-ion laser sheet shows flow pattern of droplets of the sprays above the pool fires. It is observed that in the case of methanol and ethanol, water sprays continuously penetrate into the center of fuel surfaces. The gasoline pool fire allows intermittent penetration of water sprays because of pulsating characteristics of the gasoline flame. To evaluate the cooling effect of the fuel surface by the sprays, the temperature was measured at the fuel surface. As soon as the mists reach the fuel surface of methanol and ethanol, the temperatures of the fuel surface decrease rapidly below the boiling point, and then the fires are extinguished. Due to the application of mist upon the gasoline fire, though the fuel temperature decrease abruptly at the time of the injection, such a rapid decrease do not continue till the extinction point.

Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Al–25Cr–5Si (at%) Alloy Powder Using Gas-Atomization and SPS Process

Yong‑Ho Kim,Hyo‑Sang Yoo,Jeong‑Han Lee,Ik‑Hyun Oh,Hyun‑Kuk Park,Hyeon‑Taek Son 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7

In order to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties on Al–25Cr–5Si (at%) alloy, a mixed powder with pureelements and an alloy powder using a gas atomization process were used. Fine and high purity Al–25Cr–5Si (at%) alloypowder was successfully prepared by gas atomization and densified using a spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The overallpowder size distribution of the mixed Al, Cr, and Si elemental powders was in the range of 10–15 μm. The atomized Al–Cr–Sialloy powder was fine and spherical in morphology and difficult to be formed by intermetallic formation. Densification wasclearly confirmed at 1000 °C, with almost isolated pores formed, by clear removal of pores between particles, deformationof particles, an increase in the number of contacts, and a change in size between particles. As a result of XRD analysis ofthe sintered compacts, single phase was observed using the mixed powder, but the compact using gas atomization remainedthe alloy phase even at the process temperature. The Vickers hardness of the compacts by mixed powder was observed at59.70 Hv and the compact using gas atomized powders on the temperature 1000 °C of the Vickers hardness increased to702.6 Hv. The compressive yield strength of the compact with mixed powder was 195.24 MPa and the compressive strengthof the compact with gas atomized powder increased to 802.07 MPa. It is considered not to be decomposed by the AlCrSi,Al13Cr4Si4and Al8Cr5phases sintering process, resulting from the improvement of mechanical properties.

IMF와 관련된 스트레스로 신경정신과를 방문한 환자들의 사회정신의학적 특징

한선호,한상우,정한용 순천향의학연구소 1998 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.4 No.2

Object : The objective of this study was to evaluate how IMF in Korea influenced the Korean in the psycho-social and neuropsychiatric aspects. Method : First, authors compared the number of the patients who had admitted in Seoul Soonchunhyang university hospital and Chun-an Soonchunhyang hospital between the period of January to September 1997(before IMF), and January to September 1998(after TMF). Second, authors evaluated the demographic factors and clinical characteristics of 84 patients who complained psychiatric symptoms induced by IMF related stresses. Results First, the number of stress related patients after IMF was more than before IMF(increased 31%), which suggests that IMF is the stressor of the people enough for psychiatric intervention. Second, IMF plays the role of the various stressors to Koreans (i.e, unemployment, retirement, economic loss, decreased incomes, familial conflicts, change of residence, urge to unemployed, etc) Third, IMF affects not only the urban clerical workers and merchants' employment and economic state but also the rural farmer and stock-farmers' economic state. Conclusion : IMF affects the Koreans' mental health in various aspects. So, it is important and urge to analyze and solve the IMF stresses which affect Koreans' mental health by psychosocial & community health approach.

Molecular subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer: understanding of subtype categories and clinical implication

Yong‑Moon Lee,Man Hwan Oh,Jai‑Hyang Go,Kyudong Han,Song‑Yi Choi 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.12

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous entity that encompasses several subtypes with distinct molecular characteristics. The patients with TNBCs show unpredictable response to the chemotherapy, and further there is the lack of effective agents. Thus, many studies have been underway to discover targeted therapy suitable for patients with specific genetic alterations in each molecular subtypes. TNBCs are classified as four major molecular subtypes according to the gene expression patterns. These are luminal androgen receptor (LAR), mesenchymal-like, immunomodulatory (IM), and basal-like types. Conclusion: Here, we discuss the unique molecular features of each subtype as well as promising targets for anti-cancer therapy.

미완성의 사전 : 『 한국작곡가사전 1 』

허영한 한국음악사학회 1996 韓國音樂史學報 Vol.16 No.1

InP/InGaAs HPT's 제작을 위한 ITO/n^+-InP 옴 접촉 특성연구

황용한,한교용 영남대학교 공업기술연구소 2001 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.29 No.1

The use of a thin film of indium between the ITO and the n+-InP contact layers for InP/InGaAs HPTs was studied without degrading ifs excellent optical transmittance properties. ITO/n+-InP ohmic contact was successfully achieved and the specific contact resistance of about 6.6×10-4Ω㎠ was measured by use of the transmission line method (TLM), The DC characteristics of InP/InGaAs HPTs with ITO emitter contacts was compared with that of InP/InGaAs HBTs with the opaque emitter contacts.