압저항형 스마트 실리콘 압력 센서의 설계

정후민,신윤권,조상복,이종화 울산대학교 2001 공학연구논문집 Vol.32 No.2

압저항형 스마트 실리콘 압력 센서를 0.6 ㎛ 이중 폴리 실리콘 이중 금속 CMOS 공정으로 구현하기 위하여 설계하였다. 이 스마트 실리콘 압력 센서는 압저항형 저항기들로 된 휘스톤 브리지를 갖는 다이아프램과 op-amp, A/D 변환기, 및 UART 회로 등의 주변회로 들로 구성되어 있다. 브리지 회로의 출력 전압과 압력에 의한 기계적 응력 사이의 관계를 COSMOS-M 상용프로그램으로 다이아프램의 응력 분포를 모의실험하여, 압저항기의 최적의 위치와 크기에 대한 연구를 하였다. CMOS op-amp 회로는 규정된 출력 특성을 얻기 위하여 크기가 다른 트랜지스터들로 설계하여 HSPICE로 모의실험하여 최적화 시켰다. A/D 변화기 회로는 가능한 칩 면적을 줄이기 위하여 서브 레인징 기법과 신경 MOSFET 구조를 이용하여 설계하였다. UART회로는 VHDL 소스 코드와 셀 라이브러리를 이용하고 Synopsys로 합성하여 설계하였다. 회로의 물리적 레이아우트 설계는 Mentor 틀로 설계하였다. 그러나 온도보상회로와 출력오프셋 문제는 아직 해결하지 못하고 다음에 연구할 예정이다. A piezoresistive smart silicon pressure sensor is designed to implement with 0.6 ㎛ double-polysilicon double-metal CMOS precess. This smart pressure sensor is composed of a diaphragm with piezoresistive resistors' Wheatstone bridge and the peripheral circuitry of op-amp, A/D converter and UART. The relationship between the output voltage of the bridge circuit and the mechanical stress by applied pressure was studied by simulating the stress distribution on the diaphragm with COSMOS-M package program to optimize the size and position of piezoresistors. The CMOS op-amp circuit was designed with different CMOS transistor sizes to obtain the defined op-amp output characteristics and simulated with HSPICE. The A/D converter was designed using neuron MOSFET structure and sub-ranging method to minimize the chip area. The UART circuit was designed by using VHDL source code and cell library and by synthesizing with Synopses and the physical layout of the circuit was designed with Mentor tools. The problems for temperature compensation and the output voltage offset were not yet considered.

스타트 블록의 각도에 따른 하지의 각운동량 분석

신성휴,김태완,권문석,고석곤,박기자 한국운동역학회 2004 한국운동역학회지 Vol.14 No.3

S. H. SHIN, T. W. KIM, M. S. KWON, S. G. GO, K. J. PARK. Analysis of the angular momentum on the lower extremity by change of starting block angles. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 165-175, 2004. The aim of this study is to show the effect of starting block angle on the starting motion of sprinters using a crouching start. After installing starting blocks on forced platform, and having four highly comparative sprinters use the starting blocks, I analyzed the angular momentum of a crouching start. From the results of the analysis, the following conclusions could be drawn: There were differences of angular momentum both in body's X, Y, and Z axes and in the thighs' X axes, but not in the pelvis and lower legs. As to the general change of block angle, we noticed that an angular momentum for each segments was higher at an angle of 50 to 55 degrees.

천연 제올라이트에 의한 Phosphamidon 및 Fenitrothion의 흡착 특성

감상규,허철구 濟州大學校 海洋硏究所 2002 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.26 No.-

The adsorption characteristics of phosphorus insecticides(phosphamidon and fenitrothion) used in large amounts in golf course in natural zeolite(clinoptilolite) was investigated. The distribution coefficient, K_D and Freundlich constant, K_F, were higher for fenitrothion than those for phosphamidon, i.e., fenitrothion with the higher octanol-water partition coefficient(K_OW) was adsorbed the more on natural zeolite. The pesticide amount per unit mass of natural zeolite, decreased with increasing temperature but independent of pH, regardless of pesticides used in this study.

제주도 한림항내 표층퇴적물 중의 부틸주석화합물의 분포

감상규,김현정,허철구,최영찬,이민규 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.7

Butyltin compounds (BTs), namely tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT), were measured in surface sediments collected in 2001 inside Hallim Harbor where a lot of shipping occurs as one of major harbors of Jeju Island, in order to evaluate their distribution. BTs were detected in surface sediments of all stations and their concentrations were comparable to those in surface sediments of other sites of domestic and foreign countries. The main species among BTs was MBT, although there was a little difference with a survey site. No correlations were obtained between organic matter or particles size of surface sediments and total BTs, indicating that these factors did not affect on the distribution of BTs. It was estimated that more complex factors including BTs loads and surrounding sedimentary environments, affected on the distribution of BTs. The high correlations between BTs indicated that DBT and MBT were mainly degraded from TBT based on antifouling paints of vessel etc. and other sources, such as DBT and MBT, could be ignored. The butyltin degradation indexes ([DBT] + [MBT]/[TBT]) were in the range of 1.5~3.3 (mean 2.5), indicating that the parent compound, TBT, were inflowed into the surface sediments a long years ago and degraded.

양이온 고분자전해질의 수중 입자의 응집에 미치는 교반강도 및 주입량의 영향

감상규,문창성,김대경,고병철,허철구 濟州大學校 海洋硏究所 2002 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.26 No.-

Using several cationic polyelectrolytes of different charge density and molecular weight as flocculants and a simple continuous optical technique(photometric dispersion analyzer, PDA), the effects of mixing intensity and polyelectrolyte dosage on flocculation of kaoline particles(35 NTU) and particles(34.7 NTU) in Kangjung reversior of heavy rainfall have been examined. The optimum mixing was obtained at the stirring of 200rpm(G= 869 s^-1). The charge density of a polyelectrolyte is important in determining the optimum dosage and in the removl of particles. The optimum dosage is less for the polyelectrolyte of higher charge density and at the dosage, the removal of particles is higher for the polyelectrolyte of higher charge density and zeta potential of particles reaches to near zero. The optimum dosage for the removal of particles should be determined by flocculation test and not be determined by the turbidity of particles in water.

165 rDNA PCR을 이용한 양수내 세균 검출

이성현,장숙진,최상준,김영숙,한호림,문대수,박영진 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2004 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.29 No.1

Background and Objectives : Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity is a significant clinical problem in obstetrics leading to infectious morbidity of both the mother and the newborn. So rapid and reliable test to detect bacteria in amniotic fluid is urgently needed. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the feasibility of using the 16S rDNA PCR to detect bacteria in amniotic fluid. Material and Method : Amniotic fluid samples from 15 pregnant women with hydramnios, preterm labor, or old age pregnancy were analysed with universal bacterial PCR. We used universal primers which amplify a DNA fragment of 16s rDNA from all known bacteria and sequenced the positive samples to identify the bacterial species, In some cases, routine bacterial culture, WBC, and CRP were studied also. Result : Three of 15 pregnant women were positive in the PCR. DNA sequencing of the PCR product detected Staphylococcus epidermidis in one case, and Streptococcus anginosus in two cases. Conclusion : The broad-spectrum bacterial 16S rDNA PCR assay, in properly controlled conditions, may provide a fast and reliable means for the detection of bacteria in amniotic fluid. 배경 및 목적 : 양수강의 미생물 침습은 산모와 신생아 양자에게 감염성 질환을 야기할 수 있어 산과학에 있어 중요한 임상적 문제이다. 따라서 양수에서 세균을 검출할 수 있는 신속하고 믿을 만한 검사가 절실히 필요하다. 이 연구의 목적은 16S rDNA PCR을 이용하여 양수에서 세균을 검출할 수 있는지 그 실행가능성을 검사하는데 있다. 대상 및 방법 : 양수과다증이나 조기 분만, 노산 등이 있는 임산부 15인의 양수 검체를 16S rDNA PCR로 분석하였다. 모든 알려진 세균의 16S rDNA 분절을 중폭할 수 있는 보편적인 시동물질을 사용하여 증폭하였고, 양성 검체를 염기순서분석하여 세균 균종을 동정하였다. 일부 환자들에서는 세균 배양검사와 WBC, CRP 검사도 함께 시행하였다. 결과 : 15명중 3명의 임산부가 PCR에 양성이었고 PCR 산물을 DNA 염기순서분석한 결과 한 환자에서 Staphylococcus edidermidis가 다른 두 환자에서 Streptococcus anginosus가 검출되었다. 결론 : 광범위 세균 16S rDNA PCR 분석은 적절히 관리된 조건 하에서 양수내 세균 검출을 위한 신속하고 믿을 만한 방법을 제공해 줄 수도 있다고 생각되었다.

황토로부터 합성한 제올라이트에 의한 Cd(Ⅱ) 및 Cu(Ⅱ) 흡착특성

감상규,홍정연,허철구,이민규 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.7

Various kinds of zeolites, such as analcime (ANA), cancrinite (CAN), Na-P1 and sodalite octahydrate (SOD) could be synthesized from Hwangto by hydrothermal reaction in a high-pressure vessel. The adsorption characteristics of Cu(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) by Hwangto and its synthetic zeolites were investigated using the chemical and electrochemical surface parameters of these adsorbents. The heavy metal adsorptivity among the adsorbents decreased in the following sequences: Na-P1 > SOD > ANA > CAN > Hwangto. This sequence was the same with the values of surface site density (Ns) of these adsorbents and was correlated inversely with the values of pHpzc (pH of the point of zero charge) and the values of Ka2(int) (intrinsic surface deprotonation constant) of the adsorbents for synthetic zeolites, i.e., the adsorbents with higher values of Ns and with lower values of pHpzc and Ka₂(int) for synthetic zeolites showed higher heavy metal adsorptivity. With increasing pH, the heavy metal adsorptivity increased greatly between pHpzc and pH 6 or 7 because of the steep increase of negatively charged sites for synthetic zeolites, but for Hwangto, it increased broadly because of slow increase of negatively charged sites based on its lower surface sites.

사회체육의 개념 및 그 실천상의 문제점에 관한 연구

임용호,김상홍 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1998 科學論集 Vol.24 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine the concept, the idea, the development of theoretical research of 'sports for all' and the problems in its practice. The major findings obtained from this study were following: First, it was found that research products in the field of sports for all were in an infant stage and the concept was used confusedly and, that problems with the scope, nature, viewpoint of sports for all were appeared. Second, It was summaried that it was emphosized as the proliferation and integration of educational function through the all of the social-life and the lifelong time, and as the public policy of preparation of the sports for all in the literatural review the theory of sports for all,. Third, it was lack of the disciplinary and scientific research methods. Based upon these findings, it was suggested that it should be taken sports for all as a social phenomena, and the scientific method should be applied more for the better understanding of human leisure and sport behavior.

입원 남성 및 여성 알코올리즘 환자의 인구학적, 임상적 및 인격적 특성비교

정원후,김성부,장기용,손진욱,박철수 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.4

저자들은 1996년 5월 1일부터 1996년 7월 15일까지 부산·경남·대구 소재의 대형정신병원과 종합병원에 입원해 있는 여성 알코올리즘을 대상으로 하고, 또한 같은 기간에 국립부곡정신병원에 입원한 남성 알코올리즘을 비교군으로 해서 사회인구학적 특성, 음주양상, 음주와 관련된 문제점, 성격 및 정신병리등을 비교하여 남녀 알코올리즘에서의 원인과 임상적 특성에서의 차이점을 알고자해서 본 연구를 하게 되었다. 저자들이 작성한 반구조화된 설문지, MAST(Michigan alcoholism screening test). Zung의 SAS(Self-rating anxiety scale)과 SDS(Self-rating depression scale). MMPI(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory), SCL-90-R(Symptom checklist-90-revision) 및 EPQ(Eysenck personality questionnaire)등의 검사도구를 이용하였고, 그 결과를 독립표본 t-test(independent-samples t-test)와 χ²-test로 검정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 여성 알코올리즘에서 남성 알코올리즘보다 더 낮은 교육 수준을 보였으며 초등학교수준 이하가 52.4%를 차지하였다. 반면에 남성 알코올리즘에서는 중학교·고등학교 수준이 76.7%였다.(p〈0.01). 2) 여성 알코올리즘에서 형제들 중에서 더 낮은 서열을 보였으며 세째딸이 1/3로 가장 많았고 다음이 외동딸로써 23.8%를 차지하였다. 반면 남성 알코올리즘에서는 장남이 46.7%였다.(p〈0.01). 3) 여성 알코올리즘이 사회경제적 수준에서 더 낮았다(p〈0,01). 4) 여성 알코올리즘의 음주시작동기는 대인관계를 위한 사교목적, 심리적 갈등이나 다른 정신적인 문제, 가족들과의 갈등 등이 비슷하게 많았다. 그러나 남성 알코올리즘에서는 대인관계를 위한 사교목적으로 음주하는 경우가 절대적으로 많았다.(p〈0.05). 5) 처음으로 음주를 시작한 연령은 여성 알코올리즘보다는 남성 알코올리즘에서 유의하게 더 어린 연령에서 시작하였다.(p〈0.001). 6) 1일 평균 음주량은 여성 알코올리즘에서 유의하게 더 적었다.(p〈0.01). 7) 금단증상경험, 알코올성 신체장애 및 음주로 인한 법적 처벌경험도 남성 알코올리즘보다는 여성 알코올리즘에서 유의하게 더 낮았다.(p〈0.05). 8) SCL-90-R에서 PSY척도에서 유의하게 여성 알코올리즘군에서 더 높았고, EPQ에서는 L척도에서 유의하게 여성 알코올리즘이 더 높았다(p〈0.05). 결론적으로 본 연구는 심리적 요인과 사회적 요인이 남녀 알코올리즘간에서 많은 차이가 있는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 여성 알코올리즘의 원인에는 심리적 또는 사회인구학적 요인이 더 밀접하게 연관이 되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. Objective : This study was designed to compare the characteristics of demographic data, clinical features, and personality in male and female alcoholics and to identify the clinically meaningful differences in the etiologies and the clinical features between the two groups. Methods : The study group was composed of 30 males and 21 females who were recruited into the impatient treatment. The researchers used self-reporting questionnaire composed of demographic data and drinking patterns, Michigan alcoholism screening test(MAST), self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) and self-rating depression scale(SDS) of Zung, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI), symptom Checklist-90-revision(SCL-90-R), and Eysenck personality questionnaire(EPQ). The differences between the two groups were tested by chi-square test and independent-sample t-test. Result : 1) Education level of the female alcoholics was significantly less than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.05) and the birth order the female alcoholics was significantly higher than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.05). 2) The level of socioeconomic status of female alcoholics was significantly lower than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.01). 3) The initial motivations of female alcoholics were mainly due to social, psychological, and intrafamilial problems while those of male alcoholics were due to social problems. There were significant difference between the two groups(p〈0.05). 4) The onset of initial drinking in female alcoholics was significantly earlier than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.001). 5) The average amount of daily drinking in female alcoholics was significantly less than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.01). 6) Withdrawal symptoms, physical disorder, and social or legal problems induced by alcohol drinking in female alcoholics were significantly less than those of male alcoholics(p〈0.05). 7) The mean scores of PSY scale of SCL90R and of L scale of EPQ in female alcoholics were significantly higher than those of male alcoholics(p〈0.05). Conclusion : Demographic and psychosocial factors differed to a significant degree between male and female alcoholism. We suggest that these factors are more important in female alcoholism than in male one in the etiologies and the clinical features. These differences are due to more complex factors rather than simple ones, thus the further evaluations are needed to elucidate the differences in the etiologies between male and female alcoholism.

Developpe derriere 수행시 하지 관절 모멘트 분석

신성휴,박기자,권문석 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyze the joint moment on lower extremity using during a developpe deerriere. Data were collected by Kwon3D, KwonGRF program. Two females professional modern dancer were participated in this experiment. Subjects performed a developpe devant in meddle heights(90 deg.). On the axes of X, Y, Z, it wsa shown that the maximum joint moment was occured in hip joint. The moments are plotted during developpe devant. The ankle muscles generate a plantar flexion moment and the knee muscles generate a flexion moment and The hip muscles generate a extension moment. So these muscles of joint were kept the balance going. There is small active turn out possible a level of the leg below the hip joint. A small amount of extra turn out can be obtained when standing because of flexion between the foot and floor which can be used to give a passive external rotation force to the whole leg and this can produce a rotation between the knee and foot. This passive external rotation can produce very damaging results. So, the most important external rotator muscles shoud be trained the adductor group of muscles at hip joint, and be done stretch before performance.