태권도 돌려차기 시 타켓 높이에 따른 근육 활성도 분석

고석곤 ( Suk Gon Go ) 대한무도학회 2010 대한무도학회지 Vol.12 No.3

본 연구는 태권도 돌려차기 시 타켓 높이가 변화됨에 따라 몸통의 균형 유지를 위해 동원되는 좌·우 복직근, 외복사근, 내복사근, 척추기립근, 광배근의 활성도를 분석하는 것이 목적이었다. 본 연구에는 태권도 대학선수 8명(신장: 176.3±2.8 cm, 몸무게: 71.5±4.9 kg, 경력: 9.2±1.3 years)이 피험자로 참여하였으며, 각 근육들의 신호를 Telemyo 900(1000㎐)를 이용하여 수집하였다. 수집된 자료들은 피험자별로 분석하여 발차기 구간별로 산출된 평균값을 통계패키지 SPSS/PC 15.0에 입력한 후 근육들의 활성도를 발차기 높이에 따라 검증하기 위하여 독립 t-test를 실시하여 도출된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 태권도 돌려차기 동작 시 1국면에서 좌 복직근, 우 내복사근, 좌 척추기립근, 우측 광배근의 평균 적분근전도 수치는 몸통 타켓에 비해 머리 타켓에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 태권도 돌려차기 동작 시 2국면에서 우 복직근, 우 외복사근, 우 내복사근, 좌 척추기립근, 우 척추기립근, 우측 광배근의 평균 적분근전도 수치는 몸통 타켓에 비해 머리 타켓에서 통계적으로 유의하게 낮게 나타났다. 셋째, 태권도 돌려차기 동작 시 3국면에서 좌 외복사근, 좌 척추기립근, 우 척추기립근의 평균 적분근전도 수치는 몸통 타켓에 비해 머리 타켓에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of muscle activity during the teakwodo round-house kicking according to two kicking height(high: head, low: body). 8 collegiate male teakwondo players(height: 176.3±2.8 cm, weight: 71.5±4.9 kg, career: 9.2±1.3 years) with the right leg as dominant were chosen. The EMG(Electromyography) signals were recorded muscle activities by telemyo 900. Using SPSS/PC 15.0 program, it calculated measurement items, mean and standard deviation. Therefore, the normalized EMG data of measurement was to compare between the taekwondo kicking height used t-test(p<.05). The results of this study were as follows. 1. The left side of rectus abdominis, erector spinae and right side of inernal oblique activity were significantly greatest at the high kicking height In the 1 phase during the round-house kicking. 2. The right side of rectus abdominis, ineranl and external oblique, erector spinae, latissimus dorsi and the left side of erector spinae activity were significantly greatest at the low kicking height In the 2 phase during the round-house kicking. 3. The left side of external oblique, erector spinae and the right side of erector spinae activity were significantly greatest at the high kicking height In the 3 phase during the round-house kicking.

남자 멀리뛰기 경기력별 마지막 스트라이드와 발 구름동작에 대한 운동학적 분석

고석곤(SeukKonKo) 한국체육학회 2009 한국체육학회지 Vol.48 No.5

본 연구는 멀리뛰기시 도움닫기부터 발구름 동작시까지의 운동학적 요인들을 분석하는데 있다. 이 연구를 위해 운동학적 자료가 비디오 카메라를 이용하여 수집되었다. 모든 피검자들은 기록의 차이에 의하여 상, 중, 하 집단으로 나누었다. 이 분석은 마지막 스트라이드에서 부터 발구름 동작에 까지로 하였다. 데이터는 차단 주파수 6.0Hz로 설정하여 fourth-order Butterworth 방법을 이용하여 정제되었다. 각각의 분석한 운동학적 변인들은 세 집단간의 특성을 비교하여 이용되었다. 결론은 다음과 같다. 1) 기록이 우수한 집단일수록 마지막 도움닫기에서 짧은 스트라이드 길이와 발구름에서 무게중심의 큰 수직 변위가 나타났다. 2) 기록이 우수한 집단일수록 발구름 동작시 무게중심의 수평 속도의 작은 변화가 나타났다. 3) 기록이 우수한 집단일수록 도움닫기에서 짧은 스트라이드 길이의 효과로서 큰 도약각이 나타났다. 결론적으로 발구름 동작에서 도약각이 증가한다. 그러므로 기록을 증대시키기 위해서는 그들 스스로의 자세에 따라 적절한 길이의 도움닫기 스트라이드 길이를 조절해야 될 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic factors during the transition from approach to takeoff in the long jump. For this study, kinematic data were collected using video camera(60Hz). All the subjects divided into three groups(High, Middle, Low group) to the difference of recorder. The analysis phase restricted from the last stride approach landing to the takeoff motion. Coordinate data were filtered using a fourth-order Butterworth method with cutoff frequency of 6Hz. Each analyzed kinematic variables was used to compare features between three groups. The conclusions were as follows; 1) The high group showed a shortly stride length in the last approach phase and a big vertical displacement of the center of gravity(COG) in the takeoff phase. 2) The high group showed a small change in the horizontal velocity of the center of gravity(COG) during the takeoff phase. 3) The high group showed a big projection angle as the effect of a shortly stride length at the approach phase. When the stride length of the approach is short, the trunk angle and the body angle are close to the vertical axis during the take-off motion. Consequently, At the instant of takeoff increase the projection angle. Therefore, For the improve of the recorder, it was represented that the subjects adjust the stride length of the approach to pertinent length according to themselves' stature.

근수축에 따른 전기역학적 지연에 관한 연구

고석곤(Ko Seok-Gon) 한국체육과학회 2009 한국체육과학회지 Vol.18 No.4

The purpose of this study was to determine whether electromechanical delay(EMD) was associated with the training state Thirty-two subjects(Control+exercise) performed knee extension trials in the maximal isometric contraction by muscular complex system during which isometric force data and surface EMG activity were collected. Subjects completed two trials to establish a maximal isometric force. The electromechanical delay of the vastus lateralis was determined by the onset of force contribution after artificial activation, as measured by electromyographic and force data. There was a significant difference in EMD between the control and exercise group. Especially exercise training was decreased EMD, but force curve was increased. These data provide researchers with an indication of the EMD change according to anaerobic training that is required to elucidate the presence of a meaningful change to muscle function in the knee extention. Future research design when monitoring and investigating human muscle function.

10주간 슬링운동이 고령자의 신체조성, 체력 및 보행요인과 보행속도에 미치는 효과

이재구,고석곤,박종현 한국체육과학회 2007 한국체육과학회지 Vol.16 No.4

The purpose in this study was to identify the effects of the body composition, physical fitness and gait variables, and gait speeds by sling exercise in the elderly peoples during 10 weeks. The eleven elderly women over 65 ages involved volunteerly in this study. They were healthy and no problem to orthopedic condition. Sling exercise were mainly composed of a specific exercises and movements to boost up the lumbar, thigh, and shank areas. The results are below. 1. Body composition after sling exercise program in 10 wks were changed significantly, lowering body weight, body fat, BMI and increasing lean body mass. 2. In the case of fitness variables after 10 wks only grip strength increased significantly and isokinetic strength on the knee elevated significantly in the right's and left's flexor and extensor muscles, respectively. 3. Both one-leg standing and one-leg standing with heel lifting showed significantly the longer duration time after sling exercise than the that of before. 4. Speeds on the 10m walking and TUG were significantly faster after sling exercise than those of before. In conclusion, sling exercise for elderly peoples during 10 weeks were effective on the body composition, fitness and gait-related variables, and speeds for walking and TUG activities.

골프 스윙동작의 운동학적 분석

신성휴,고석곤 한국운동역학회 2003 한국운동역학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Shin, S-H and Ko, S-K. A Kinematic analysis of Golf Swing Motion. Korean Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 101-114. The purpose of this study was to examine the major kinematicak variance to increase the club head velocity during the driver swing two PGA prp-golfers utilizing 3-dimensional image analyzing linear velocity of the club-head during the impact quantiatively. To achive these purpose, two high speed camera in 120 field/s and one high-speed camera in 500 field/s were used in this study. The program made by Younghoo Kwon(1944) was used to analysis the digitalization of reference point, digitalization of joint venter, synchronization, calculation of 3-Dimensional coordinate by DLT method, and smoothing. Through this study, the conclusions are as follow. 1. During the driver swing, in the percentile of the total time, two pro-golfer showed 0.925,0.929 second from adress to top-swing, 0.236,0.929 second from top-swing to impact. 2. During the driver swing in the displacement of the center of the body, two pro-golfer showed 45.3,45.23% from adress, 44.3,44.24% from impact. 3. In the velocity variance. The maximum blub-head velocity two pro-golfer showed 43.36,43.24m/s respectively the down swing. The ball velocity showed 63.12,63.06m/s. 4. In the rotational angle of the shoulder joint, two pro-golfer showed -13.5,13.53°during the back swing respectively. Two subject adressed opening status og upper body. 5. In the rotational angle of the right knee angle showed 156.3,154.7°from the adress.

운동역학 : 육상 단거리 크라우칭 스타트 동작의 운동역학적 분석

신성휴(SungHyuShin),고석곤(SukGonGo),박기자(KiJaPark),김태완(TaeWanKim),권문석(MoonSeokKwon),최성회(SungHoiChoi),임영태(YoungTaeLim) 한국체육학회 2004 한국체육학회지 Vol.43 No.5

The aim of this study is to show the effect starting block angle on the starting motion of sprinters using a crouching start. After installing starting blocks on forced platform, and having four highly comparative sprinters use the starting blocks, I analyzed the temporal valuables, segment position, center of mass position, and the enforce amount imposed to the platform at the time of a crouching start. From the results of the analysis, the following conclusions could be drawn:1. Each subject showed the shortest reaction time in each phase when the starting block angle was set as 50-55˚.2. The center of mass displacement was greater when starting block was set as 50-55˚.3. The value of ground reaction force Fy and Fz was greater when the rear starting block angle was set as 50-55˚.

태권도 손날몸통막기 유형에 따른 메커니즘 비교분석

신현무(HyunMooShin),고석곤(SukGonGo),강성철(SungChulKang),고광후(KwangHooKo),김태완(TaeWhanKim) 한국체육학회 2009 한국체육학회지 Vol.48 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 국가대표 품새 시범단 선수들을 대상으로 3차원 영상분석(Vicon Camera 7대)과 지면반력기(AMTI 2대)를 이용하여 두 가지 유형의 태권도 손날몸통막기 동작의 특성들을 알아보고 두 유형의 차이를 검증하는데 있다. 분석 변인으로는 시간, 손날의 최대합성속도, 중심변인, 지면반력이 있다. 각 변인별 평균치와 표준편차를 구한 후, 두 가지 유형별로 종속 T test를 실시하여 그 차이를 분석하였으며 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 지면반력 변인에서 좌·우 지면반력은 유형1이 유형2보다 좌우 지지발 모두에서 더 큰 지면반력값을 나타냈으며, 전·후 지면반력은 유형2가 유형1보다 좌우 지지발 모두에서 더 높은 값을 보였다. 수직 지면반력은 좌측 지지발에서는 유형1이, 우측 지지발에서는 유형2가 더 큰 지면반력값을 나타내었다. 전·후 지면반력(좌: p<.037 , 우: p<.004)과 상·하 지면반력(좌: p<.016, 우: p<.002)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내 보였다. The purpose of this study is to examine the kinetical and biomechanical characteristics of two types of double knife-hand body blocking movement and to verify the characteristic differences of the two types. For the experiment, 3D image analysis(Vicon camera 7) and ground reaction force plates(AMTI 2) are used and the subjects are selected from the Korean National Poomse Demonstration Team. The analysis variables are time, velocity, mid-point balance, and ground reaction force. Each variable’s mean and standard deviation is calculated and then a dependent T test is used to analyze the statistical differences between the two types. The results of the analysis are as follows: The Ground Reaction Force(GRF) of type1 is measured higher than that of type2 in the medio-lateral plane for both supporting feet, whereas the GRF of type2 is observed higher than that of type1 in the anteroposterior plane for both supporting feet. The vertical GRF shows that type1 is higher in left supporting foot, but type 2 is higher in right supporting foot. There are statistically significant differences for both supporting feet in the anteroposterior direction(left: p<.037, right: p<.004) and superior-inferior direction (left: p<.016, right: p<.002).

자연과학편 : 달리기 동작 시 힙 관절 정의 방법이 힙 관절의 역학적 변인들에 미치는 영향

이효근(HyoKeunLee),신성휴(SeongHyooShin),고석곤(SukGonGo),권문석(MoonSeokKwon) 한국체육학회 2010 한국체육학회지 Vol.49 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 힙 관절 정의 방법이 힙 관절에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 있었다. 본 연구에 참여한 근골격계 질환이 없는 8명의 20대 정상인들의 힙 관절 위치는 X-ray 촬영과 5가지 힙 관절 정의 방법(Functional, Bell's, Davis', Andriacchi, Tylkowski's Method)을 이용하여 정의하였다. 실험 시 모든 피험자들은 3.8±0.21 m/s 속도로 달리기 동작을 수행하였으며, 달리기 동작 중 RHS(Right Heel Strike)와 RTO(Right Toe Off)에서 가지 힙 관절 정의 방법에 따른 힙 관절의 역학적 변인들을 one-way repeated ANOVA(p < .05)을 이용하여 분석하였다. X-ray 방법을 통해 산출한 힙 관절의 위치와 가장 근접한 수치를 나타낸 힙 관절 정의 방법은 Functional Method였다. 달리기 동작 시 힙 관절의 운동학적 변인들인 내/외전, 내/외회전 운동은 5가지 힙 관절 정의 방법에 따라 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 더불어 RHS에서 힙 관절의 내/외번 모멘트, RTO에서 힙 관절의 신전/굴곡 모멘트와 내/외회전 모멘트의 운동역학적 변인에서도 5가지 힙 관절 정의 방법에 따라 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 그러므로 달리기 동작 시 힙 관절 정의 방법은 힙 관절의 회전 운동과 모멘트에 영향을 미쳤다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the method to define hip joint on the lower extremity biomechanics during running. 8 healthy university student, who had no serious musculoskeletal, coordination, balance or joint/ligament problems within one year prior to the study were participated. After finding the exact position of hip joint through X-ray, this exact position was compared with other positions estimated by 5 methods. During running, We analyzed various hip joint biomechanics generated by 5 methods using one-way repeated ANOVA(p < .05). The joint positions estimated by each method showed differences, and the position by Functional method was the most similar to the real position through X-ray. Adductive/abducent and internal/external rotated the angular hip joint position significantly changed in response to the change in 5 methods. Futhermore, adductive/abducent hip joint moment in the RHS and internal/external hip joint moment in the RTO were found to be significantly different among 5 methods. Therefore, The the method to define hip joint mainly affected the angular motion and moment of hip joint.

복합운동이 UCP-1 유전자 다형성 특성이 다른 비만 중년여성의 신체조성, 혈액변인 및 체력요인에 미치는 효과

이재구(Jae Koo Lee),고석곤(Seok Gon Ko) 한국사회체육학회 2009 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.38

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of combined exercise according to the polymorphism in the UCP-1 gene of obese mid-aged women. For this study 53 women, who were over 35% body fat and did not involved in regular exercise, were assigned according to gene types in the UCP-1 polymorphism(mutation; AG, GG, and normal; AA). All of subjects performed combined program at the gym for aerobic and weight training, 90min/session, 3times/week during 12 weeks. The statistical analysis were used by t-test and one way ANOVA. Post hoc applied with LSD. The results are as follow. Frequencies of normal gene were 41.5%, mutation gene were 58.5%(GG 17 and AG 14) in this subjects. It also was appeared in G allele 45.3% and A allele 54.7%. There are significantly decreased in body composition between pre and post exercise in the all of subjects. However, in the case according to the UCP-1 gene polymorphism, they did not appeared significant differences among normal and mutation groups. the muscular endurence in GG and flexibility in AA were significantly different in fitness factors after combined exercise. But there were no difference among group of UCP-1 gene polymorphism. Except above variables, the other factors(blood profile and blood pressure) were not changed significantly after combined exercise. In conclusion, even though combined exercise for obese women in this study was effective for the body composition and fitness significantly, and others non-significantly after 12 weeks, the associations among UCP-1 gene polymorphism subtypes and measure variables could not find in the study.

자연과학편 : 승마 운동이 정신 지체 장애인들의 보행 동작 시 발목 관절 근골격계에 미치는 영향

권문석(MoonSeokKwon),신성휴(SeongHyooShin),고석곤(SukGonGo) 한국체육학회 2010 한국체육학회지 Vol.49 No.2

본 연구는 승마 운동이 정신 지체 장애인들의 보행 동작 시 발목 관절 근골격계에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 목적적이 있었다. 본 연구에서는 정신 지체 장애인들의 보행 시 신체 운동을 가속, 감속시키는 발목 관절 근골격계를 해석하기 위해 하지를 근골격계 모델링하였다. 12주(주 3회) 동안 실시된 승마 운동 전, 후 수집 된 정신 지체 장애인들의 보행 동작의 운동학적, 운동역학적 변인들은 역학적 모델과 최적화 과정(Matlab v6.5)에 적용되어 발목 관절에 작용하는 근육들의 개별적인 힘과 근수축에 의해 발생하는 접촉력을 분석하는데 이용되었다. 분석 결과 승마 운동 후 보행 동작 중 지지기 후반에 신체를 전방으로 가속시키는 가자미근, 비복근의 최대 힘 발현이 증가하였고, 승마 훈련 전 지지기 초기에 정상인에 비하여 상대적으로 크게 발생하였던 전경골근과 장무지굴곤의 최대 힘 발현이 승마 훈련 후 감소하였다. 더불어 승마 훈련 후 지지기 초기에서 발목 접촉력의 감소를 보였다. 그러므로 승마 운동은 정신 지체 장애인들의 보행 동작 시 발목 관절 근골겨계 기능을 향상시켰으며 보행 안정성과 균형 유지에 긍정적으로 작용하였다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of horseback riding on musculoskeletal ankle joint during gait to people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. In order to evaluate the musculoskeletal ankle joint functions of acceleration and deceleration in gait motion, five subjects with intellectual and developmental disabilities partook in an experiment to represent the lower extremity regarding musculoskeletal development and control. Each participant exercised horseback riding during 12 weeks (3 times per week). Kinematic and kinetic data were collected 12 weeks before and after the exercise. Individual muscle force and ankle joint contact force were computed using the biomechanical model and optimization (matlab, v6.5). After 12 weeks horseback riding, the maximum muscle force generated by both the gastrocnemius and the soleus of the participants had increased. The other hand, the maximum muscle force generated by the tibialis anterior, flexor hallucis longus, and the ankle joint contact force of the participants had decreased in the early stance phase. Therefore, it was concluded that horseback riding affected and developed control over the musculoskeletal ankle joint to enable greater bodily stability and balance functions.