http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
盛文忠(Sheng, Wen-zhong) 한국일본어학회 2015 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.45
다의적 구조와 어순유형론은 밀접한 연관이 있으며 어순유형론은 많은 언어표현들이 다의성을 띠는 원인이다. 보편적 어순을 갖고 있는 언어(대다수 언어와 일치하는 어순을 갖고 있는 언어)와 보편적이지 않은 어순을 갖고 있는 언어(대다수 언어의 어순과 일치하지 않은 언어)를 비교할 때 전자의 다의적 구조의 수량은 비교적 적은 편이나 후자의 다의적 구조는 많은 편이다. 그 외, 전자(예하면 일본어)의 다의적 구조는 기본적으로 생성능력이 없는 반면에 후자(예하면 중국어)의 다의적 구조는 생성능력이 아주 강하다. Ambiguous constructions are closely related with types of word orders. Many ambiguous constructions coming into being are due to the typology of word order. By virtue of the comparison between harmonious word order language (the word order of whichis similar to the ones of most languages in the world) and inharmonious word order language (the word order of which is dissimilar to the ones of most languages in the world), this study attempts to show that the former possesses less amounts of ambiguous constructions, andthe latter has more amounts of ambiguous constructions. In addition, the former’s (such as Japanese) ambiguous constructions hardly have any productivity, while the latter’s (such as Chinese) ambiguous constructions mostly have very high productivity.
Xiang Gao,Wen-Li Ai,Huan Gong,Li-Juan Cui,Bo-Xia Chen,Hong-Yi Luo,Zhong-Chun Zhang,Bao-Sheng Qiu 한국식물생명공학회 2016 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.10 No.2
Transgenic research was preformed by transferring a cyanobacterial (Nostoc flagelliforme) iron superoxide dismutase gene (NfFeSOD) into heavy metal hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii via Agrobacterium-mediated method. Beyond expectation, NfFeSOD-overexpressing S. alfredii plants exhibited profound impairments, including plant growth retardation, abnormal root architecture, and reduced leaf greenness, photosynthetic efficiency and metal accumulation efficiency. Although transgenic plants appeared physiologically sensitive to high temperature, a higher relative biomass growth was still observed under long-term high temperature and osmotic stresses. Further investigation found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis of transgenic plants was significantly affected, being ~50 % reduction of H2O2 level relative to wild-type plants. Gene transcription including ROS responsive genes was overall attenuated in transgenic plants, being more significant at normal temperature than at high temperature. In addition, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity was increased nearly twofolds in transgenic plants as compared to wild-type control. It may be inferred that ectopic NfFeSOD overexpression gives rise to a substantial increase of APX activity and leads to a sharp reduction of H2O2 level, thus impairing basal ROS signaling and plant growth. Specific genetic background of S. alfredii may be responsible for this sharp reduction of H2O2 level induced by NfFeSOD overexpression. S. alfredii plant has acclimated to elevated levels of ROS induced by heavy metals in native habitats and should require high ROS levels for basal signaling. We thus suppose that a sustained disturbance of high basal ROS signaling in metal hyperaccumulators may instead incur very sensitive response and thus result in profound growth impairments.
Shao-rui Chen,Wen-ping Zhang,Jing-mei Bao,Zhong-bin Cheng,Sheng Yin 대한약학회 2017 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.40 No.1
Aristoyunnolin H is a novel aristophyllenesesquiterpenoid isolated from the traditional Chinese medicineAristolochia yunnanensis Franch. The presentresearch was designed to explore the anti-fibrotic effects ofaristoyunnolin H in adult rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs)stimulated with angiotensin II (Ang II). Western blotanalysis data showed that aristoyunnolin H reduced theupregulation of fibronectin (FN), connective tissue growthfactor and collagen I(Col I) production induced by Ang II inCFs. By studying the dynamic intracellular changes ofCa2?, we further found that while aristoyunnolin H relievedthe calcium influx, it has no effect on intracellular calciumstore release. Meanwhile, aristoyunnolin H also inhibitedthe Ang II-stimulated phosphorylation of Ca2?/calmodulindependentprotein kinase II. In conclusion, aristoyunnolin Hmay attenuate extracellular matrix secretion in vitro byinhibiting Ang II-induced calcium signaling.
Jun Wang,Li Jiang,Sheng Ding,Si-Yi He,Shun-Bi Liu,Zhong-Jie Lu,Yuan-Zhang Liu,Li-Wen Hou,Bin-Su Wang,Jin-Bao Zhang 연세대학교의과대학 2023 Yonsei medical journal Vol.64 No.4
Purpose: We aimed to analyze the optimal timing of enteral nutrition (EN) in the treatment of sepsis and its effect on sepsis-asso ciated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI.)Materials and Methods: The MIMIC-III database was employed to identify patients with sepsis who had received EN. With AKI as the primary outcome variable, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to calculate the optimal cut-off time of early EN (EEN). Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to control confounding effects. Logistic regressions and propen sity score-based inverse probability of treatment weighting were utilized to assess the robustness of our findings. Comparisons within the EEN group were performed. Results: 2364 patients were included in our study. With 53 hours after intensive care units (ICU) admission as the cut-off time of EEN according to the ROC curve, 1212 patients were assigned to the EEN group and the other 1152 to the delayed EN group. The risk of SA-AKI was reduced in the EEN group (odds ratio 0.319, 95% confidence interval 0.245–0.413, p<0.001). The EEN patients re ceived fewer volumes (mL) of intravenous fluid (IVF) during their ICU stay (3750 mL vs. 5513.23 mL, p<0.001). The mediating ef fect of IVF was significant (p<0.001 for the average causal mediation effect). No significant differences were found within the EEN group (0–48 hours vs. 48–53 hours), except that patients initiating EN within 48 hours spent fewer days in ICU and hospital. Conclusion: EEN is associated with decreased risk of SA-AKI, and this beneficial effect may be proportionally mediated by IVF volume.
Partial Oxidation of Methane over Ni/SiO<sub>2</sub>
Roh, Hyun-Seog,Dong, Wen-Sheng,Jun, Ki-Won,Liu, Zhong-Wen,Park, Sang-Eon,Oh, Young-Sam Korean Chemical Society 2002 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.23 No.5
Ni catalyst (Ni: 15 wt%) supported on precalcined SiO2 has been investigated in reforming reactions of methane to synthesis gas. The catalyst exhibited fairly good activity and stability in partial oxidation of methane (POM), whereas it deactivated in steam reforming of methane (SRM). Pulse reaction results of CH4, O2, and CH4/O2 revealed that Ni/SiO2 has high capability to dissociate methane. The results also revealed that both CH4 and O2 are activated on the surface of metallic Ni, and then surface carbon species react with adsorbed oxygen to produce CO and CO2 depending on the bond strength of the oxygen species on the catalyst surface.
Zong, Li-Ju,Zhang, You-Zhong,Yang, Xing-sheng,Jiang, Jie,Cui, Bao-Xia,Qiao, Yun-Bo,Li, Li,Jiang, Kan,Zhang, Wen-Jing,Kong, Bei-Hua,Shen, Keng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.5
Purpose: The study was designed to: (1) investigate the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and cervical neoplasia; and (2) evaluate clinical performance of visual inspection with acetic acid/ Lugol's iodine (VIA /VILI), Pap smear, high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) DNA test for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) and (3) explore appropriate screening approach in rural areas of Shandong Province. Materials and Methods: A total of 3,763 eligible women from Yiyuan County in Yimeng mountainous areas of rural Shandong, China, were enrolled and underwent Pap smear, HR-HPV DNA testing by Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2), and VIA /VILI tests. Women positive in any test were referred to colposcopy and biopsy as indicated. Results: The prevalence of HR-HPV infection among all enrolled women was 11.1% and that in healthy women was 9.9%. In total 33 cases of CIN1, 16 cases of CIN2, 6 cases of CIN3 but none of cervical cancer were detected and the crude prevalence of CIN2+ was 0.58%. For detecting CIN2+, the sensitivity of HR-HPV DNA testing, VIA/VILI, Pap smear was 90.9%, 77.3%, 81.8%, respectively. Pap smear had the best specificity of 98.2%, followed by HR-HPV DNA testing with specificity of 89.4%, VIA/VILI had the lowest specificity of 81.2%. Colposcopy referral rate of HR-HPV DNA testing, VIA/VILI, Pap smear was 11.1%, 18.5%, 2.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggest that HR-HPV DNA testing alone might be appropriate for primary cervical cancer screening in rural low-resource areas of Shandong Province, China.