한국 일 도시지역 청소년의 우울 증상 유병률과 관련요인에 대한 연구

조성진,전홍진,김무진,김장규,김선욱,류인균,조맹제 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.4

연구 목적 : 한국의 일 도시지역에 거주하는 청소년의 우울 증상의 유병률과 관련요인을 밝힘으로써 청소년 정신건강 증진을 위한 기초 자료를 수집하기 위하여 실시되었다. 방 법 : 연구 대상은 부천시에 거주하는 중학교나 고등학교에 재학중인 청소년 71,102명 가운데에서 무작위 집락 표본 추출법에 의해 선정된 2,203명이었으며, 이들에 대해서 CES-D(the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale)와 사회인구학적 정보에 대한 문항이 들어 있는 설문을 실시하였다. 설문은 직접 학교를 방문하여 수행하였다. 선정된 2,203명의 청소년 가운데에 CES-D문항을 완성한 학생은 1,972명으로 반응률은 89.5%였다. 결 과 : 1) CES-D의 절단점을 16점으로 하여 계산한 '가능한' 우울 증상의 유병률은 중학생의 경우에 남학생 34.6%, 여학생 44.7%였으며, 고등학생의 경우에는 남학생 43.8%, 여학생 49.6%였다. 2) CES-D의 절단점을 25점으로 하여 계산한 '명확한' 우울증 증상의 유별률은 중학생의 경우에 남학생 18.4%, 여학생 20.7%였으며, 고등학생의 경우에는 남학생 21.4%, 여학생 23.9%였다. 3)종교, 인문계와 실업계의 여부에 따라서 우울 증상의 유병률에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4) 성,학년, 생활수준에 대한 자신의 평가, 가족의 구조, 성적에 대한 만족도의 다섯 가지 변수에 대해 CES-D점수가 16점 이상인 우울 증상의 유무에 따라서 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 시행하였을 때 성적에 대해 불만적 하는 군에서 매우 만족하는 군에 비해서 8.850배의 상대 위험도를 보였다. 생활 수준을 중하정도라고 대답한 군은 상이라고 대답한 군에 비해서 2.007배의 상대 위험도를 보였다. 여학생은 남학생에 비해서 1.307배의 상대 위험도를 보였다. 5) 우울 증상에 있어서 남학생과 여학생의 비율은 전체 군에서 1:1.38이며 중학생의 경우에는 1:1.88, 고등학생의 경우에는 1:1.13으로 나타났다. 고등학생에 있어 남학생의 우울 증상이 증가하는 것은 학업과 입시에 대한 부담과 관련된 것으로 생각되었다. 결 론 : 한국 일 도시거주 중고등학생에서 CES-D로 측정한 우울 증상은 남학생의 34.3%, 여학생의 47.5%에서 나타날 정도로 흔하다. 특히 학업 성적에 대해 불만족 하는 군에서 높은 우울 증상의 상대 위험률을 보이며, 고등학생에서 남학생의 우울증의 유병률이 높아지는 것은 이 지역 학생들이 학업에 대한 높은 부담을 가지고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 이들에 대한 특별한 관심이 요구된다. Objective : We tried to see the prevalence and correlates of symptoms of depression in an adolescent population in Korea, and collected the basal data for mental health promotion of adolescents. Method : We sampled 2,203 adolescents among 71,102 adolescents living in Puchon City in Korea by the randomized clustered sampling method. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale(CES-D) was used to measure depressive symptoms. The measurements were conducted through visiting schools. Of the 2,203 adolescents(aged 13 to 18) who were sampled, 1,972 persons completed CES-D and sociodemographic questions. The response rate was 89.5%. Result : 1) The prevalence rate of 'probable' depressive symptoms with cutoff point 16 was 34.3% in the boys and 47.5% in the girls. 2) The prevalence rate of 'definite' depression symptoms with cutoff point 25 was 17.4% in the boys and 20.6% in the girls. 3) We could not find any meaningful difference in the average of CES-D from the districts where they live, the course of their education, and their religions. 4) We used the logistic regression analysis to find the risk factor for adolescent depression in these samples. Among the variables degree, it was most important risk factor in adolescent depression to dissatisfy with their school degrees. Compared it with fully satisfied group, the odds ratio was 8.850. The group of mid to low socioeconomic status had the odds ratio 2.007 compared with high socioeconomic status. The girls had the odds ratio 1.307 compared with the boys. 5) The male versus female ratio was 1: 1.38 in the total students and 1 : 1.88 in the middle school students, and 1 : 1.13 in the high school students. The male versus female ratio was relatively low in the high school students. It was the result of the high prevalence of depressive symptoms in the high school boys, and it was due to the large burden to their school degrees. Conclusion : The depressive symptoms checked by CES-D were very common among adolescents in Korean urban area. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 34.3% in the boys and 47.5% in the girls. The result that male versus female ratio was relatively low in the high school adolescents, and the group that were dissatisfied with the school degrees had high risk of depressive symptoms, revealed that the students had large burden to their school degrees and so they needed special concerns.

스티렌 폭로 근로자들의 기중 및 혈중 스티렌과 요중 만델산의 관계 분석

정호근,강성규,양정선,김기웅,이종성,조영숙,박인정 大韓産業醫學會 1994 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.6 No.1

The concentration of styrene in air in blood and mandelic acid in urine were checked for the 60 workers with normal liver function, exposed to styrene. Styrene in air were sampled with personal air sampler at least 4 hours and analyzed by gas chromatography. Blood and spot urine were collected at the end of shift with a vacuum tube and a polythylene bottle and analyzed by gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Means of air and blood styrene and urine mandelic acid were 8.16 ppm(geometric mean), 0.199 mg/L, and 0.519 g/g creatinine, respectively. The concentration of styrene in air and mandelic acid in urine were high in the FRP factories and low in polymerization factory. Styrene in blood showed large difference by the working process. Styrene in air showed a good correlation with mandelic acid in urine(r=0.6369) and styrene in blood(r=0.6371). The mandelic acid in urine and styrene in blood corresponded to exposure of 50 ppm styrene were 0.890 g/g creatinine and 0.434 mg/L. However, hippuric acid in urine did not show any correlation with styrene in air. Urine mandelic acid excretion expected ratio showed a tendency to decrease according to obesity index and to increase with alcohol consumption.

Engineering of AlON interlayer in Al₂O₃/AlON/In_0.53Ga_0.47As gate stacks by thermal atomic layer deposition

Lee, Woo Chul,Cho, Cheol Jin,Park, Suk-In,Jun, Dong-Hwan,Song, Jin Dong,Hwang, Cheol Seong,Kim, Seong Keun ELSEVIER 2018 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.18 No.8

<P>The presence of an AlN interfacial layer in high-k/In0.53Ga0.47As gate stacks improves the interfacial properties and enhances the electrical performance of devices. However, pure AlN is rarely grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) because of the low reactivity of NH3 toward the common Al-precursor and the predisposition to oxidation of the grown AlN layer. Although a plasma-enhanced ALD technique significantly suppresses the oxygen content in the grown AlN layer, the deterioration of the interface properties by plasma-damage is a critical issue. In this work, an AlON interlayer was engineered by optimizing the NH3 feeding time in thermal ALD to improve the interface quality in Al2O3/AlON/In0.53Ga0.47As capacitors. It was determined that a mere increase in the NH3 feeding time during the ALD of the AlON film resulted in a higher nitrogen incorporation into the AlON interlayer, leading to a reduction in the interface trap density. Furthermore, the out-diffusion of elements from the In0.53Ga0.47As layer was effectively suppressed by increasing the NH3 feeding time. This work demonstrates that simple process optimization can improve the interface quality in high-k/In0.53Ga0.47As gate stacks without the use of any plasma-activated nitrogen source.</P>

Encapsulation of Various Guests by an Anionic In-Metal–Organic Framework Containing Tritopic BTB Ligand: Crystal Structure of Reichardt’s Dye Captured in an In-Metal–Organic Framework

Cho, Eun-Young,Gu, Ja-Min,Choi, In-Hwan,Kim, Wan-Seok,Hwang, Yong-Kyung,Huh, Seong,Kim, Sung-Jin,Kim, Youngmee The American Chemical Society 2014 CRYSTAL GROWTH AND DESIGN Vol.14 No.10

<P>The reaction between 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoic acid (H<SUB>3</SUB>BTB) and In(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> hydrate in diethylformamide yielded a new In<SUP>III</SUP>-metal-organic framework, [(CH<SUB>3</SUB>CH<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>NH<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUB>3</SUB>[In<SUB>3</SUB>(BTB)<SUB>4</SUB>]·10DEF·14H<SUB>2</SUB>O (<B>I</B>). The countercation and solvent-free doubly interpenetrated <B>I</B> potentially contains 71.0% of solvent accessible void. Although the framework of <B>I</B> was not stable enough to maintain its original structure when the solvent molecules were removed, the as-prepared <B>I</B> was found to be a very good sorbent for acridine orange hydrochloride, a large Reichardt’s dye, and hydrophobic iodine molecule in solution. The as-prepared <B>I</B> exhibited increased uptake amount in the order of Reichardt’s dye > acridine orange hydrochloride > iodine. The largest uptake of the bulky Reichardt’s dye by <B>I</B> could be attributed to the optimized structural fitting of Reichardt’s dye into the large three-dimensional void space of <B>I</B>. The structure of Reichardt’s dye-encapsulated <B>I_RD</B> was unambiguously revealed by X-ray crystallography for the first time.</P><P>Thermal reaction between the tritopic ligand, 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoic acid (H<SUB>3</SUB>BTB), and In(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> hydrate in diethylformamide yielded colorless crystals formulated as [(CH<SUB>3</SUB>CH<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>NH<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUB>3</SUB>[In<SUB>3</SUB>(BTB)<SUB>4</SUB>]·10DEF·14H<SUB>2</SUB>O (<B>I</B>). The as-prepared <B>I</B> was found to be a good sorbent material for positively charged acridine orange, a large Reichardt’s dye, and hydrophobic iodine molecule in solution.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cgdefu/2014/cgdefu.2014.14.issue-10/cg5005837/production/images/medium/cg-2014-005837_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cg5005837'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Temporal trends and in-hospital outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention in nonagenarians with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

( Joon Young Kim ),( Myung Ho Jeong ),( Yong Woo Choi ),( Yong Keun Ahn ),( Shung Chull Chae ),( Seung Ho Hur ),( Taek Jong Hong ),( Young Jo Kim ),( In Whan Seong ),( In Ho Chae ),( Myeong Chan Cho ) 대한내과학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.30 No.6

Background/Aims: Data regarding the outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in nonagenarians are very limited. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the temporal trends and in-hospital outcomes of primary PCI in nonagenarian STEMI patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (KAMIR) from November 2005 to January 2008, and from the Korea Working Group on Myocardial Infarction (KorMI) from February 2008 to May 2010. Results: During this period, the proportion of nonagenarians among STEMI patients more than doubled (0.59% in KAMIR vs. 1.35% in KorMI), and the rate of use of primary PCI also increased (from 62.5% in KAMIR to 81.0% in KorMI). We identified 84 eligible study patients for which the overall in-hospital mortality rate was 21.4% (25.0% in KAMIR vs. 20.3% in KorMI, p = 0.919). Multivariate analysis identified two independent predictors of in-hospital mortality, namely a final Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow < 3 (odds ratio [OR], 13.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2 to 59.0; p < 0.001) and cardiogenic shock during hospitalization (OR, 6.7; 95% CI, 1.5 to 30.3; p = 0.013). Conclusions: The number of nonagenarian STEMI patients who have undergone primary PCI has increased. Although a final TIMI flow < 3 and cardiogenic shock are independent predictors of in-hospital mortality, primary PCI can be performed with a high success rate and an acceptable in-hospital mortality rate.

In-hospital mortality in patients with STEMI admitted during off hours

( Sung-Soo Kim ),( Myung Ho Jeong ),( Jeong Gwan Cho ),( Young Keun Ahn ),( Jong Hyun Kim ),( Shung Chull Chae ),( Young Jo Kim ),( Seung Ho Hur ),( In Whan Seong ),( Taek Jong Hong ),( Dong-hoon Choi 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1

Conflicting results exist on the outcome of off hours PCI in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, there were only a few studies that have focused on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of off hours PCI in STEMI. So, we studied the clinical characteristics and hospital mortality in STEMI patients treated with primary PCI during regular hours (weekdays 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM) versus off hours Weekdays 6:01 PM to 8:59 AM, weekends, and holidays) in Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry. We analyzed in hospital and one year mortality among 5,665 consecutive ST segment elevation myocardial infarction patients treated with primary PCI between November 2005 to January 2008. Total 2,848 (50.2%) patients were treated during off hours. Baseline finding were similar, although regular hours patients were older. Median symptom to balloon time (304 min, IQR 175 to 750 vs. 270 min, IQR 145 to 551, p=0.001) were longer for regular hours primary PCI. Median door to balloon time (71min, IQR: 48 to 132 vs. 59 min, IQR 39 to 110 min, p=0.001) were longer for off hours pPCI. Also, Cardiac enzyme such as Max CK-MB (212.1±299.3 vs 194.7±303.4, p=0.031) and max TnI (72.6±239.5 vs. 58.9±94.4, p=0.013) were increased in off hours pPCI. However, unadjusted in hospital (6.0% off hours vs. 6.0% regular hours, p=0.946) and one year cardiac mortality (11.3% off hours vs. 11.7% regular hours, p=0.661) were comparable. In multivariate analysis, off hours primary PCI did not predict an adverse outcome. In conclusion, when primary PCI was performed within an appropriate reperfusion strategy, the clinical effectiveness of either off hours or regular hours pPCI is comparable.

국내 기록관리학분야 석․박사학위논문의 계량서지학적 분석

조인숙,신준성 한성대학교 인문과학연구원 2012 소통과 인문학 Vol.15 No.-

This study inquired into and analyzed total 560 papers (558 master's theses and 2 doctoral dissertations) in the field of Archives & Records Management published in Korea from February 2001 through February 2010 in order to examine the trend of research and changes of the study through the topics and cited analyses of the papers for a degree published in graduate schools for the major of Archives & Records Management in Korea. First, for the analysis of the general situations of the theses for a degree, the status of publication per year, subject fields, the major fields of the academic advisors, research methods, data collection methods, and the target institutions of the research were surveyed. Next, 3 precedents studies that analyzed the trend of the research for domestic journals in the field of Archives & Records Management were compared and analyzed with this study. Second, for the analysis of the cited literatures of the theses for a degree, for 262 theses published in recent 2 years (Aug. 2008~Feb. 2010), the frequency and life span of the cited literatures, etc. were analyzed. In addition, the domestic/foreign journals at the high ranking of citation among the cited journals were listed.

Characterization of SiO₂ Over Poly-Si Mask Etching in Ar/C₄F<SUB>8</SUB> Capacitively Coupled Plasma

In Ho Seong,Jang Jae Lee,Chul Hee Cho,Yeong Seok Lee,Si Jun Kim,Shin Jae You 한국진공학회(ASCT) 2021 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.30 No.6

This research involved an experimental investigation of the relationship between the plasma parameters and etching properties of SiO₂ over poly-Si mask in Ar/C₄F8 capacitively coupled plasma (CCP). In these experiments, the etching process was conducted in CCP and the external conditions such as the applied power, pressure, and gas ratio were varied. In addition, the density of radicals, which dominantly participate in surface reactions, the electron density, and the self-bias voltage were measured. As a result, deposition of the CFx polymer film on the poly-Si mask lowered the electron density and self-bias voltage and the etch rate of the target and the mask increased as the internal parameters of the plasma increased. This result indicated that the electron density and the self-bias voltage, which represent the physical etch elements of ion flux and energy, respectively, have a marked influence on the etching process. Consequently, our work led us to propose a critical value, which is the product of the electron density and self-bias voltage, neVbias, to analyze the etching mechanism. Our results are also expected to serve as a basic processing database that enables an in-depth understanding of etching.

다발성 중증 외상 환자들의 치료에 대한 응급 외상팀 운영의 효과

이성화 ( Seong Hwa Lee ),조석주 ( Suck Joo Cho ),염석란 ( Seok Ran Yeom ),류지호 ( Ji Ho Ryu ),정진우 ( Jin Woo Jung ),한상균 ( Sang Kyun Han ),김용인 ( Yong In Kim ),박맹렬 ( Maeng Real Park ),김영대 ( Young Dae Kim ) 대한외상학회 2009 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

Purpose: We performed this study to determine how the emergency trauma team affects the treatment of patients with multiple severe trauma and to discuss the effect and the direction of the emergency trauma team`s management. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 518 patients who visited our emergency department with severe trauma from August 2006 to July 2008. We divided the severe trauma patients into 2 groups: patients before and after trauma team management (Group 1 and Group 2). Then, we compared demographic characteristics, mechanisms of injury, and treatment outcomes (lengths of stay in the ED, admission ratio, and in-hospital mortality) between the 2 groups. In the same way, patients with multiple severe trauma were divided into 2 groups, that are patients before and after trauma team management (Group 3 and Group 4) and analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference, except mean age, between groups 1 and 2. In group 4 patients, compared to group 3 patients, the lengths of stay in the ED were lower (p value<0.001), and the admission ratio were higher (p value=0.017), but there was no significant difference in the in-hospital mortality between the groups 3 and 4. Conclusion: When patients with multiple severe trauma visit the ED, the emergency trauma team`s management can decrease the lengths of stay in the ED and increase the admission ratio, but does not produce a decrease in the in-hospital mortality rate. Further investigations of emergency trauma team management are needed to improve treatment outcomes for patients with multiple severe trauma. (J Korean Soc Traumatol 2009;22:172-78)

소아에서 발생한 골수이형성 증후군 2례

홍성진,윤석중,김성우,조형구,오명호,김기혁,이인성 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1996 건국의과학학술지 Vol.5 No.-

Myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS) is a group of acquired conditions characterized by progressive bone marrow failure associated with normocellular or hypercellular bone marrow that cannot be attributed to nutritional deficiency, chronic infection, or other chronic systemic illness, and cannot be reversed by the successful treatment of those conditions. Whereas the cases of secondary MDS occur at all ages, primary MDS is essentially a disease of elderly, though no age group is exempt and predomonant in men. The MDS is fundamentally clonal disorders at the level of the haemopoietic totipotent stem cell. Clinically, they are characterized by varing degrees of peripheral cytopenia(s) with morphological and functional abnormalities of blood elements. We have experienced two unrelated pediatric cases, who showed pancytopenia on admission and the characteristic marrow findings of MDS. The first case, a 12 months-old girl, showed increased reticulin with abnormal localization of immature precursor cells(ALIP) in her bone marrow, in addition to dysplastic features such as bi-and multi-nucleation of late normoblasts and internuclear bridging. She also showed 22% of blasts in her bone marrow cells thus classified in the category of RAEB-t after FAB classification. Also found were a chromosomal abnormality namely 46 XX t(14q21q), which was an unusual one. Her family brought her home and, 4 month later, she deceased. The second case, a 12 year-old boy, showed pancytopenia with Pseudo-Pelger-Huet anomaly in neutrophils but no blasts in the peripheral blood. Bone marrow of this case also showed the picture of dyserythropoiesis with binuclearity, internuclear bridging, nuclear fragments, multinuclearity of late normoblasts, in addition to megaloblastoid change in the normoblasts and increased mitosis in granulocytic series. No chromosomal abnormality was found. Classified as RA after FAB classification of MDS. Showed good response to conservative management for anemia for more than one year.