KF114와 KB108 원료가공업의 연기증 Nicotine 및 Tar 함량의 변화

이철희,임흥빈,신주식,석영선 충북대학교 연초연구소 2004 煙草硏究 Vol.19 No.-

궐련담배 연기 중 Tar와 Nicotine 함량은 대부분의 국가에서 담배 포갑지에 표시하도록 규정하고 있으며 우리나라에서도 2003년부터 시행하고 있다. 그리하여 궐련담배 제품의 설정목표에 따라 엽배합의 방안을 강구하고자 우리나라에서 생산하고 있는 황색종과 버어리종의 주 품종인 KF114와 KB108의 원료 가공엽을 김천원료공장과 남원료공장에서 착엽위치 및 등급별로 채취하여 연기 중 Nicotine, Tar 및 CO 함량을 조사하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 원료엽 중 니코틴 함량은 황색종 KF114에 비하여 버어리종 KB108이 높고, 본엽과 상엽에서는 등급이 낮을수록 함량이 높고, 중엽과 하엽에서는 등급이 낮을수록 함량이 낮았다. 2. 황색종 KF114는 궐련담배 1개비 당 중량이 본엽, 중엽, 상엽, 하엽 순으로 무거웠고, 엽위별 등급간에는 등급이 높을수록 무거웠다. 연소시간과 흡연회수는 본엽, 상엽, 중엽, 하엽 순으로 길고 많았다. 3. 버어리종 KB108은 궐련담배 1개비 당 중량이 상엽, 본엽, 중엽, 하엽 순으로 무거웠고, 엽위별 등급간에는 등급이 높을수록 무거웠다. 연소시간은 상엽, 본엽, 중엽, 하엽 순으로 길었으며, 중엽과 하엽에서는 등급이 높을수록 본엽과 상엽에서는 등급이 낮을수록 길었다.4. 황색종 KF114 원료 가공엽의 연기 중 니코틴과 타르 함량은 본엽에서는 등급이 낮을수록 높고, 중엽과 하엽에서는 등급이 높을수록 높은 값을 나타냈다. CO 함량은 본엽, 중엽, 상엽, 하엽순으로 많았고, 등급간 차이는 니코틴과 타르 함량에 대한 등급간 차이보다 적었다. 5. 버어리종 KB108 원료 가공엽의 연기 중 니코틴과 타르 함량은 상엽과 본엽에서는 등급이 낮을수록 높고, 중엽과 하엽에서는 등급이 높을수록 높은 값을 나타냈다. CO의 함량은 상엽, 본엽, 중엽, 하엽 순으로 높았고, 엽위 별 등급간에 차이가 없었다. 6. 잎담배 종류 및 가공엽의 등급에 따라 nicotine/tar 및 Co/tar 비율에 차이가 있는 것을 알 수 있으며, 엽위가 낮을수록 비율도 감소하였다. 7. 버어리종 KB108는 흡연회수, 니코틴, 타르및 CO가 각각 정의 상관관계가 인정되었으나, 황색종 KF114에서는 CO와 니코틴, CO와 타르 간에는 상관관계가 없었다. In most countries, nicotine and tar contents of cigarette smoke should be represented on the cigarette pack by law. It has been carrying out in Korea from 2003. In order to control those contents, It was tested the contents of tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide (CO) of smoke components and puff number for blending two major varieties produced in Korea, KF114, a flue-cured, and KB108, a burley. The processed leaf tobacco were taken from Kim-cheon and Ock-cheon leaf tobacco processing factory. The results were summarized as followed ; 1. Nicotine contents of processed leaf tobacco were higher in KB108, a burley, than in KF114, a flue-cured. Nicotine contents of leaf and tips were higher in low-grade leaves than in high-grade leaves, but those of cutters and lugs were lower in low-grade leaves than in high-grade leaves. 2. The weight per cigarette of KF114 was heavier in the order of leaf, cutters, tips and lugs, and was heavier in high-grade leaves than in low-grade leaves. Combustion time was longer and puff number was more in the order of leaf, tips, cutters and lugs. 3. The weight per cigarette of KB108 was heavier in the order of tips, leaf, cutters and lugs, and was heavier in high-grade leaves than in low-grade leaves. Combustion time was longer in the order of tips, leaf, cutters and lugs. The time of cutters and lugs was longer in high-grade leaves than in low-grade leaves, but those of leaf and tips was longer in low-grade leaves than in high-grade leaves. 4. Nicotine and tar contents of the smoke from the processed leaf tobacco of KF114 were higher in low-grade leaf than in high-grade leaf and cutters and lugs were higher in high-grade than in low-grade. CO contents were higher in the order of leaf, cutters, tips and lugs. The difference of CO contents between different grades was lower than that of nicotine and tar contents. 5. In nicotine and tar contents of the smoke from the processed leaf tobacco of KB108, leaf and tips were higher in low-grade than in high-grade and cutters and lugs were higher in high-grade than in low-grade. CO contents were higher in the order of tips, leaf, cutters and lugs. There was no significant difference of CO contents between different grades of the stalk position. 6. Nicotine/Tar and CO/Tar ratios showed significant difference according to tobacco variety and grade of processed leaf tobacco. The ratios were reduced in lower stalk position. 7. There were positive correlations between puff number, nicotine, tar and CO contents in KB108, but there were no correlations between CO and nicotine, or CO and tar in KF114.

油類汚染損害의 賠償保障에 관한 國際協約의 硏究

이홍욱,정영석 효성여자대학교 법정연구소 1992 법정연구 Vol.1 No.-

The Torrey Canyon incident off the English coast in March 1967 resulted in a spill of oil causing pollution damage of an extent hiterto unknown. This incident made the world aware of the need for international regimes of liability and compensation for pollution damage caused by spills of oil from tankers. following the Torrey Canyon disaster. the International Maritime Organization(IMO) convened a Diplomatic Conference in Brussels in 1969. which adopted the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage(Civil Liability Convention, CLC). This Convention lays down the principle of strict liability for shipowners and provides for a system of compulsory insurance. The 1969 Conference noted, however, that the Civil Liability Convention regime was inadequate as it might not provide full compensation regime was inadequate as it might not provide full compensation to victims of pollution damage and recognised the need for a scheme providing supplementary compensation. After futher deliberations within IMO. a Diplomatic conference was convened in Brussels in 1971. This Conference adopted the International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage(Fund Convention). The fund convention sets up an international organisation, the International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund(IOPC Fund). to administer the system of compensation created by that Convention. The C. L. C. entered into force in 1975 and the fund convention in 1978. As at 15 August 1991. the C. L. C. has 67 Contracting States, and Fund Convention 45 Contracting States. Both the C. L. C. and the Fund Convention have been amended by Protocols in 1976 and 1984. The 1976 amendments were of a technical nature. The 1984 Protocols imply fundamental amendments to conventions. Referring to the contents of the above conventions. I will propose the direction of legislation for the special code of compensation for the oil pollution from ships.

항파상풍 톡소이드 주사후 항파상풍 항체 역가

이한식,하영록,구홍두,장석준,심호식,김승환,이정운 대한응급의학회 1996 대한응급의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Objective : Tetanus decreased in prevalence since the systemic vaccination began in 1940s. Despite of the improvement in treatment like critical care with ventilatior or antibiotics, the mortality rate resides around 45%. Currently the tetanus prevention protocol recommends immunization in infancy and boosters every tenth years. Thereafter the immunization with toxoid only or toxoid plus immunoglobulin injections is recommended according to the type of injury. In most of ED in Korea, only tetanus immunoglobulin is given without any basis. Previously we proved the effect that passive immunization with the immunoglubulin 250 IU last long for only a month. At this time we measured the effect of the active immunization with toxoid and its effect was compared to the effect of the tetanus immunoglobulin to find out the logical tetanus prevention after an injury. Method: 20 healthy adult volunteers were injected with tetanus toxoid and their anti-tetanus antibody titers measured before the injection, 1 week and 4 weeks after the inection. No volunteers have taken any medication for chronic illness(e.g. hepatits, tuberculosis) or had an tetanus immunization or booster in the last 6 months. Antibody titers were measured by IMMUNOZYM??-TETANUS and t-test was performed on the results, Results: 1. Total 20 volunteers(12 males and 8 females) were participated. 2. Subjects` ages were 21 to 44 years old and there were no relevance to the antibody titer. 3. The antibody titers of before the anti-tetanus toxoid injection and 1 week, 4 weeks after the injection revealed significant difference and the antibody titers of the first and the forth week after the injection also showed a significant difference. Conclusion: Currently in Korea, the tetenus immunoglobulin 250 IU given alone as tetanus prevention was injected, but it did not elevate the anti-tetanus antibody titer for 4 weeks where as tetanus toxoid injected intramuscularly did significantly. Therefore, tetanus toxoid should be given on the dirty injuries with additional tetanus immunoglobulin injection to accomplish the correct method of tetanus, tetanus toxoid prevention.

분자마커를 이용한 작물의 품종 개량과 품질관리

이이,엄유리,정찬문,석영선,이학수 충북대학교 연초연구소 2009 煙草硏究 Vol.22 No.-

분자마커는 현대 농업에서 없어서는 안 될 중요한 도구로 자리잡아가고 있으며 단백질과 DNA에 기초한 다양한 분자마커가 개발되었다. RFLP, RAPD, SSR, AFLP, CAPS, SNP, STS, DNA sequencing 등 다양한 분자마커는 독특한 특성을 가지고 있어서 용도에 맞게 분자마커를 선별하여 사용할 필요가 있다. 분자마커의 선별에서는 사용가능한 DNA의 양, DNA의 품질, 공우성 마커 여부, 비용 등을 고려해서 해야 한다. 담배에서는 주로 병저항성과 품종을 감별하기 위한 분자마커가 개발되어 이용되고 있으나 담배의 DNA 다형성이 다른 작물에 비하여 현저히 낮아 게놈프로젝트가 완성되면 resequencing을 이용하여 마커를 개발하는 것이 효율적일 것으로 보인다. Molecular marker is very important tool for modern agriculture. Various molecular markers were developed for detecting protein and DNA polymorphism. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS), Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), Sequence Tagged Site (STS) and DNA sequencing are typical molecular markers commonly used. Each molecular marker has its own specific characters. Researchers have to choose a molecular marker for their own demands with considering the DNA quantity required, DNA quality required, codominance, and cost for developing and analysis. In tobacco, disease resistance and cultivar identification are the main focus of marker development. DNA polymorphism of tobacco is much less than that of other crops. Completion of genome project followed by resequencing could be a good opportunity for molecular marker development of tobacco.

Polyester 織物의 帶電防止 加工에 關한 硏究

李尙郁,金泳錫 崇田大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.11 No.1

The following is the summary of the conclusion of the study on anti-static finishing of polyester fabrics: 1) Copolymer of polyethylene glycol polyethylene terephthlate is appropriate as an anti-static finishing agents of polyester fabrics, and it is also excellent in the anti-static behavior after treatments to friction, weather-o-meter and laundering. 2) Glyoxal resin is more excellent in the anti-static behavior than melamine resin, and it is also excellent in the retaining anti-static behavior after treatments to friction, weather-o-mether, and laundering. 3) As the condition of curing treatment, 180℃, 2 minutes for glyoxal resin, and 150℃, 5 minutes for melamine resin is appropriate respectively.

小規模 住居團地開發의 環境的 特性에 관한 硏究

李英碩 광주대학교 1992 産業技術硏究 Vol.2 No.-

행정구역의 확대와 상무 신도심 건설로 광주시의 도시개발이 활기를 맞고 있다. 이에 따라 주거지역의 개발이 新舊市街地모두에 현저히 증가하고 있다. 光州市의 주거지역의 경관의 특징은, 저층인 단독주택지역과 신개발 된 고층 주거지역이 명확히 구분이 되지가 않는다. 이것은 단독주택지역에 小規模 高層住居團地가 '근린의 섬'처럼 불규칙하게 건설되어 지역의 이미지를 파괴시키고 있기 때문이다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 小規模 住居團地의 환경적 제측면상의 문제점과 이에 대한 계획적·제도적 개선방안을 제시하기 위하여 小規模 住居團地 사례를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 小規模 住居團地의 高層高密化 : 세대규모는 국민주택규모가 전체 공급량의 90%이상이며, 60㎡이하가 60%에 해당하는 소규모이며, 層數는 11층이상 20층사이가 대부분이며 심지어는 25층의 경우도 있어 지역이 高密度化하였다. 둘째, 建物形態의 都市美觀 沮害 : 용적률이 대단위 住居團地의 평균 170∼200%를 훨씬 상회하는 250 ∼ 400%사이에 고른 분포를 보여 대단위 지역에 비해 환경이 열약한데, 좁은대지에 高層建物의 건설을 위해 사선제한등을 피해서 건물마다 층수가 3∼5가지가 달라 균형 및 통일감이 결여된 高層의 住居棟으로 도시의 경관을 파괴하고 있다. 셋째, 駐車空間의 絶對的 不足 : 증가하는 주차 수요에 비해 세대당 0.7대의 주차장 확보는 인근지역의 도로 기능의 효율성을 저하시킬 것이 예상되므로 규제의 강화가 필요하다. 넷째, 公共空間의 不足 : 團地別 시설기준은 충족시킬 수 있지만, 이러한 小規模 단지의 연속적 개발은 결국 地域全體의 公園, 어린이 놀이터, 진입로, 단지주변도로등의 公共空間의 부족이 예상되므로 지역 전체의 密度를 고려한 투자와 제도적인 보완이 수반되어야 한다. The extension of city resign has promoted the urban residential development in Kwang-ju city. But the considering the view of the residential area in Kwang-ju city, the division between high density area and low density area and low density area is not cleared. This is because small residential housing sites have been constructed all over the urban area. The environmental characteristics of the small residential housing sites can be summarized as follows ; a. High rise & high density housing sites. b. Degeneration of urban view because of the unbalanced buildin form. c. The absolute shortage of parking lot in the housing sites. d. The shortage of public space-Park, Playground and Access road, etc. Therefore, to solve these environmental problems, the reform of regulation is needed in the following division ; The designation of high density residental area and the construction of small residential housing sites only in the designated area. The proportional co-ordination of building form. The increase in parking lot of 1 per unit at least. The increase in public area.

곁순의 화학적 방제가 연초식물의 생장량에 미치는 영향

이재흥,석영선,신주식,정찬문 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 2001 煙草硏究 Vol.18 No.-

This study was carried out to compare the effects of suckercides - Fatty alcohol(FA), Maleic hydrazide(MH) and Butralin - on the sucker control and growing characters of flue-cured tobacco leaves. Among the three suckercides, Butralin was treated at three different times, one day before topping, topping day and one day after topping, and at two different concentration, 1/30 and 1/60 water solution. The results are summarized as follows. Suckercide treated plot showed higher growth and weight of upper leaves than not-treated plots did. MH treated plot decreased numbers, fresh weight and dry weight of suckers compared to the other treated plots, and made the leaves shape narrow. The effect of Butralin on sucker control was lower than that of MH, but higher than that of FA. The yields when treated Butralin decreased compared to the yields when treated MH. Though there were no significant differences of yields and growing characters of leaves among the plots of three concentrations and two times of treating Butralin, it is recommended to apply 1/60 water solution of Butralin at topping time.

學業 成積에 影響을 주는 家庭環境과 自我槪念에 관한 硏究

金英雨,李達錫 조선대학교 사범대학 부설 교과교육연구소 2002 敎科敎育硏究 Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine whether self-conception and home-environment relate positively with academic achievement. In order to fulfill the purpose of this study the research questions of the study were established as follows: 1) Dose home-environment(the status environment. the process environment) and self-conception correate? 2) Does the subvariables of the status environment, that is, the degree of parent's education, monthly income, job, residence and self-conception correlate? 3) Does the subvariables of the process environment, that is, the acceptance-reject, the autonomy-control, the achievement press and self-conception correlate? 4) Does the status environment, the process environment and total home-environment effect the academic achievement? 5) Are there any difference among self-conception according to level of academic achievement? The subjects of the study were the second grade from 4 high schools in Kwang Ju. The total number of subjects were 298 students. The data were gathered from self-conception inventory(Kim Gi-Jung, 1984), the home-environment inventory(Kim Gi-jung, 1984) and the mean of academic achievement admitted by each high school administration. The results were as follows: 1) Home-environment strongly effects self-conception, especially the process home-environment stronger effect self-conception than the status environment. 2) There is relationship between the status environment and self-conception with r=.65. The higher is the score of status environment, the higher is academic self-conception and moral self-conception of high school students. 3) In relationship coefficient (r-.84) is higher than the relationship between the status environment and self-conception(r=.65). 4) The process environment is important than the status environment. So parent's caring attitude and expectation is more important than home accomodations and furniture. 5) Comparing the level(high, middle, low) of academic achievement with self-conception, academic, moral, home and total self-conception of high level is higher than middle and low of academic achievement.

船舶優先特權의 被擔保債權에 관한 硏究

鄭暎錫,李龍鉉,程伊基 한국해양대학교 사회과학연구소 2000 韓國海洋大學校 人文社會科學論叢 Vol.12 No.1

Maritime lien means a statutory security right with a priority to any other right to vessel and its adjuncts which admits a person having a specific maritime claim to be paid before any other creditors. maritime lien with a priority nat having a public notice may damage to the other creditors. And the ship's arrest for the enforcement of maritime lien may atop the ship's operation. So adjustment of the interest between the person concerned is requested. Maritime lien's recognition was found in the theory of procedural, personification, Conflict, and now in the special circumstances of the maritime corp., limitation of the ship owner's liability, public policy, causam pignoris facere etc. I will suggest some proposals to improve this subject in this paper.

오·폐수 처리시설용 다공질 석재 개발

신영수,이윤수,연규석,김철영 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 1999 석재연 논문집 Vol.4 No.-

이 연구는 오·폐수에 함유된 유기물을 제거하기 위하여 일반 시멘트 콘크리트에 비해 우수한 역학적 성질을 갖는 폴리머를 이용한 현무암 다공질 석재를 개발하고, 이에 대한 물리. 역학적 특성 및 정화성능을 실험적으로 구명한 것이다. 그 결과 다공질 소재이나 강도가 높고 적당한 단위체적중량을 갖기 때문에 설치 후 안정성을 확보할 수 있고, 정화성능은 나일론 여재에 비해 떨어지지 않으므로, 현장 설치 및 시공방법에 대한 연구가 이루어질 경우 실용화가 가능할 것으로 판단된다. The objectives of this study were to develop porous media for sewage treatment facility using basalt and to explore the possibility of replacing wall structures of sewage treatment plants improve the efficiency of sewage treatment. It was shown that the porous media developed by using basalt was not as efficient as existing media. However, it is expected that the polymer porous media can be economically applied to existing waste treatment plants and help improve sewage treatment efficiency.