Lidocaine, Thrombin, Epinephrine 의 항균효과

김진우,이동건,전혜선,김승준,김석찬,안중현,김치홍,권순석,김영균,김관형,문화식,신완식,송정섭,박성학 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.6

목적 : 기관지내시경 검사에서 흔히 사용되는 국소마취제인 lidocaine과 내시경시 지혈목적으로 사용되는 thrombin과 epinephrine이 각종 균주에 미치는 항균효과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 균주는 가톨릭대학교 성모병원에서 2004년 3월부터 2004년 9월까지 임상검체 에서 동정된 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa 각각 42, 42, 42, 43주를 대상으로 하였다. Lidocaine, thrombin, epinephrine 감수성 검사는 National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS, 2002)의 기준에 따랐다. 결과 : Lidocaine은 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa에서 MIC_(50), MIC_(90) 모두 20,000 ㎍/mL 이었다. K. pneumoniae는 각각 10,000 ㎍/mL이었다. Thrombin은 S. aureus와 P. aeruginosa에서 MIC50 500 lU/mL 과 MIC_(90) 500 IU/mL 이상이었고, K. pneumoniae에서는 MIC_(50)과 MIC_(90)이 모두 500 lU/mL이상이었으나 S. pneumoniae에서는 MIC_(50)과 MIC_(90)은 125 IU/mL이었다. Epinephrine은 K. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae에 대한 MIC_(50), MIC_(90)가 모두 >500 ㎍/mL이었고, S. aureus와 P. aeruginosa에 대한 MIC_(50), MIC_(90)가 모두 500 ㎍/mL이었다. 결론 : 기관지 내시경 검사에서 흔히 쓰이는 lidocaine, thrombin, epinephrine 등의 약제들이 호흡기 질환의 흔한 병원균인 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa 균주들에 대해 항균 효과가 있을 수 있어 세균배양검사에 영향을 미칠 수 있겠다. Background : We performed this stody to find out about antimicrobial effect of lidocaine which is commonly used local anesthetic, and thrombin and epinephrine used for hemostasis during bronchoscopic procedures. Materials and Methods : The microorganisms that were cultured from specimens obtained during bronchoscopy were Staphylococcus aureus (n=42), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=42), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=42), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=43) collected from St. Mary's Hospital, from March to Sep 2004 were used for susceptibity testing. Susceptibility to lidocaine, thrombin, and epinephrine were tested according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Result : MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of lidocaine for S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa were all 20,000 ㎍/mL and that for K. pneumoniae were 10,000 ㎍/mL. MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of thrombin for both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was 500 IU/mL and above 500 IU/mL, respectively; that for K. pneumoniae were all above 500 IU/mL and for S. pneumoniae they were 125 IU/mL, MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of epinephrine for K. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae were above 500 ㎍/mL; that for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were 500 ㎍/mL. Conclusion : We observed possible antimicrobial effect of lidocaine, thrombin, and epinephrine in vitro against pathogens such as S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, which are common respiratory microorganisms. The use of these agants could affect the result of bacterial culture.

연질폴리염화비닐 발포체의 발포온도 강하에 관한 연구

徐寬浩,金祐埴,池一勳 慶北大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.47 No.-

To decrease the blowing temperature of paste PVC, citric acid, boric acid, boric acid, 4,4'-oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide), and p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide were mixtured in azodicarbonamide with warious weight ratios, respectively. Boric acid had not an important effect on the decreasing the decomposition temperature of azodicarbonamide. Citric acid had a good effect on the decomposition temperature of azodicarbonamide. But, when the citric acid was used as co-blowing agent, the cell of PVC foam was bad. 4,4'-oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) and p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide had a good effect on the decreasing the decomposition temperature of azodicarbonamide, and the cell of PVC foam was good. Moreover, when 4,4'-oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) was used as co-blowing agent, the cell of PVC foam was excellent.

pH 변화에 따른 클로라민 생성과 분해 특성

조관형,김평청,우달식,조영태 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.4

본 연구의 시료는 현재 서울특별시와 수도권 도시들에서 상수원수로 이용하고 있는 한강수를 대상으로 수행되었다. 배·급수계통의 2차 소독을 위한 클로라민소독의 특성에 관하여 고찰하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 25 ℃, Cl_2 / NH_3-N비 1:1 ~ 14:1에서 pH6, 7, 8의 불연속점은 각각 Cl_2 / NH_3-N비 11:1, 9:1, 10:1이었다. pH6의 경우, Cl_2 / NH_3-N비가 9:1일 때 총 잔류염소량이 최대인 반면, pH7, 8의 경우 Cl_2 / NH_3-N비가 각각 6:1, 5:1일 때 최대가 되었다. 2) pH가 6, 7, 8로 증가함에 따라 모노클로라민이 최대로 생성되는 Cl_2 / NH_3-N비는 7:1에서 5:1로 이동하였으며, pH6 ~ 8 범위에서 pH가 증가함에 따라 모노클로라민의 생성량이 많았다. 3) 클로라민의 분해는 Cl_2 / NH_3-N비가 증가하고 pH가 낮을수록 증가하였다. 클로라민의 잔류성은 유리염소보다 월등히 좋았다. pH6에서 모노클로라민과 디클로라민이 생성된 이후, 접촉시간이 경과함에 따라 디클로라민의 분포비가 증가하였다. This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of chloramination as a secondary disinfection in a drinking water distribution system. At the range from pH 6 to pH 8, monochloramine was predominant with a trace of dichloramine, and the free chlorine was detected after breakpoint. At 25℃, the breakpoints of pH 6, 7 and 8 appeared when the weight ratios of chlorine to ammonia nitrogen were 11:1, 9:1 and 10:1 respectively, and the peak points on the breakpoint curves at pH 6, 7 and 8 were in the Cl_2 / NH_3-N ratio of 9:1, 6:1 and 5:1 respectively. As pH increased from 6 to 8, maximum point of monochloramine on the breakpoint curve was moved from 7:1 to 5:1 in the weight ratio of chlorine to ammonia nitrogen. The maximum concentration of monochloramine was formed at the pH values of 7~8 and in the Cl_2 / NH_3-N ratio below 5:1. As the Cl_2 / NH_3-N ratio increased and the pH lowered, chloramines decay proceeded at an increased rate, and residual chloramines lasted longer than the residual free chlorine. The monochloramine and the dichloramine were formed at pH 6, and then the dichloramine continued increasing with contact lime.

N-메틸화된 폴리(4-비닐피리딘)과 메틸오렌지동족체와의 상호작용에 있어서 무기전해질 첨가의 영향

김우식,서관호 경북대학교 산업기술연구소 1987 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.15 No.-

The binding of methyl orange and its homologs by N-methylated poly (4-vinylpyridine) has been investigated in the presence of sodium ch1-oride by the equilibrium dialysis method. The first binding constants and the Gibbs free energy changes for these binding systems were calculated in various concentrations of NaCl in order to clarify the effects of sodium chloride on the binding behaviors and to gain some insight into the nature binding energy. It was found that the first binding constants decreased with an increase in sodium chloride concentration and tend to approach a constant value above 0.4 mol NaCl. This might be due to the shielding of electric field around the binding system. The electrostatic force for the binding of methyl orange, ethyl orange, propyl orange by N-methylated poly (4-vinylpyridine) were estimated to be -1.97~-1.96㎉/㏖ and the other binding forces -4.31, -4.53, -4.78 ㎉/㏖ respectively. From these results, the calculated hydrophobic contribution for these binding systems were 69~71%. Therefore, the hydrophobic interaction seems to play an important role in these binding systems.

하악골 충격시 안면 두개골의 응력분산양상에 미치는 구강보호장치의 역할에 관한 유한요소법적 연구

김일한,노관태,노현식,김지연,우이형,Kung-Rock Kwon,최대균 대한치과보철학회 2012 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.50 No.1

연구 목적: 이 연구의 목적은 하악골 충격 시 안면 두개골의 응력 분산양상에 미치는 구강보호장치의 효과에 대해 조사하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법:: 구강보호장치를 제작하고 사람의 머리부위와 치열의 3차원적 유한요소 모델을 컴퓨터 토모그래피를 사용하여 제작하였다. 머리부위의 finite element model은 356,092요소와, 87,099절점으로 이루어져 있다. 그리고 skull과 maxillae, mandible, articular disc, teeth, 그리고 구강보호장치로 구성되었다. 경부의 움직임을 묘사하기 위하여 스프링이 사용되었다. 하악골의 충격점은 gnathion, center of inferior border 와 anterior edge of gonial angle이었다. 충격방향은 수직, 경사방향(45 도), 그리고 수평이다. 충격량은 0.1초당 800 N이었다. 결과: 수직충격을 가한 경우에는 구강보호장치의 장착여부와 무관하게 비슷한 응력과 분산양상이 나타났다(P>.05). 경사충격(45 도)을 가한 경우 구강보호장치를 장착한 모델에서는 응력이 치아와 안면골 및 두개골로 넓게 분산되었으나 이에 비하여 장착하지 않은 모델에서는 치아에 응력이 집중되었다(P<.05). 수평충격을 가한 경우 구강보호 장치를 장착한 모델에서는 응력이 치아와 안면골 및 두개골로 넓게 분산되었으나 이에 비하여 장착하지 않은 모델에서는 치아에 응력이 집중되었다(P<.05). 구강보호장치를 장착하지 않은 모델에서는 상악 치아에 응력이 집중되는 반면, 장착한 모델에서는 모든 충격실험에서 계측된 응력이 매우 낮았으며, 전달된 응력이 상악 치아와 안면골 및 두개골로 넓게 분산되었다. 결론: 구강보호장치는 외부충격 시에 하악에 수직으로 가해지는 충격에는 완충효과가 적었고, 45 도 경사 충격과 수평 충격에는 발생하는 응력을 안면골과 두개골의 넓은 범위로 분산시키고 응력을 감소시켜 응력의 완충 효과가 있었다. PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a mouthguard on stress distribution under mandibular impact. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The FEM model of head consisted of skull, maxilla, mandible, articular disc, teeth, and mouthguard. The impact locations on mandible were gnathion, the center of inferior border, and the anterior edge of gonial angle. And the impact directions were vertical, oblique (45 degrees), and horizontal. The impact load was 800 N for 0.1 sec. RESULTS. When vertical impact was applied, the similar stress and the distribution pattern was occurred without the relation of the mouthguard use (P>.05). The model with mouthguard was dispersed the stress to the teeth, the facial bone and the skull when the oblique (45 degrees) impacts were happened. However, the stress was centralized on the teeth in the model without mouthguard (P<.05). The model with mouthguard was dispersed the stress to the teeth, the facial bone and the skull when the horizontal impacts was occurred. However, the stress was centralized on the teeth without mouthguard (P<.05). For all impact loads, stress concentrated on maxillary anterior teeth in model without mouthguard, on the contrary, the stress was low in the model with mouthguard and distributed broadly on maxillary anterior teeth, facial bone, and skull. CONCLUSION. The mouthguard was less effective at shock absorbing when vertical impact was added. However, it was approved that mouthguard absorbed the shock regarded to the oblique (45 degrees) and horizontal impact by dispersing the shock to the broader areas and decreasing the stress.

야뇨증 환아들의 심리사회적 특성에 대한 다기관 연구 : 행동 및 정서 문제를 중심으로

조수철,김재원,신민섭,황준원,한상원,박관현,이상돈,김경도,김건석,서홍진,이유식,정재용,김영균,문두건,남궁미경,한창희,조원열,김영식,배기수,이종국,정우영,신의진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral and emotional problems associated with nocturnal enuresis in Korean children. Methods : Three hundred eighteen children with nocturnal enuresis, together with their parents, completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale according to DSM-IV (DBDS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC). Ninety-three normal students were selected as the control group. Results : Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores with regard to the withdrawn, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher in the nocturnal enuresis group according to the CBCL results. The nocturnal enuresis group also scored significantly higher in the ADHD and ODD profiles of the DBDS. The nocturnal enuresis group was more depressed and anxious than the control group according to the results of the CDI and STAI. The mean score of the PHCSC was significantly lower in the nocturnal enuresis group when compared to the normal control group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis in Korea have clinically relevant behavioral and emotional problems. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in Korean children.

각종 간질환에서 Tc - 99m pertechnetate 경직장 문맥신티그라피를 이용한 문맥 순환의 평가

김관우 ( Kwan Woo Kim ),김종순 ( Chong Soon Kim ),김학산 ( Hak San Kim ),박원 ( Won Park ),이범우 ( Bum Woo Lee ),서관식 ( Kwan Sik Suh ),이봉휘 ( Bong Hwi Lee ),김광일 ( Kang Il Kim ) 대한소화기학회 1989 대한소화기학회지 Vol.21 No.4

N/A Portal circultion in patients with various liver diseases was evaluated by Tc-99m pertechnetate per-rectal scintigraphy. 10mCi of pertechnetate was instilled into the upper rectum, and serial scintigrams were taken. Time-activity curves for the liver and heart were recorded sequentially. Through analysis of these curves, the per-rectal portal shunt indices were calculated for 15 norrnal controls, 12 with acute hepatitis (AH), 28 with chronic hepatitis, 51 with liver cirrhosis, 1 with falminant hepatic failure (FHF ). 5 with hepatic congestion (I-IC) due to congestive heart failure (CHF). The results obtained were as follows: 1) 15 normal controls and the patients with acute and chronic hepatitis all had 'Pattern II' scintigrams, and the patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatic congestion had 'Pattern II' scintigrams. One patient with FHF showed 'Pattern II' scintigram. 2) The shunt index (SI) in the normal controls was l.32±1.30%, in AH 10.9±5.7%, in CPH 5.4±2.3%, in CAH 11.8±4.2%, in LC 72.4±21.6%, in HC 39.9±27.2%, and in one FHF 75.4%. 3) Patients with various liver diseases had the significantly higher SI than the normal controls (p < 0.001). Also, the SI in pts. with liver cirrhosis was significantly higher than that of all the other groups (p < 0.001). 4) The mean SI was significantly higher for chronic liver diseases, that were more severe, increasing in the order of CPH, CAH and liver cirrhosis (p<0.001). Also, pts. With AH and CAH showed the significantly higher SI than pts. With CPH (p<0.001), and there was no significant difference in the SI between pts. With AH and CAH (p>0.05). 5) The mean SI was significantly higher in the cirrhotic pts. With varices, encephalopathy, splenomegaly or ascites than in such patient without them (p<0.005). 6) The mean SI in the cirrhotic pts, was calculated according to the modified Child's classification, of which results were that the SI was increased significantly in the order of Grade A, B and C (p< 0.001). 7) In one patient with LC, SI was much decreased from 39.5% before surgery to 7.1% after surgery. The above results suggest that per-rectal portal scintigraphy can be used to evaluate the portal circulation non-invasively and diagnose the portal hypertension in various liver diseases. Also, it can be used to express the degree of any portal hypertension not only by images but also quantitatively, using shunt index, and it is considered useful for the observation of the course of liver diseases and eva]uation of effectiveness of therapy.

항균제로서 8 - 히드록시퀴놀린의 moiety 를 가지는 아크릴고분자의 합성과 특성

김우식(Woo Sik Kim),김진우(Jin Woo Kim),현석희(Seok Hee Hyun),이동호(Dong Ho Lee),민경은(Kyung Eun Min),박이순(Lee Soon Park),서관호(Kwan Ho Seo),강인규(Inn Kyu Kang) 한국공업화학회 2002 공업화학 Vol.13 No.3

항균성을 가지는 아크릴호제를 제조하기 위하여 8-quinolinyl acrylate와 아크릴호제 성분의 단량체(에틸아크릴레이트, 메틸메타크릴레이트 및 아크릴산)를 다성분 라디칼 공중합하였다. 제조한 아크릴고분자의 수율과 분자량은 중합시간이 길어짐에 따라 증가하였다. 이 고분자의 수평균 분자량은 26000~41000에 있었고 다분산성 지수는 3.0~4.2에 있었다. 유리전이 온도는 36℃ 정도였고 초기 열분해온도는 250℃ 정도였다. 이 고분자로부터 방출되는 8-히드록시퀴놀린의 양은 방출용액의 pH 증가에 따라 증가하였다. 이 결과는 고분자 중의 아크릴산 단위의 카르복실기의 수소 해리에 의해 설명될 수 있었다. 이 고분자의 항균성은 음성균 E. Coli에 대해 아주 우수하였다. 8-Quinolinyl acrylate and monomers of ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and acrylic acid were radically copolymerized in order to prepare an acrylic sizing agent with microbicidal activity. The yield and the molecular weight of the polymer increased with increasing the polymerization time. The number-average molecular weight was in the range of 26000 to 42000, and the polydispersity was in the range of 3.0 to 4.2. The glass transition temperature was at around 36 ℃, and the initial decomposition temperature was around 250 ℃. The release rate of 8-hydroxyquinoline from the polymer increased with increasing pH of the release medium. This result was attributed to the enhanced proton dissociation of carboxyl group of the acrylic acid unit in the polymer. The polymer was excellent for reducing microbial activity of the E. Coli.

u-교량 모니터링 시범 시스템 개발

이우식(Lee Woo Sik),남상관(Nam Sang Kwan),구지희(Koo Jee Hee),우제윤(Woo Je Yoon) 대한토목학회 2006 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2006 No.10

u-교량 모니터링 시스템 구축에 관한 연구

이우식(Lee Woo Sik),남상관(Nam Sang Kwan),구지희(Koo Jee Hee),우제윤(Woo Je Yoon) 대한토목학회 2005 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.10