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Vaccine Cold Chain Monitoring System Using IoT Vaccine Fridge for Developing Countries
유장현(Jang-Hyeon Lyu),박사무엘(Samuel Park),류종하(Jong-Ha Yu),왕심린(Xin-Lin Wang),임혁순(Hyuck-Soon Im),이협승(Hyop-Seung Rhee),안성훈(Sung-Hoon Ahn) 적정기술학회 2021 적정기술학회지(Journal of Appropriate Technology) Vol.7 No.1
콜드체인의 마지막 단계인 백신전달 과정에서 대부분 얼음을 넣은 단열컨테이너로 온도를 조절하며, 백신의 온도 조절이 적절하지 않아 낭비되는 백신의 양이 상당하다. 예방접종을 관리하고 운영하는데 온도 데이터가 중요하며, 본 연구에서는 실시간 백신전달 모니터링 시스템을 개발하였다. 휴대용 백신 냉장고의 온도, 위치 및 전력 소비 데이터를 수집하기 위해 문자(Short Message Service) 통신 방법을 사용하였고, 한국과 탄자니아(아루샤 및 킬리만자로 지역)에서 시스템을 테스트하였다. 개발된 백신 냉장고는 문자통신을 통해 데이터 손실없이 실시간으로 백신상태를 모니터링을 할 수 있었다. 백신의 상태 및 데이터는 클라우드 서버를 통해 웹 기반 유저 인터페이스에서 확인할 수 있었다. In the process of vaccine delivery and vaccination, temperature is mostly controlled by an insulated containers containingice. Moreover, amount of wasted vaccine is significant because the temperature of the vaccine is not properly controlled.A core challenge of vaccination is temperature data monitoring, since it is critical for managing and operating strategicalvaccination by health organizations. In this research, a real-time monitoring vaccine carrier system was developed. Temperature,location, and power consumption data of the vaccine carrier were monitored and working performances of thevaccine carrier were tested in both Korea and Tanzania (Arusha and Kilimanjaro regions). For both places, Short MessageService (SMS) communication method was used to send information of the carrier’s status. As a result, the monitoringsystem was able to transmit and receive real-time data of the vaccine carrier status while the vaccine carrier was tested.The vaccine status data can be accessed from any location through the cloud server and web-based user interface.
류장현 ( Lyu Jang Hyeon ),강선홍 ( Kang Seon Hong ) 한국물환경학회 2003 한국물환경학회지 Vol.19 No.3
In this study, Anoxic/Oxic type MBR(Membrane Bioreactor) was applied to overcome a defect of conventional wastewater treatment and to treat wastewater stably. The flowrate of influent to plant used in this study is 200 cubic meter per day. The plant is located in public livestock treatment plant in C country. A goal of this study is to investigate organics, T-N, T-P and NH₄^(+)-N removal rates as C/N ratio changes when MBR combined with NO treats livestock wastewater. MLSS in aerobic reactor was maintained at about 7000 ㎎/L. Tubular Membrane process filtered by cross-flow in the membrane was used to treat livestock wastewater. Membrane (area : 0.5㎡ and velocity : 1.5-4 m/s) was made of polysulfone. Wastewater passed through anoxic reactor(l.064㎡) and aerobic reactor(3.352㎡) was transferred to drum screen to remove solid in there by pump, then, wastewater removed solids was continuously transferred to UF concentrator. The last process is membrane process. BOD, SCOD, T-N, T-P, NH₄^(+)-N, and SS removal rates are 99.9%, 79.5%, 98.3%, 54.9%, 99.6%, and 99.9%, respectively. As C/N ratio increased, T-N and NH₄^(+)-N removal rates increased directly, too.
고포도당으로 자극한 족세포 및 초기 당뇨 사구체에서 P-cadherin mRNA 및 단백의 발현
류동열 ( Lyu Dong Yeol ),허종호 ( Heo Jong Ho ),유태현 ( Yu Tae Hyeon ),장제현 ( Jang Je Hyeon ),정동섭 ( Jeong Dong Seob ),이수현 ( Lee Su Hyeon ),김진주 ( Kim Jin Ju ),최규헌 ( Choe Gyu Heon ),이호영 ( Lee Ho Yeong ),한대석 ( Ha 대한신장학회 2003 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.22 No.5
목 적 : 당뇨병성 신증은 임상적으로는 단백뇨가 가장 특징적인 소견으로, 최근의 연구에 의하면 당뇨병성 신증을 포함한 대부분의 사구체 질환에 의한 단백뇨는 사구체 여과 장벽 (glomerular filtration barrier)의 이상에 의해 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 저자들은 포도당으로 자극한 배양 족세포와 streptozotocin으로 당뇨가 유발된 백서의 사구체를 이용하여 사구체 여과장벽 중 세극막 (slit diaphragm)에 존재하는 것으로 알려져 있는 P-cadherin의 변화를 관찰함으로써 당뇨병성 신증에서 단백의 병인을 규명하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 불멸 생쥐 족세포 (immortalized mouse podocytes)글 정상 포도당 (5.6 mM), 고포당 (30 mM), 그리고 정상 포도당+만니톨 (24.4 mM)로 7일간 자극한 후 P-cadherin mRNA와 단백 발현의 변화를 각각 RT-PCR과 Western blot을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 또한, 12마리의 Sprague-Dawley 백서를 대상으로 대조군 (6마리)과 당뇨 (6마리)으로 나누어 당뇨 유발 6주 후에 분리한 사체를 이용하여 RT-PCR과 Western blot을 시행하였으며, 조직에서의 P-cadherin 발현은 면역조직화학 염색법을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 결 과 : 고포도당은 배양 족세포의 P-cadherin mRNA와 단백 발현을 각각 47%, 62% 감소 시켰으나 (p<0.05), 만니톨은 P-cadherin의 발현에 영향을 주시 않았다. 24시간 요알부민 배설은 대조군에 비해 당뇨군에서 의의있게 높았다 (3.15±0.24 ㎎ vs. 12.80±1.12 ㎎, p<0.01). 사구체내 P-cadherin mRNA의 발현은 당뇨군에서 대조군에 비해 58% 감소되었으며 (p<0.05), P-cadherin 단백 발현 역시 당뇨군에서 대조군에 비해 67% 감소되었다 (p<0.05). 면역 조직화학 염색 결과 사구체내 P-cadherin 단백의 발현은 족세포에 국한되었으며, 대소군에 비해 당뇨군에서 의의있게 감소되어 있었다 (p<0.05). 결 론 : 이상의 생체내외 실험 결과로 보아, 당뇨병성 신증에서 사구체 족세포내 P-cadherin의 발현 감소가 단백뇨의 발생과 관련이 있을 것으로 생각된다. Background : Proteinuria is a cardinal feature of glomerular disease including diabetic nephropathy, and glomerular filtration barrier is considered as a filter restricting protein excretion in urine. We tested whether the expression of P-cadherin, a molecule known to be located at the slit diaphragm, was altered by high glucose in cultured podocytes in vitro and by diabetes in vivo. Methods : In vitro, immortalized mouse podocytes were cultured in media with 5.6 mM glucose (NG), NG+24.4 mM mannitol (NG+M), or 30 mM glucose (HG) for 7 days at 37C. Cell lysates were used for RT-PCR and Western blot. For animal studies, twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with diluent (Control, C, N=6) or streptozotocin (DM, N=6) intraperitoneally, and were sacrificed after 6 weeks. RT-PCR and Western blot for P-cadherin mRNA and protein expression, respectively, were performed with sieved glomeruli, and immunohistochemistry with renal tissue. Results : HG significantly reduced P-cadherin mRNA and protein expression in cultured podocytes by 47% and 6296, respectively (p<0.05). Twenty-four hour urinary albumin excretion was significantly higher in DM (12.80i1.12 mg/day) compared to C rats (3.15k0.24 mg/day) (p<0.05). Glomerular P-cadherin mRNA expression was significantly lower in DM than that in C rats (p<0.05).P-cadherin protein expression assessed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry showed a similar pattern. Conclusion: Exposure of podocytes to HG in vitro and diabetes in vivo reduced P-cadherin mRNA and protein expression. These findings suggest that the decrease in P-cadherin expression is connected to the early changes of diabetic nephropathy and thus may contribute to the development of proteinuria.
운동훈련과 녹차음용이 고지방식이 흰쥐의 혈중지질 및 항산화시스템에 미치는 영향
류승필 ( Lyu Seung Pil ),서효빈 ( Seo Hyo Bin ),김현국 ( Kim Hyeon Gug ),장응찬 ( Jang Eung Chan ),조대승 ( Jo Dae Seung ),이수천 ( Lee Su Cheon ) 한국운동영양학회 2003 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.7 No.1
Green tea polyphenol is widely known to have an antioxidant effect in human and rats. Polyphenol, which extracted from green tea, has bitter taste and hard to gain. Therfore, in the present study, green tea was used as the supplement itself. Thirty two rats were divided into control (CON) and high fat fed (HF) group, and they were sub-grouped as water as a placebo (W) and green tea (GT) ingestion group, respectively. They have exercised on the treadmill and fed 43% of fat diet or normal diet for 5 weeks. Green tea, packed with the leaf, was solved in the hot water (85℃) for 5 min and 100㎖ was supplied every 8 A.M. Blood TC, HDL-C, and TG were analyzed using enzymatic methods and LDL-C was calculated by reported previously. SOD and MDA were analyzed to prove antioxidant effect of green tea. Body weight and food consumption were not significantly different between groups. TC and HDL-C were significantly between CON and HF group (p<0.05). TG was significantly lower in GT of HF group (p<0.05). MDA content was significantly lowed in GT in HF group (p<0.05). These results suggested that green tea ingestion lowers the lipid peroxidation and risk of obese when HF diet fed rats.
류현호 ( Lyu Hyeon Ho ),김성경 ( Kim Seong Gyeong ),이승열 ( Lee Seung Yeol ),윤광섭 ( Yun Gwang Seob ),이상녕 ( Lee Sang Nyeong ),이장용 ( Lee Jang Yong ),나재호 ( Na Jae Ho ) 대한산부인과학회 2003 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.46 No.9
Several cases of ruptured pregnant uterine horn have been documented. However, there have been few reported cases of ectopic tubal pregnancy in a unicornuate with rudimentary horn. So we report this case with a brief review literature.
폐경이행기 여성에서 Inhibin A와 Inhibin B의 혈중농도와 난소에서의 발현변화
김장흡 ( Kim Jang Heub ),김미란 ( Kim Mi Lan ),이윤진 ( Lee Yun Jin ),황성진 ( Hwang Seong Jin ),조현희 ( Jo Hyeon Hui ),류기성 ( Lyu Gi Seong ),유영옥 ( Yu Yeong Og ),한구택 ( Han Gu Taeg ),나종구 ( Na Jong Gu ),김진홍 ( Kim Jin 대한산부인과학회 2003 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.46 No.12
목적 : Inhibin은 α-subunit와 β-subunit로 구성된 이질 이량체의 당단백으로 β-subunit의 차이에 의해 inhibin A (α-βA)와 inhibin B (α-βB)로 구분된다. 여성에서 inhibin은 주로 난소의 과립막세포 및 황체에서 생산되어 뇌하수체의 FSH 분비를 억제한다고 알려져 왔으나, 임신중 태반과 남성의 고환에서도 생산된다는 사실이 밝혀져 다양한 생리적 작용이 추정되고 있으며 최근에 inhibin A와 B를 분리 Objective : To understand the physiologic effects and secretion pattern of inhibin A and inhibin B during menstrual cycle and menopausal transition, inhibin A and inhibin B levels were measured. And to detect any changes in expression of inhibins in human