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The Signaling Mechanism of TGF-β<sub>1</sub> Induced Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cell Apoptosis
Di, He-Shuang,Wang, Li-Gang,Wang, Gen-Lin,Zhou, Lei,Yang, Yuan-Yuan Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.3
The present study showed that Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-${\beta}_1$) can induce apoptosis of bovine mammary epithelial cells. This apoptosis was also observed with phosphorylation of Smad2/3 within 0.5-2 h. Afterwards the signal transferred into the nucleus. Moreover, intracellular free $Ca^{2+}$ concentration was significantly elevated as well as Caspase-3 activated and DNA lysised, thereby inducing the programmed cell death. This signaling pathway of TGF-${\beta}_1$ was blocked by SB-431542 ($10^{-2}{\mu}M$) via inhibiting ALK-5 kinase activity, which thus reversed the anti-proliferation and apoptosis effect of TGF-${\beta}_1$ in mammary epithelial cells. These results indicated that TGF-${\beta}_1$ induced apoptosis of bovine mammary epithelial cells through the ALK-5-Smad2/3 pathway, which plays an important role in inhibiting survival of mammary epithelial cells. Moreover, intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ also played a critical role in TGF-${\beta}_1$-induced cell apoptosis.
Tan Pi Qiang,Li Yun Peng,Wang De Yuan,Hu Zhi Yuan,Lou Di Ming 한국자동차공학회 2022 International journal of automotive technology Vol.23 No.4
To meet increasingly stringent emission regulations, diesel engines must be equipped with DOC, DPF and SCR. Five performance parameters including system back pressure, HC conversion efficiency, conversion efficiency of NO to NO2, passive regeneration rate, and conversion efficiency of NO to N2 are very important for DOC+DPF+SCR system. Nine structural parameters including rDOC, rDPF, rSCR, σDOC, σDPF, σSCR, δDOC, δDPF, and δSCR di rectly a ffect t he f i ve performance parameters, this paper has carried out a detailed study on it. First, a simulation model of DOC+DPF+SCR system was established, and calibrated by experiment. Then, simulation was performed on the five performance parameters under different values of the nine structural parameters. Subsequently, a novel model using random forest algorithm was established to analyze the correlation between the performance parameters and the structural parameters. The results show that σDPF has the greatest influence on system backpressure, followed by rDPF. The rDOC has the greatest influence on HC conversion, followed by σDOC. The rDOC has the greatest influence on conversion of NO to NO2, followed by σDOC. The rDPF has the greatest influence on DPF passive regeneration rate, followed by rDOC. The rSCR has the greatest influence on conversion of NO to N2, followed by rDOC.
Yuan Song,Xiangqun Wu,Di Yang,Fang Fang,Lingshi Meng,Ya Liu,Weiwei Cui 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Journal of medicinal food Vol.23 No.4
Much research has indicated that alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation induced by ethanol, and that numerous antioxidants could effectively alleviate such injuries. Moreover, recent studies have identified andrographolide (AD) as having strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which can block oxidative damage associated with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation. However, the biological role and potential mechanism of AD in its protection against ALD have not been fully characterized. To observe the possible effect of AD, male C57BL/6J mice received ethanol through intragastrical gavage for 12 weeks in this study. The ethanol group was separated into five subgroups: (1) model group (n = 10); (2) silymarin group (0.1 mg/g body weight [BW], n = 10); (3) AD (0.05 mg/g BW) group (n = 10); (4) AD (0.1 mg/g BW) group (n = 10); and (5) AD (0.2 mg/g BW) group (n = 10). Mice in AD groups were treated orally by gavage once per day. The experimental results show that serum aminotransferase, liver lipids, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant capacities were significantly changed in the model group after alcohol treatment, and the liver tissue histological findings showed pathological changes. Compared with the model group, treatment with AD improved serum aminotransferase, liver function, lipid accumulation, and hepatic reactive oxygen species levels. And AD decreased the hepatic NF-κB and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) protein expression of ALD mice. This research demonstrated that AD can alleviate liver pathological injury and oxidative stress in mice exposed to ethanol by decreasing the expression of NF-κB and TNF-α.
Analysis of the Difference of Spray Angles based on Various Definitions and Calculation Criterions
( Yuan Gao ),( Li Guang Li ),( Ya Gao ),( Wei Di Huang ),( Jun Deng ),( Tao Li Gu ) 한국액체미립화학회 2010 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.-
Spray angle is one of the key spray macro parameters which reflect fuel atomization characteristics and fuel and air entrainment quality directly; it then could affect the combustion efficiency and emission formation in cylinder. As the spray characteristics are widely investigated, there are already some kinds of definition and calculation methods for spray angle. Although all these definitions reflect the spray angle trends correspondingly, the difference between these definitions and calculation results was seldom studied. This paper focuses on the comparison and analysis the spray angle results based on the different calculation criterions, and the trend of these key points versus time at various calculation criterions which determine spray angle.
Di Hu,Hui Zou,Tao Han,Junze Xie,Nannan Dai,Liling Zhuo,Jianhong Gu,Jianchun Bian,Yan Yuan,Xuezhong Liu,Zongping Liu 대한수의학회 2016 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.17 No.1
Gap junctions mediate direct communication between cells; however, toxicological cascade triggered by nonessential metals can abrogate cellular signaling mediated by gap junctions. Although cadmium (Cd) is known to induce apoptosis in organs and tissues, the mechanisms that underlie gap junction activity in Cd-induced apoptosis in BRL 3A rat liver cells has yet to be established. In the present study, we showed that Cd treatment decreased the cell index (a measure of cellular electrical impedance) in BRL 3A cells. Mechanistically, we found that Cd exposure decreased expression of connexin 43 (Cx43), increased expression of p-Cx43 and elevated intracellular free Ca2+ concentration, corresponding to a decrease in gap junctional intercellular communication. Gap junction blockage pretreatment with 18b-glycyrrhizic acid (GA) promoted Cd-induced apoptosis, involving changes in expression of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and the mitochondrial transmembrane electrical potential (Δym). Additionally, GA was found to enhance ERK and p38 activation during Cd-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, but had no significant effect on JNK activation. Our results indicated the apoptosis-related proteins and the ERK and p38 signaling pathways may participate in gap junction blockage promoting Cd-induced apoptosis in BRL 3A cells.
Di Geng,Yuan Feng Chen,Mativenga, Mallory,Jin Jang IEEE 2015 IEEE electron device letters Vol.36 No.8
<P>We report the design and fabrication of a high-yield, a high-speed, and an ultranarrow gate driver with amorphous-indium - gallium - zinc-oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs). A single stage of the gate driver consists of nine TFTs and one capacitor. For supply voltage (VDD) of 20 V, the gate driver operates with a pulsewidth of 2 μs, which is compatible with a 4k2k display operated at 240 Hz. In addition, the proposed gate driver is ultrasmall in physical size, which is only 30 μm in width (pitch) and 720 μm in length, and thus suitable for small-size, high-resolution, and narrow bezel display.</P>
Nai-Di Tan,Jian-Hang Yin,Yaqing Yuan,Lei Meng,Na Xu 대한화학회 2018 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.39 No.5
Herein, a novel bright?green and highly fluorescent polyethyleneimine capped copper nanoclusters (CuNCs@PEI) has been hydrothermally synthesized, which is employed as a fluorescence probe to determine rifampicin. Under optimum synthetic conditions, the morphology, surface chemistry and optical features of resulting CuNCs@PEI are well characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV?Vis absorption spectra, transient and steady?state fluorescence. In comparison to previous reports, the new species with a larger diameter of approximately 3 nm exhibit higher fluorescence quantum yield (QY) up to nearly 10.7%, and demonstrate tolerability to extreme pH, high ionic strengths as well as long?term UV irradiation. These excellent optical properties ascribe to unique grain size and surface chemical features of products, which are further discussed in this work. In addition, we employed as?prepared CuNCs@PEI to detect rifampicin based on fluorescence quenching phenomenon. The fluorescence intensity of probe is linearly proportional to rifampicin over the concentration rage from 0 to 20??M, where the limit of detection (LOD) is 50?nM. Besides, this probe can be also used to assay rifampicin in serum samples with satisfactory recoveries.
Nai-Di Tan,Yaqing Yuan,Jian-Hang Yin,Na Xu 대한화학회 2017 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.38 No.8
A novel assay for H2O2 based on luminescence quenching is developed from the Dakin reaction between deprotonated salicylaldehyde (D-SA) and H2O2. Under alkaline condition, the phenolic hydroxyl group of SA is deprotonated, exhibiting good luminescence emission ability (λex = 433 nm, λem = 508 nm). Luminescence of D-SA is quenched by H2O2 in a concentration-dependent manner. Good linearity is obtained with a regression coefficient of 0.9989 in the range of 0.3 ~ 150 μM and a detection limit (LOD) is 30 nM. In addition, D-SA luminescence probe shows good biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity to HeLa cells through MTT assay. The feasibility for in vitro applications is demonstrated through confocal laser scanning microscopy.
Meng Yuan,Di Tan 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.2
An in-wheel motor (IWM) drive system highly integrates the drive motor, deceleration mechanism, and brake, among others, in the wheel, resulting in difficulty dissipating heat. The uneven temperature distribution of the motor is caused by its eccentricity owing to road excitation, tire bounce, and installation errors. This non-uniformity generates thermal stress that endangers motor operation and also causes the motor‘s local temperature to increase substantially, thereby affecting its performance. To solve this problem, this study takes a 15 kW IWM as research object to quantitatively analyze the temperature distribution of rated and peak conditions of the motor under different eccentricities. The influence law of eccentricity on the thermal characteristics of IWM is obtained. Results show that the eccentricity of motor has substantial influence on the temperature distribution of stator and rotor.