AI 기술을 이용한 관객 상호작용 노화현상 생성 미디어아트 - 연구자의 미디어아트 작품 〈Chemistry〉를 중심으로 -

마적 ( Ma¸ Di ),김형기 ( Kim¸ Hyunggi ) 한국영상미디어협회 2020 예술과 미디어 Vol.19 No.1

본 논문은 상호주관성의 철학적 사유에 입각하여 인간과 인공지능의 의식과 감정 사이의 관계를 탐구한다. 제2장에서는 국내외 미디어아트와 생성적 대립 신경망(Generative Adversarial Network)의 기술 개발 현황, 그리고 작품 〈Chemistry〉의 예술성과 기술성에 대해 자세히 설명했다. 제3장에서는 작품 〈Chemistry〉가 주는 영감과 사고를 바탕으로 한 상호주관성 사유의 관점에서 인공지능이 ‘인간 의식과 감정의 확장’이라는 점을 철학적으로 증명하고자 시도했다. 인공지능이란, 인간의 지능을 기술적으로 모방하여 ‘사물화’시킨 것이다. 본 작품에서는 이러한 인공지능을 활용하여 감상하는 관객이 공감하도록 유도했다. 대략적으로 설명하자면, 우선 인공지능으로 사람의 얼굴을 인식하여 안면 노화를 진행시킨다. 그리고 사계절의 변화와 꽃이 시드는 과정을 함께 보여줌으로써 관객은 마음 깊은 곳에서 작품과 상호작용 할 수 있도록 했다. 이러한 과정을 통해 ‘인간의 의식’에서는 확장이 일어난다. 제3장에서는 인공지능의 단점을 보완하기 위한 해법을 제시했다. 왜냐하면 오늘날 아무리 빠르게 발전하고 있는 인공지능이라고 해도 인간의 깊은 감정적 욕구까지 충족하지 못하기 때문이다. 이때 예술이 인간과 기계 사이에서 일어나는 상호작용의 매개체로 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 인공지능은 인간의 심층적인 감정과 그 울림을 정확하게 식별하지 못한다. 이에 반해 예술은 가장 인간적인 요소이다. 인간이 창조한 예술은 무형의 형태로 모든 사람들에게 지속적인 영향을 미치고 있다. 예술은 매우 간단해 보이는 방식으로도 사람의 마음을 감동시킬 수 있다. 필자의 작품에서는 예술을 인간과 인공지능 간의 소통을 가능케 하는 ‘다리’ 역할을 한다. 과학 연구에 대한 사회적 관심이 날로 높아지는 가운데, 우리는 철학적 관점에서 인간과 인공지능 사이의 관계를 깊이 고찰해야 하며 매개체 역할을 하는 인공지능의 능동성에 주목해야 한다. This article uses the philosophy of intersubjectivity to examine the connection between artificial intelligence and human emotional awareness. It first analyzes Korea and overseas new media art along with technological development based on generative adversarial networks, and then provides a detailed explanation of the artistry and techniques used in the new media artwork Chemistry. while the third chapter, on the foundation of our grouped artwork as inspirational thinking and based on intersubjective thinking, elaborates on artificial intelligence as a philosophical viewpoint of the extension of human emotional awareness. Artificial intelligence is a simulated technological phase of awareness and the ‘objectification’ of intelligence. People create a sense of empathy when they view artwork. In addition, artificial intelligence can distinguish between human faces, and can detect signs of aging, seasonal changes, as well as when flowers wilt. Artwork causes people to react with profound emotional responses that expand their human awareness. The third chapter finally proposes, in today’s era of rapidly developing artificial intelligence, how artificial intelligence can fulfill humanity’s defects displayed through their deep emotions. The following chapter proposes a solution for this problem, which is to turn art into an emotion- based medium that can enable communication between human beings and artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is incapable of precisely and effectively differentiating between humans’ deep emotional fluctuations. In contrast, art is one of the most humanized things. Humanity creates art, but at the same time, art’s intangible thinking constantly influences each person. It can even use what seems like the simplest methods to touch people’s soul. Therefore, our artwork will view art as an ‘intermediary’ to enable people to communicate with artificial intelligence, and in today’s era in which all of society focuses more on scientific research, this article tries to emphasize the importance of art’s development in artificial intelligence.

Intravenous Thrombolysis Prior to Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Silver Bullet or Useless Bystander?

Federico Di Maria,Mikael Mazighi,Maéva Kyheng,Julien Labreuche,Georges Rodesch,Arturo Consoli,Oguzhan Coskun,Benjamin Gory,Bertrand Lapergue 대한뇌졸중학회 2018 Journal of stroke Vol.20 No.3

Background and Purpose Recent single-center series and meta-analyses suggest that mechanical thrombectomy (MT) without prior intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) might be equally effective to bridging therapy. We analyzed, within the Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke (ETIS) prospective observational registry, the angiographic and clinical outcomes after IVT+MT versus MT alone. Methods From December 2012 to December 2016, a total of 1,507 consecutive patients with a proximal arterial occlusion of the anterior circulation were treated by MT. Of these, 975 (64.7%) received prior IVT. Immediate angiographic and clinical outcomes at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale [mRS]) were compared between the two groups while checking for propensity score, matchedpropensity score and by inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) propensity score method. Results Favorable outcome (mRS 0 to 2) was more frequently achieved after IVT+MT (n=523, 53.6%) than after MT alone (n=222, 41.8%) with an unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for bridging therapy of 1.61 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1. 29 to 2.01). This difference remained not significant in matched-propensity score cohort (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.63) although it remained according to adjusted propensity score (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.68) and IPTW (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.73) analyses. A significant difference was found in terms of excellent outcome (mRS 0 to 1) (adjusted OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.25 to 2.11) and successful reperfusion (adjusted OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.15). No differences in intracerebral hemorrhage or in allcause mortality within 90 days were found between groups. Conclusions IVT prior to MT is associated with increased excellent outcome and successful reperfusion rates. These findings support the use of bridging therapy.

Continuous Spatio-Temporal Representation in Media Art

Ma Di,Zhao Yuan Sheng,Hyung Gi Kim 중앙대학교 영상콘텐츠융합연구소 2018 TechArt :Journal of Arts and Imaging Science Vol.5 No.2

Shape of Light: Interactive Analysis of Digital Media Art Based on Processing

Ma Di,Hyung Gi Kim 중앙대학교 영상콘텐츠융합연구소 2020 TechArt :Journal of Arts and Imaging Science Vol.7 No.4

연령대에 따른 한국 고령자의 신체활동 주당 시간이 노쇠지수의 변화에 미치는 영향

마적(Ma Di),조혜수(Cho, Hye-Soo),권태원(Kwon, Tae-Won) 한국체육과학회 2023 한국체육과학회지 Vol.32 No.6

“Exercise is good medicine” is well known, but the optimal weekly time dose of physical activity across age ranges of older adults is still unknown. In this study, 2,224 respondents who satisfied the criteria from the KLoSa Wave 8 survey were selected for observation. Based on the World Health Organizations recommended weekly physical activity time criteria, the respondents were divided into three groups: a group of less than 150 minutes, a group of 150-300 minutes, and a group of more than 300 minutes. Frailty index scores were also created using 65 variables related to health. We compared the odds ratios between the dose of physical activity time and the incidence of frailty in Korean older adults of different age ranges. The results showed that at 60-69 years range, the optimal duration of physical activity is the group of less than 150 minutes(OR: 0.9873; 95% CI: 0.9768 to 0.9978); at 70-79 years range, the optimal duration of physical activity is the group of 150 to 300 minutes(OR: 0.9960; 95% CI: 0.9921 to 0.9999); at 80 age and older range, the optimal duration of physical activity is the group of more than 300 minutes(OR: 0.9960; 95% CI: 0.9930 to 0.9991). We observed that (1)the duration of physical activity required to reduce frailty risk increased with age, (2)the proportion of decrease in the risk of frailty decreased with age. (3)And, we determined the optimal duration of physical activity required for age ranges.

Knowledge of Cervical Cancer Screening among Health Care Workers Providing Services Across Different Socio-economic Regions of China

Di, Jiang-Li,Rutherford, Shannon,Wu, Jiu-Ling,Song, Bo,Ma, Lan,Chen, Jing-Yi,Chu, Cordia Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.6

Background: China carries a heavy burden of cervical cancer (CC) and substantial disparities exist across regions within the country. In order to reduce regional disparities in CC, the government of China launched the National Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Rural Areas (NCCSPRA) in 2009. Critical to the success of the program are the health care workers who play a pivotal role in preventing and managing CC by encouraging and motivating women to use screening services and by providing identification and treatment services. This study aimed to assess cervical cancer knowledge among these health care workers at the county level in maternal and child health (MCH) hospitals across different socio-economic regions of China. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted and self-administered questionnaires were sent to all health care workers (a total of 66) providing cervical cancer screening services in 6 county level MCH hospitals in Liaoning, Hubei and Shaanxi provinces, representing eastern, central and western regions of China; 64 (97.0%, 64/66) of the workers responded. ANOVA and Chi-square test were used to compare the knowledge rate and scores in subgroups. Results: The knowledge level of the respondents was generally low. The overall combined knowledge rate was 46.9%. The knowledge rates for risk factors, prevention, clinical symptoms, screening and diagnostic tests and understanding of positive results were 31.3%, 37.5%, 18.1%, 56.3% and 84.4%, respectively. Statistically significant differences in scores or rates of CC knowledge were seen across the different regions. The total and sectional scores in the less developed regions were statistically significantly lower than in the other regions. Conclusions: The majority of the health care workers who provide CC screening service in NCCSPRA at county level MCH hospitals do not have adequately equipped with knowledge about CC. Given the importance of knowledge to the program's success in reducing CC burden in rural women in China, efforts are needed to improve the knowledge of health care workers, especially in less developed regions.

Identification and expression analysis of grape LRK10L-2 genes during grape fruit development

Ma Jin-Ping,Yin Xue-Ren,Wei Tong-Lu,Liu Hai-Nan,Pei Mao-Song,Yang Sheng-Di,Jin Hui-Ying,He Guang-Qi,Guo Da-Long 한국식물생명공학회 2022 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.16 No.1

LRK10L-2 is known to be related to the plant disease response, little information is available about the relationship of LRK10L-2 and fruit ripening. The protein physicochemical properties, conserved domains, gene structures, subcellular locali- zation, expression patterns during grape fruit development and promoter activity of the members of grape LRK10L-2 gene family were explored in this study. A total of 109 LRK10L-2 family gene members were identified, and mainly distributed on chromosome 16. Almost all of them were located in the plasma membrane. Most of the LRK10L-2 genes contain four or five motifs, ranging from 0 to 5 introns and have the cis-acting elements related to hormones in their promoter regions. There were 20 pairs of tandem duplicates and 293 pairs of segmental duplication in LRK10L-2 family genes. It was proved that the expression of LRK10L-2 gene varied at the different fruit development stages of 'Kyoho' and its early-ripening bud mutant, ‘Fengzao’. The subcellular localization of VIT_16s0098g00160 and VIT_16s0098g00400 were in the plasma membrane, and had a significant enrichment of the GUS signal in N.benthamiana leaves for the promoter. The results lay a solid basis for the further functional researches of the LRK10L-2 genes for grape fruit ripening.

Highly Sensitive Detection of Malathion Based on FRET between Au/Fe3O4 and Rhodamine B

Di Jia,Dongqing Ma,Xiaodong Du,Lijuan An 대한화학회 2019 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.40 No.8

In this paper, Au/Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Au/Fe3O4 NPs) were prepared and a method for detecting malathion was constructed based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between Au/Fe3O4 NPs and Rhodamine B (RhB). RhB could be electrostatically adsorbed to the surface of Au/Fe3O4 NPs resulting in a low fluorescent background. The malathion hydrolysate with -SH can compete with RhB to form a stronger Au─S bond, thereby promoting the desorption of RhB from the surface of Au/Fe3O4 NPs. This process causes the fluorescence emission to recover. The result demonstrated that fluorescence quenching efficiency of Au/Fe3O4 could reach 50% at 579?nm and the fluorescence recovery efficiency of malathion hydrolysate could reach 61% at 579?nm. The limit of detection (LOD) of malathion was as low as 0.59 ?M. The linear range of detection was 27.24?99.89 ?M. Au/Fe3O4 NPs could be reused by a magnetic concentration-washing process.

The beneficial effect of ginsenosides extracted by pulsed electric field against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HEK-293 cells

Di Liu,Ting Zhang,Zhifei Chen,Ying Wang,Shuang Ma,Jiyun Liu,Jingbo Liu 고려인삼학회 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.2

Background: Ginsenosides are the main pharmacological components of Panax ginseng root, which are thought to be primarily responsible for the suppressing effect on oxidative stress. Methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorption capacity were applied to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the ginsenosides. Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells were incubated with ginsenosides extracted by pulsed electric field (PEF) and solvent cold soak extraction (SCSE) for 24 h and then the injury was induced by 40mM H2O2. The cell viability and surface morphology of HEK-293 cells were studied using MTS assay and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate fluorescent probe assay was used to measure the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species. The intracellular antioxidant activities of ginsenosides were evaluated by cellular antioxidant activity assay in HepG2 cells. Results: The PEF extracts displayed the higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and stronger oxygen radical absorption capacity (with an oxygen radical absorption capacity value of 14.48 4.04mM TE per mg/mL). The HEK-293 cell model also suggested that the protective effect of PEF extracts was dose-dependently greater than SCSE extracts. Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay further proved that PEF extracts are more active (8% higher than SCSE extracts) in reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation. In addition, scanning electron microscopy images showed that the HEK-293 cells, which were treated with PEF extracts, maintained more intact surface morphology. Cellular antioxidant activity values indicated that ginsenosides extracted by PEF had stronger cellular antioxidant activity than SCSE ginsenosides extracts. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the antioxidative effect of ginsenosides extracted by PEF in vitro. Furthermore, rather than SCSE, PEF may be more useful as an alternative extraction technique for the extraction of ginsenosides with enhanced antioxidant activity.

Control Over the Branched Structures of Platinum Nanocrystals for Electrocatalytic Applications

Ma, Liang,Wang, Chengming,Gong, Ming,Liao, Lingwen,Long, Ran,Wang, Jinguo,Wu, Di,Zhong, Wei,Kim, Moon J.,Chen, Yanxia,Xie, Yi,Xiong, Yujie American Chemical Society 2012 ACS NANO Vol.6 No.11

<P>Structural control of branched nanocrystals allows tuning two parameters that are critical to their catalytic activitythe surface-to-volume ratio, and the number of atomic steps, ledges, and kinks on surface. In this work, we have developed a simple synthetic system that allows tailoring the numbers of branches in Pt nanocrystals by tuning the concentration of additional HCl. In the synthesis, HCl plays triple functions in tuning branched structures <I>via</I> oxidative etching: (i) the crystallinity of seeds and nanocrystals; (ii) the number of {111} or {100} faces provided for growth sites; (iii) the supply kinetics of freshly formed Pt atoms in solution. As a result, tunable Pt branched structurestripods, tetrapods, hexapods, and octopods with identical chemical environmentcan be rationally synthesized in a single system by simply altering the etching strength. The controllability in branched structures enables to reveal that their electrocatalytic performance can be optimized by constructing complex structures. Among various branched structures, Pt octopods exhibit particularly high activity in formic acid oxidation as compared with their counterparts and commercial Pt/C catalysts. It is anticipated that this work will open a door to design more complex nanostructures and to achieve specific functions for various applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2012/ancac3.2012.6.issue-11/nn304237u/production/images/medium/nn-2012-04237u_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn304237u'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>