정신분열병 환자에서 Olanzapine이 인지기능에 미치는 영향

강병조,김양태,김문두,이승재,박영우 대한생물치료정신의학회 2001 생물치료정신의학 Vol.7 No.1

Objects : The purpose of this study was to test the effects of olanzapine on cognitive functions in schizophrenic patients. Methods : The subjects were 16 haloperidol-medicated schizophrenic patients and 15 risperidone-medicated schizophrenic patients, who participated in an eight-week crossover study from haloperidol and risperidone to olanzapine. Results : The patients in the group of crossover from haloperidol to olanzapine showed significant improvement in Parkinson scale of ESRS and other cognitive functions except for verbal fluency. Negative scale of PANSS and cognitive functions such as verbal memory, verbal fluency, visual memory and executive function were significantly improved in patients In the group of crossover from risperidone to olanzapine. Conclusions : These data suggest that olanzapine has some superior cognitive benefits relative to haloperidol and risperidone, but a larger sample replication study is necessary.

양이온교환수지에 대한 Co(Ⅱ), Ni(Ⅱ), Cr(Ⅲ) 및 Fe(Ⅲ) 이온의 흡착 특성 : 원자로 일차 냉각재 계통내 탈염공정에의 적용 Application to the Demineralizing Process in a Primary Coolant System of PWR

강소영,이병태,이종운,문승현,김경웅 대한방사선 방어학회 2002 방사선방어학회지 Vol.27 No.1

가압경수로 일차냉각수내 탈염공정의 효과적 운용을 위하여 Amberlite IRN-77 양이온 교환수지의 특성 및 Co(II), Ni(II), Cr(III), Fe(III) 이온의 흡착거동을 연구하였다. 용존 금속이온 농도가 약 200 mgL^-1 인 용액 100 mL에 대하여 이온교환수지 투입량은 약 0.6g이 가장 적절하였으며, 이온교환 반응 속도 측정 결과 대부분의 흡착은 반응 1 시간 이내에 신속히 발생하였다. 수지에서의 양이온 교환은 Langmuir 흡착등온선을 잘 따르는 것으로 나타났으나, Fe(III)의 경우, 다른 금속과는 달리 쉽게 평형에 이르지 못하였으며 이는 공기와 오래 접촉한 결과 철산화물 또는 수산화물을 형성하며 용액 중으로부터 침전되기 때문인 것으로 관찰되었다. 전자가가 동일한 Co(II)와 Ni(II)가 동시에 포함된 모의 조제용액에 대하여 흡착실험을 한 결과, 각 이온은 거의 동일한 흡착 거동을 보였다. 그러나 전자가가 큰 Cr(III)이 첨가된 경우, 이들은 기존에 수지에 흡착되어 있던 전자가가 낮은 금속들을 탈착시키고 대신 흡착하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 이온교환수지를 이용한 효과적인 탈염 공정을 위해서는 용존 금속 상호간의 경쟁적 흡착관계의 규명이 필요한 것으로 여겨진다. Characteristics of Amberlite IRN-77, a cation exchange resin, and the mechanisms of its adsorption equilibria with Co(II), Ni(II), Cr(III) and Fe(III) and Fe(III) ions were investigated for the application of the demineralizing process in the primary coolant system of a pressurized water reactor (PWR). The optimum dosage of the resin for removal of the dissolved metal ions at 200 mgL^-1 was 0.6 g for 100 mL solution. Most of each metal ion was absorbed onto the resin in an hour from the start of the reaction. Each metal adsorption onto the resin could be well represented by Langmuir isotherms. However, in the case of Fe(III) adsorption, continuous formation of Fe-oxide or -hydroxide and its subsequent precipitation inhibited the completion of the equilibrium between the metal and the adsorbent. Cobalt(II) and Ni(II), which have an equivalent electrovalence, were adsorbed to the resin with a similar adsorption amount when they coexisted in the solution. However, Cr(III) added to the solution competitively replaced Co(II) and Ni(II) which were already adsorbed onto the resin, resulting in desorption of these metals into the solution. The result was likely due to a higher adsorption affinity of Cr(III) than Co(II) and Ni(II). This implies that the interactively competitive adsorption of multi-cations onto the resin should be fully considered for an efficient operation of the demineralizing ion exchange process in the primary coolant system.

제산제를 이용한 자두와인의 감산처리

강병태 ; 김순희 ; 윤옥현 김천대학교 2006 김천대학교 논문집 Vol.27 No.-

To decrease the acid quantity of the plum wine, we have treated the plum wine aged 3 months with calcium carbonate and potassium bicarbonat as antacids. Total acid contents of plum wine was drastically reduced and the pH was increased, rel-atively to concentrations, in the calcium carbonate treated group. But there was not consistent with results in the potassium bicarbonate treated group. However, Both of antacids did not affect the contents of total phenolics. Color changes were mon-itored by the CIELAB space, using the D65 illuminent and 10° observer. Redness (a) was significantly decreased in the plum wine treated with antacids. The chroma(C) and hue (H) parameters was also changed as a result of the dis-coloring process since they are combinations of the a and b parameters.

환자의 마취전후 병력 또는 불편요서의 현황(2)

강태훈,양홍석,김진윤,최병권,조형상 중앙대부설한국의과학연구소 1990 한국의과학 Vol.22 No.4

도시지역 한방의료이용자의 질병양상 조사연구

강영우,조태현,김병하,남철현,조남춘,안창수,이재홍 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 1997 保健福祉硏究 Vol.1 No.-

To provide the basic data for improving of curative measures in oriental medicine and for developing of health education and preventive program after understanding of classification of diseases in oriental medicine users, questionnaire interview was carried out with city dwellers, over 20 years old, selected randomly in big cities from 2nd Oct. to 11th Nov. 1995. The results were summarried as follows: 1. In the general characteristics of subjects, the highest portion of each part was 61.2% of female, 25.5% of thirties, 28.5% of high school graduate, 63.3% of middle class and 11.8% of lower class in economic status. 31.9% was housewife, 73.5% was merried and 55.1%, 38.1% came from big or small cities each. 2. By 21 classification of diseases, 19.7% was blood disorders, 17.6% was pregnancy & delivery complications and 15.2% was endorine & nutritional disorders. 3. As for age 22.6% of endocrine & nutritional disorders in twenties, 20.8%, 28.1%, 27.8% of blood & defence mechanism disorders in thirties, forties, sixties each and 24.9% of pregnancy & delivery complications in fifties were the higher than the other groups. 4. By educational level, 47.8%, 30.5% of blood & defence mechanism disorders in uneducated and middle school graduate were the higher than the other groups. 5. As for occupation, 20.8%, 32.9% of blood & defence mechanism disorders in housewives and sales each, were the higher than the other groups. 6. By economic status, 20.2% of blood & defence mechanism disorders in middle and high class, were the higher than the other groups. 7. By marital status, 21.3% of endocrine & nutritional disorders in singles, 22.0%, 25.7% of blood disorders in having partners, were the higher than the other groups. 8. As for living areas, 18.2% of pregnancy & delivery complications in big city dwellers, 21.3% of endocrine & nutritional disorders in town dwellers were the higher than the other groups. The distribution of diseases in oriental medicine users wes very different by chracteristics according the results. So It's important and essential project to improve curative technics and to develop.

근관 전색재의 방사선 불투과성에 관한 비교연구

김태민,김서경,황인남,황윤찬,강병철,윤숙자,이재서,오원만 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.1

This study was performed to assess the radiopacity of a variety of root canal sealers according to the Specification concerning root canal sealers. Ten materials including Tubli-Seal™, Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer™, AH 26^(R), AH plus^(R), AH plus jet™, Ad seal™, Sealapex™, NOGENOU™, ZOB seal™, Epiphany™, and dentin were evaluated in this study. In the first part. densitometric reading of an each step of aluminum step wedge on occlusal film was performed at different voltage and exposure time. In the second part, ten specimens were radiographed simultaneously with an aluminum step wedges on the occlusal films under decided condition. The mean radiographic density values of the materials were transformed into radiopacity expressed equivalent thickness of aluminum (mm Al). The following results were obtained 1 Among the various conditions, the appropriate voltage and exposure time that meet the requirement density was 60 kVp at 0.2 s 2 All of the materials had greater radiopacity than 3 mm Al requirement of ANSI/ADA specification No. 57 (2000) and ISO No. 6876 (2001) standards. 3 The radiopacity of materials increased as thickness of materials increased. 4 The mm Al value of each specimen at 1mm in thickness has a significant difference in the statistics. It suggests that root canal sealers have a sufficient radiopacity that meet the requirement. 다양한 근관전색제는 방사선 사진상 주위 해부학적 구조와 구별될 만한 방사선 불투과성을 나타내야 한다 따라서 이런 물질들이 근관에 충전될 때의 방사선 불투과성 정도를 평가해야 할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 다양한 근관전색제들의 방사선 불투과성을 평가하고자, 방사선 노출조건에 따른 aluminium step wedge에 대한 광학 밀도를 알아보고, 그 중 적절한 노출조건을 선택하여 수종의 근관 전색재의 방사선 불투과성 정도를 알루미늄 두께로 환산하여 비교해 보고자 한다. 방사선 불투과성의 기준을 위해 11개의 step으로 구성된 aluminum step wedge을 사용하여, 60kVP, 70kVp관전압 상태에서 각각 0.2, 0.3, 0.4초 그리고 0.2, 0.3, 0.33초의 꼭 노출시간으로 교합필름상에서 방사선 촬영후 적절한 노출 조건을 구하였다. 직경 5mm 각각의 두께 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mm인 10종 (Tubli-Seal™, Kerr pulp Canal Sealer™, AH26^(R), AHplus^(R), AH plus jet starter kit™, Ad seal™, Sealapex™, Nogenol root canal sealer™, ZOB seal™, Epiphany™)의 근관전색재 시편을 각 재료와 두께당 10개씩 제작한 후, 동일한 두께의 상아질 시편, aluminum step wedge와 함께 정해진 노출시간에 따라 방사선 촬영을 하였다. 모든 필름은 자동현상기로 현상하였다. 시편의 방사선 흑화도를 densitometer로 5회 반복 측정 후, 평균값을 구하여 알루미눔 두께로 환산하였다.얻어진 정보를 분석하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1 관전압 60 kVp에서 노출시간 0.2, 0.3, 0.4초, 70 kVp에서 0.2, 0.3, 0.33초로 변화를 주어 방사선 촬영을 하였을 때 흑화도가 ISO No. 6876 규격에 가장 적합한 것은 60 kVP, 0.2초 일 경우였다. 2 측정된 근관 전색제의 방사선 불투과성은 2.29 mm Al (N0GEN0L)로부터 13.69 mm Al (AH Plus jet)까지 다양하게 나타났으나, 모두 ANSI/ADA specification (2000) 또는 ISO No. 6876 (2001) 규격이 제시한 최소한 3mm Al 이상의 방사선 불투과성을 지녀야 한다는 기준에 적합하였다. 3 재료의 두께가 증가할수록 방사선 불투과성은 증가하지만, 정비례하지는 않았다. 4 각 실험재료의 1 mm 두께의 시편에 대한 mm Al값들은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 이상의 결과는 본 실험에 사용된 수종의 근관 전색재는 모든 규격에 적합한 방사선 불투과성을 가지고 있음을 시사한다.

포기/비포기 시간비가 활성슬러지 floc의 특성에 미치는 영향

김강호,문병현,이택순,서규태 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2002 환경연구논문집 Vol.2 No.1

Many researches on SBR(Sequencing batch Biological Reactor) for the removal efficiency of contaminants and effects of operation mode in effluent have been conducted. However, little studies for the characteristic of biological floc affected by operation mode have been made. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect factors on the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in SBR system. And also it is to look for new information on the size and characteristics of biological floc by changed aerobic/anaerobic time ratio. Results shown that the removal efficiency of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus was higher in the operation mode of higher aerobic/anaerobic time ratio. The floc size and fractal dimension produced in higher aerobic/anaerobic time ratio were larger. These result implied that the settling characteristics of floc could be produces in the operation mode of higher aerobic/anaerobic time ratio.

2개 기생소자에 의한 사각형 패치 안테나의 대역폭 확장

손태호,강상규,이병수,이용창,백경훈 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2001 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.7 No.2

This study is to extend bandwith for the microstrip antenna by parasitic patch devices. Applying two 1/4 wave length parasitic patches both side of microstrip patch, the bandwidth is able to be controlled by the parasitic couplings. We used the Tschebyscheff transformer for multisection matching network to give broadband transformation. It is designed for wireless MMDS CATV antenna and design antenna is fabricated by epoxy substrate of 1.2mm thickness, 4.4 relative permittivity. The theory is well agreed that the results of measurement of S11 has 2.88% band characteristic.

Ethernet PON 기술 및 표준화동향

박태성,오윤제,강병창 延世大學校 電波通信共同硏究所 2002 電波通信論文誌 Vol.6 No.1

본 글에서는 광가입자망의 중요기술로 여겨지는 수동광분배망(PON)의 구성과 최근 기술동향을 소개한다. 특히 이더넷 기반 Ethernet PON의 주요기술 및 현재 진행되고 있는 표준화 동향과 업체들의 기술개발 추이를 통해 기술적 중요성을 강조한다. We present the overview of PON structure and its current technology status which is one of the essentials for optical access network. For the commercial development, the technology standardization and industrial activity on Ethernet PON are investigated.

Methotrexate 치료를 받고 있는 활동성 류마티스 관절염 환자에서 etanercept의 유효성과 안전성에 관한 연구

최병렬,강태영,정청일,이혜순,엄완식,김태환,전재범,유대현,배상철 대한내과학회 2004 대한내과학회지 Vol.66 No.5

목적 : 류마티스 관절염을 앓고 있는 한국인 중에 기존 DMARDs로 치료 실패하였고, 고정용량의 MTX를 복용하고 있는 환자들에 있어서 etanercept의 유효성과 안전성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법 : 기존 DMARDs로 치료 실패한 활동성 류마티스 관절염 환자 76명을 대상으로 하여 단일군, 공개시험을 하였다. 대상 환자들은 고정용량의 MTX를 복용하면서 etanercept 25 mg을 1주일에 두 번 피하 주사하였으며 12주간 투여하였다. 유효성은 ACR 20, ACR 50,조조강직 시간으로 평가하였고, 약제의 안전성은 이상반응 등으로 평가하였다. 결과 : 대상 환자는 총 76명으로 평균 연령은 45.2세, 남자 5명, 여자 71명이었다. 84.4%인 54명이 12주째에 ACR 20을 만족하였고, 53.1%인 34명이 12주째에 ACR 50을 만족하였다. 조조 강직 시간은 치료 전 203.3분에서 치료 12주째 42.6분을 평균 74.5% 호전되었다. 가장 흔한 이상반응은 주사부위 반응이었다. 이외에도 상기도 감염, 오심, 안면부종 등이 발생하였으나 심각한 부작용은 없었다. 결론 : etanercept는 효과적이고, 안전한 류마티스 관절염 치료 방법이며 특히 MTX치료에도 불구하고 활동성인 류마티스 관절염에 기대되는 치료라고 할 수 있다. Background : This study was performed to investigate the efficacy and safety of etanercept in active rheumatoid arthritis patients with stable dose of methotrexate in Korean. Methods : In a 12 week, single arm, open trial, we assigned 76 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis who had an inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Patients received twice-weekly subcutaneous injections of etanercept 25 ㎎ while containing to receive methotrexate at a stable dose of 7.5~25 ㎎ per week. The clinical response was defined as the percent improvement in disease activity according to the criteria of the American Collage of Rheumatology (ACR) at 12 weeks. Results : Etanrecept led to significant improvements in disease activity and was safe and well tolerated. At 12 week, 84.4% of the patients receiving 25 ㎎ of etanercept achieved a 20% ACR response, and 53.1% of those receiving etanercept achieved a 50% ACR response. The most common adverse event was injection-site reaction. Other advanse events were upper respiratory infection, nausea, and facial edema, but there were no serious adverse events associated with etanercept. Conclusion : In active rheumatoid arthritis patients, etanercept was safe, well tolerated, and provided rapid clinical improvements.