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談話における相づちの機能に關する硏究 -日韓の接觸場面を中心にして-
朴成泰 한국일본어문학회 2018 日本語文學 Vol.78 No.-
본고에서는 일본어와 한국어의 담화 마커의 하나인 "맞장구"의 분석을 통해서 한일 양 언어의 맞장구의 기능을 밝히고자 한다. 구체적으로는 일본어와 한국어의 모어화자 간 및 이문화간 접촉 상황에서 수집한 데이터를 사용하여 두 언어의 맞장구 기능의 유사점과 차이점을 조사했다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다.우선 맞장구 기능의 빈도에서는 한일 모두 "듣고 있다"가 가장 높았고"그 다음으로 "이해하고 있다" "동의 표현" "부정 표현"의 순으로 나타났으며 "감정 표출"는 거의 출현하지 않았다.맞장구의 기능의 빈도에 관한 주요 특징은 동일 문화 내의 모어화자 간 담화에서는 한국어 모어화자에 비해서 일본어 모어 화자가 높았다. 이러한 현상은 일본어의 담화의 특징의 하나라고 생각할 수 있다. 다음으로 이문화간 접촉 장면에서 일본어모어화자에 의한 일본어 발화에서 빈도의 증가가 관찰되었다. 또 한국어 모어화자에 의한 일본어의 발화에서도 빈도가 증가하려는 경향을 보였다. 이 것은 일본어의 담화 스타일이 발화에 영향을 미쳤다고 생각된다. In this paper, I would like to analyze and clarify the function of back-channel in Japanese and Korean languages. Back-channel is one of the discourse markers of both Japanese and Korean languages. Specifically, I investigate similarities and differences between Japanese and Korean back-channel functions using data gathered from Japanese and Korean native speakers, and from an intercultural contact situation. The results are as follows.First, "listening" is the topmost function of back-channel between Japanese and Korean native speakers, and considering the intercultural contact situation of both Japanese and Korean speakers,, followed by "understanding," "expression of consent," and "negative expression," in that order. "Expressing emotion" is the lowest function.The most notable attribute regarding the frequency of back-channel is that Japanese speakers use it more frequently in native speakers’ discourse in the same culture, as compared to Korean speakers. This seems to be one of the features of Japanese discourse. Second, in the intercultural contact situation, an increase in frequency is observed in Japanese utterances by Japanese native speakers. Additionally, the frequency of Japanese utterances by Korean native speakers tended to increase. This is considered to have influenced the discourse style of Japanese speakers.
박성태,최병현,지미정,안용태,최헌진,Park, Sung-Tae,Choi, Byung-Hyun,Ji, Mi-Jung,An, Yong-Tae,Choi, Heon-Jin 한국세라믹학회 2011 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.48 No.3
Effects on sintering and electrical properties of $La_{0.7}Ca_{0.3}Cr_{0.9}Co_{0.1}O_{3-{\delta}}$ system, a interconnect material for cylindrical and flat tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), have been investigated by Ca-source when using $CaCO_3$ and $CaF_2$. When using $CaCO_3$ and $CaF_2$ was mixing as Ca-source, single phased perovskite solid solution was observed for each sample. The sintering temperature was decreased by $CaF_2$ contents was increased. When using 0.1 mole $CaF_2$ was densely sintered at $1400^{\circ}C$ and relative density was 93.8%. Also, electrical conductivity in oxidation and reducing atmosphere was 47, 4.3 S/cm, respectively, due to $F^-$ ion enhance the electrical conductivity in reducing atmosphere.
Au-conjugate 면역화학 진단용 금 나노입자 제조
박성태,이광민,Park, Sung-Tae,Lee, Kwang-Min 한국재료학회 2003 한국재료학회지 Vol.13 No.8
Current nanogold cluster synthesized by chemical routine with 11 or 55 atoms of gold has been widely used for immuno chemistry probe as a form of nanocluster conjugated with biomolecules. It would be an undeveloped region that the 1 nm size of nanogold could be made by materials engineering processing. Therefore, objective of this study is to minimize the size of gold nanocluster as a function of operating temperature and chamber pressure in inert gas condensation (IGC) processing. Evaporation temperature was controlled by input current from 50 A to 65 A. Chamber pressure was controlled by argon gas with a range of 0.05 to 2 torr. The gold nanocluster by IGC was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The gold nanocluster for TEM analysis was directly sampled with special in-situ method during the processing. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to observe 3-D nanogold layer surfaces on a slide glass for the following biomolecule conjugation step. The size of gold nanoclusters had a close relationship with the processing condition such as evaporation temperature and chamber pressure. The approximately 1 nm size of nanogold was obtained at the processing condition for 1 torr at $1124 ^{\circ}C$.
탄핵심판절차에 관한 연구- 대통령(박근혜) 탄핵사건 탄핵사유와 증거법을 중심으로 -
박성태 헌법재판연구원 2020 헌법재판연구 Vol.7 No.1
Based on its experience in dealing with the president’s impeachment in 2004, the Constitutional Court of Korea ruled on the impeachment for the first time in its constitutional history. While maintaining it’s previous principles, a swift decision was also made on the chief executive of state affairs, the president. However, in the course of the impeachment trial, the issue of applying the Criminal Procedure Act, the issue of the evidence law under the Criminal Procedure Act, and the sending of records of cases under investigation and trial were once again controversial. In the case of the Republic of Korea, which has a judicial trial that separates impeachment from judgment, the president can be dismissed, and constitutional or legal malpractice is the reason for impeachment. Both cases against the two presidents were judged as the object of a lawsuit to “Whether to dismiss” the president in consideration of “significant violations of the law.” In this case, there was a violation of the criminal law in the impeachment, but during the trial, the violation of the criminal law was excluded from the issue and was excluded from the actual decision. This is problematic in that there is no “complement” set in relations with the court if there are only criminal violations in the future. It can also be criticized for being politically motivated rather than judicial. In addition, the Criminal Procedure Act is required by law to apply, which can be a problem again in the next impeachment case due to the lack of any constitutional explanation in the application of specific evidence laws. The demandee’s violation of the Constitution is so serious that it may be accepted in conclusion, but a number of issues, such as the issue of impeachment, should be considered in the future when revising the Constitution and revising the law. 헌법재판소는 2004년 대통령(노무현) 탄핵사건을 처리해 본 경험을 바탕으로 이번에 헌정사상 최초로 탄핵인용결정을 선고하였다. 대체적으로 종전 법리를 유지하면서 대통령이라는 국정운영 최고 책임자에 대한 신속한 결정을 선고하기도 하였다. 그런데 탄핵심판 처리 과정에서 형사소송법의 준용 문제, 형사소송법상의 증거법칙 문제, 수사・재판 진행 중인 사건의 기록 송부 문제 등이 또 다시 논란이 되기도 하였다. 탄핵소추와 심판이 분리된 사법재판형을 띄는 대한민국의 경우 대통령에 대해서 파면이 가능하며, 직무수행 상 헌법 또는 법률상 위배를 탄핵사유로 삼고 있다. 두 대통령에 대한 사건 모두 ‘중대한 법위반’을 고려하여 대통령에 대해 ‘파면할 것인지 여부’를 소송물로 판단하였다. 이번 사건에서는 탄핵소추사유에 형사법위반 사항이 있었지만 재판 진행되는 과정에서 형사법위반 사항은 쟁점에서 제외되었고, 실제 결정에서 빠지기도 하였다. 이는 향후에 탄핵소추사유가 형사법위반 사항만이 있는 경우 법원과의 관계에서 ‘보충성’이 설정되어 있지 않은 점에서 문제가 있다. 또한 사법적 성격보다 정치적 판단만으로 이뤄졌다는 비판도 받을 수가 있다. 뿐만 아니라 법상 형사소송법을 준용하게 되어 있는데, 구체적 증거법칙 적용에 있어서는 어떠한 헌법적 해명이 없어 차회에 발생할 탄핵사건에서 또 다시 문제가 될 수 있다. 피청구인의 헌법위반 사항이 중대하여 결론에 있어서 수긍할 수도 있으나 향후 헌법개정 및 법률개정시 탄핵으로 인한 쟁점사항 등 여러 문제점이 고려되어야 할 것이다.