Inactivation of Salmonella on Eggshells by Chlorine Dioxide Gas

김효비,염보라,윤성식,송경주,김종락,명동훈,장병준,최농훈 한국축산식품학회 2016 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.36 No.1

Microbiological contamination of eggs should be prevented in the poultry industry, as poultry is one of the major reservoirs of human Salmonella. ClO2 gas has been reported to be an effective disinfectant in various industry fields, particularly the food industry. The aims of this study were to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of chlorine dioxide gas on two strains of Salmonella inoculated onto eggshells under various experimental conditions including concentrations, contact time, humidity, and percentage organic matter. As a result, it was shown that chlorine dioxide gas under wet conditions was more effective in inactivating Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Gallinarum compared to that under dry conditions independently of the presence of organic matter (yeast extract). Under wet conditions, a greater than 4 log reduction in bacterial populations was achieved after 30 min of exposure to ClO2 each at 20 ppm, 40 ppm, and 80 ppm against S. Enteritidis; 40 ppm and 80 ppm against S. Gallinarum. These results suggest that chlorine dioxide gas is an effective agent for controlling Salmonella, the most prevalent contaminant in the egg industry.

국내 흑염소에서의 소결핵, 브루셀라, Q fever 유병률 연구

김효비,김성준,김기나,김별,장병준,최농훈,Kim, Hyobi,Kim, Seongjoon,Kim, Kina,Kim, Byeol,Chang, Byungjoon,Choe, Nong-Hoon 대한수의학회 2016 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.56 No.4

As the meat of black goats has become popular as a healthy food, domestic goat meat-related industries are steadily growing. However, previous studies are scarce of informations about the zoonotic disease originated from the black goat in Korea. In this study, we investigated Korean black goat's infectious diseases representing bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, and Q fever. One hundred and eighty samples were collected from a local slaughter house located in Jeollanam-do. Three typical zoonotic diseases were separately examined by carrying out enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Histopathological test was additionally performed in tuberculosis. In case of tuberculosis, results of the PCR and histopathological test were negative but the ELISA results were positive in eight samples. In case of brucellosis, one out of the total samples was shown to be positive in the ELISA and none in the PCR. In case of Q fever, there were forty one positive in the ELISA and twenty positive in the real-time PCR. Those results indicate that the Korean black goat could be a natural reservoir in the possible chain-infections among human, cows and goats. Thus, further study needs in order to improve productivity as well as to prevent the zoonosis spreading and circulation of other livestock with the black goat in this country.

저기, 폐선

김효비야 고요아침 2018 열린시학 Vol.23 No.1

Foods Derived from Cloned Animals and Management Policies in Worldwide

이수진,장양호,김효비,이명헌,소병재,양병철,강종구,최농훈 한국축산식품학회 2012 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.32 No.4

Cloned animals are a result of asexual reproduction of animals using somatic cell nuclear transfer. Ever since the first report of a cloned sheep 'Dolly' produced by SCNT, increasing numbers of livestock, such as bovine and swine clones, have been generated worldwide. Foods derived from cloned animals have not been produced yet. However, the food safety of cloned animals has provoked controversy. The EU Food Safety Authority and U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced that milk and meat from cloned and non-cloned animals have no difference regarding food safety. However, food derived from cloned animals is considered unsuitable for eating vaguely. Moreover, there were scant information about cloned animals in Korea. Therefore, we surveyed the number of cloned animals worldwide including Korea and summarized the reports for cloned animals and discussed predictable problems.

국내 소사육농가의 자가용 가축음용수 오염실태 평가조사

장양호,이수진,김효비,이정학,이만호,길혜경,최농훈,Jang, Yangho,Lee, Soojin,Kim, Hyobi,Lee, Jeonghak,Lee, Manho,Gil, Hyekyoung,Choe, Nonghoon 대한수의학회 2011 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.51 No.1

In Korea, groundwater is main water source in livestock farms. Most dairy and cattle farms have constructed their own wells for human drinking and livestock farming. However, these private residential wells have not been controlled by government and also there was scant study about livestock drinking water quality. Therefore this study was to monitor of the livestock farms' groundwater quality in Korea. Water samples were collected at 123 dairy and cattle farms and were analysed forty six substances with quality standard for drinking water approved by the Minister of Environment. Seventy eight (63.4%) of 123 samples failed to drinking water stand a test. The most frequent contaminants were nitrate-nitrogen and microbial. 22.8% (n=28) of samples showed nitrate-N concentration of higher than 10 mg/L meant that can't be used drinking water for human and the Nitrate-N concentration analysed in the range of 0.2 to 61.2 mg/L. All of 78 failed to drinking samples had microbial problems, especially 5.7% (n=7) of samples indicated water could be contaminated by feces. Other contaminants detected were zinc and evaporation residue. Especially detected zinc concentration (32 mg/L) was about ten times higher than standard of zinc (3 mg/L). Regression analysis indicated that groundwater pH did not influence to nitrate-N concentration but the hardness and chloride could affect to nitrate-N concentration in the groundwater. Most livestock farms were adjacent to crop farmland in Korea. This could cause contamination of groundwater with nitrate-N and pesticide that could accumulate livestock product. Moreover Heavy metal such as zinc and copper could be released from a corrosive plated water pipe in livestock farm. Put together, Korea livestock system is indoor, not pasture-based, hence livestock could be exposed to potential contaminated water consistently. Therefore on the basis of these data, appropriate livestock drinking water quality standards should be prepared to keep livestock healthy and their product safe. Further, livestock drinking water quality should be monitored continuously in suitable livestock drinking water standards.

국내산 원유 국가잔류검사프로그램(National Residue Program, NRP) 계획 및 검사실적

박성원,김세형,홍충의,김효비,박선진,곽필희,이선영,전인해,김지혜,김하림,허문 한국예방수의학회 2022 한국예방수의학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2022 No.-

국내 도축과정에서 생산되는 가축 혈액의 이용 현황과 위생관련 문제점

장양호 ( Yang Ho Jang ),김효비 ( Hyo Bi Kim ),이명헌 ( Myoung Heon Lee ),백현 ( Hyun Baek ),최농훈 ( Nong Hoon Choe ) 한국예방수의학회(구 한국수의공중보건학회) 2011 예방수의학회지 Vol.35 No.2

Blood from livestock is a common by-product which is obtained in industrial slaughterhouses. Blood is mainly composed of three fractions, red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and plasma. Plasma contains about 8% proteins, which is mainly composed of albumin, globulins and fibrinogen. Hemoglobin is the major protein within whole blood including RBC. These proteins isolated from animal blood have been used in variety of industry such as food, medical, pharmaceutics, animal feed and laboratory. Initially, blood is sterile in healthy animals thus adequate blood collecting system helps to minimize the risk of contamination. In Europe, closed-draining systems are adopted and a high-quality blood product is produced. European Union lays down health rules as regard animal by-products and derived products called Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 which is improved to No 1069/2009. This regulation lays down strict animal and public health rules for the blood collection, transport, storage, handling, processing and use or disposal of all animal by-products. In spite of the significant using of blood from livestock, almost blood from slaughtering is considered a waste except only small part for use and causes a serious environmental pollution in Korea. Because of the environmental pollution by blood from slaughterhouse, the great expense is loosed, and blood-related products are small and are imported from foreign countries in Korea. For successful blood utilization, suitable infrastructure facilities are needed to control microbial contamination of blood from slaughterhouses and more specific plans on animal blood control may be established at the same time.

Acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain of wild birds in Korea—2014 to 2016

방지현,구현옥,강환구,김효비,김수희,박성원,김용상,장일,배유찬,우계형,이희 대한수의학회 2019 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.20 No.2

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity level can be used as a diagnostic marker for anticholinesterase pesticide poisoning. In this study, we aimed to establish a baseline level of normal brain AChE activity in wild birds. AChE activity was measured in the brains of 87dead wild birds (26 species). The level of AChE activity ranged from 6.40 to 15.9 µmol/min/g of brain tissue in normal wild birds. However, the brain tissue AChE activity level in wild birds exposed to organophosphate (OP) pesticide was 48.0%–96.3% of that in the normal birds. These results may serve as reference values to facilitate routine diagnosis and monitoring of OP-poisoned wild birds.

LC-MS/MS를 이용한 닭 간과 신장 중 곰팡이 독소 6종 동시분석법 개발

김수희(Soohee Kim),김광남(Kwang-Nam Kim),김효비(Hyobi Kim),송재영(Jae-Young Song),박성원(Sung-Won Park) 한국가금학회 2016 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.43 No.2

본 연구에서는 곰팡이 독소에 대한 노출을 확인하기 위한 목적으로 닭의 간, 신장 조직에서 곰팡이 독소 분석법을 확립하였다. 곰팡이 독소의 경우 닭에서 독성이 강하며, 본 실험에서는 가축의 사료에서 주로 확인되는 곰팡이 독소 6종(아플라톡신 B1․M1, 오크라톡신 A, 푸모니신 B1, 데옥시니발레놀, 제랄레논)을 선별하여 추출, 정제조건을 확립하고 LC-MS/MS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 확립된 분석조건에서 검량선은 R2값이 0.99 이상으로 우수한 직선성을 나타내었다. QUECHERS법을 응용하여 닭 간, 신장 시료에서 곰팡이 독소를 추출, 정제하여 분석하였을 때 곰팡이 독소 4종(아플라톡신 B1, 오크라톡신 A, 데옥시니발레놀, 제랄레논)의 평균회수율은 80.94∼98.10%이고, 상대표준편차도 14% 미만으로 조사되어 높은 정확도와 정밀도를 확인할 수 있었다. 검량선에 근거하였을 때 곰팡이 독소 6종에 대하여 닭 간 시료의 경우 검출한계는 7.6∼145.79 μg/kg, 정량한계는 23.04∼441.78 μg/kg이었다. 닭 신장의 경우 검출한계는 6.07∼197.20 μg/kg, 정량한계는 18.40∼597.59 μg/kg으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과 LC-MS/MS를 이용하여 닭의 간, 신장에서 곰팡이 독소 6종 동시 분석법을 확립하였으며, 이는 생체시료에서 효율적인 곰팡이 독소 동시 분석법으로 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by molds, such as Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium, that have adverse effects on animals and humans. Aflatoxin, ochratoxin, zearalenone, fumonisin and deoxynivalenol are the mycotoxins of greatest agro-economic importance and cause acute disease called mycotoxicoses. Mycotoxicosis in poultry birds results in decreased meat/egg production, immunosuppressant, and hepatotoxicosis. Some of toxins or their metabolites may be retained in animal or human tissues and induce health problems. This study was designed to develop a sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous detection and quantification of mycotoxins, such as aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin M1, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, fumonisin B and deoxynivalenol, in chicken liver and kidney tissues. The mycotoxins were extracted and purified using modified QUECHERS methods, separated by LC and detected by an electrospray ionisation interface (ESI) and tandem MS. Good precision and linearity were observed for most of six mycotoxins. The recovery test for each mycotoxin in liver and kidney tissues mostly indicated good average recovery rates between 80.94% and 98.10% and the coefficient of variation mostly under 13.78%, except for aflatoxin M1 and fumonisin B1. The limit of detection (LOD) for six mycotoxins was 7.6∼145.79 μg/kg in liver tissues and 6.07∼197.20 μg/kg in kidney tissues. The quantification limits (LOQ) for 6 mycotoxins were in the range 23.04∼441.78 μg/kg in liver tissues and 18.40∼597.59μg/kg in kidney tissues, respectively. The developed multi-mycotoxin method in this study permits simultaneous, simple, and rapid determination of several co-existing mycotoxins in chicken liver and kidney tissues.

오리 분변에서의 Campylobacter jejuni 오염도와 항생제 내성유형 조사

김능희 ( Neung Hee Kim ),채희선 ( Hee Sun Chae ),강영일 ( Yong Il Kang ),신박우 ( Bang Woo Shin ),최농훈 ( Nong Hoon Choi ),김효비 ( Hyo Bi Kim ) 한국가축위생학회 2013 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.36 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from duck feces. In total, 112 (32.9%) isolates of C. jejuni were identified from 430 duck feces samples from September to December, 2010. All isolates were susceptible to telithromycin, whereas majority of the C. jejuni isolates were resistant to azithromycin (18.8%), ciprofloxacin (86.6%), erythromycin (0.9%), gentamicin (15.2%), tetracycline (80.4%), florfenicol (3.6%), nalidixic acid (87.5%), clindamycin (7.1%). As a result, appropriate protocols for antimicrobial agents and strategies to reduce antimicrobial resistance will be needed in the future.