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부여 취수장의 $NH_3-N$자료에 대한 평균 및 분산추정
김형수,정건희,김응석,김중훈,Kim, Hyeong-Su,Jeong, Geon-Hui,Kim, Eung-Seok,Kim, Jung-Hun 한국수자원학회 2001 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.34 No.4
실험 또는 계측에 의해 관측된 관측치들은 종종 어떤 기준치 이하의 작은 값들이 기록되는데, 이들 기준치 이하의 값들이 크기는 미소할지라도 평균이나 분산 추정시 왜곡된 결과를 줄 수 있다. 그러나 우리 나라에서는 관측오차로 간주하여 N.D.(Not Detected)로 처리하는 것을 관례로 하고 있어 미소치들이 기록되지 않고 있다. EK라서 본 연구에서는 부여 취수장의 암모니아성 질소(NH$_3$-N)자료가 크기에 따라 분표형이 다름을 조사하고 그 분포를 구별할 수 있는 기준치와 기준치 이하의 자료들에 대한 평균과 분산 추정시 가장 적절한 기법을 찾고자 하였다. 즉, 기준치 이하의 값들과 이상의 값들을 구분하여 평균과 분산을 위한 적절한 기법을 선정하여 추정하였다. 분석 결과 부여취사장의 자료는 편기 수정된 최우도(Bias Corrected ML)법이 가장 적합한 것으로 결정되었으며, 시행착오법에 의하여 기준치를 설정하였다. Sometimes the observed data is too small to discriminate it from noise of the instrument. Say, the data can be recorded as below DL(Detection Level) value. Even though the data below Detection Level(BDL) is small vague, it can be resulted in wrong estimates for mean and variance. However, in practice, the BDL data is generally eliminated as N.D. (Not Detected) and do not record it in Korea. This study investigates the distributions according to the data values of ammonia concentration (NH$_3$-N) in Puyeo intake. Also we try to find out DL value and an appropriate method for the estimations of mean and variance of BDL values that can be discriminate the distributions. The DL is estimated by trial and error method. The appropriate method for the estimations of mean and variance of above the detection level(ADL)and BDL dada sets is selected, and the mean and variance are estimated. As a result, it is found that the Bias Corrected Maximum Likelihood Estimator is the most accurate method for NH$_3$-N in Puyeo intake.
일부 농촌주민에서 Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test를 이용한 위험 및 유해 음주율 조사
김형수,이건세,김청식,김기옥,장성훈,Kim, Hyeong-Su,Lee, Kun-Sei,Kim, Cheong-Sik,Kim, Ki-Ock,Chang, Soung-Hoon 대한예방의학회 2001 예방의학회지 Vol.34 No.3
Objectives : To investigate the prevalence of hazardous and harmful alcohol use, which are a subthreshold of alcohol related disorders, Methods : Direct-interview questionnaires to 1,183 rural persons (489 male, 694 female) were conducted in Chungju-city from July 2 to 20, 1998. As a screening instrument, the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) was used. Results : The prevalence of alcohol use was 41.7%. In males, it was 66.3% and in females, it was 24.4%. The mean of the AUDIT score of males and females was 13.2 and 5.6, respectively. As WHO guideline, the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use in males and females was 80.3% and 20.7%, respectively. This suggests that the prevalence of 'hazardous drinking' and 'harmful drinking' was 45.4% and 29.3% for males and 1.2% and 2.4% for females, respectively. Conclusions : This study presented the prevalence of hazardous and harmful drinking of a rural population in Korea and reviewed those health problems. Further evaluation to detect and treat lower alcoholic drinkers is recommended.
분말사출성형 시 분말 혼합체의 유동성 시뮬레이션을 통한 투광성 알루미나 소결체의 특성 연구
김형수,변종민,김세훈,김영도,Kim, Hyung Soo,Byun, Jong Min,Kim, Se Hoon,Kim, Young Do 한국분말야금학회 2014 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.21 No.3
Translucent alumina is a potential candidate for high temperature application as a replacement of the glass or polymer. Recently, due to the increasing demand of high power light emitting diode (LED), there is a growing interest in the translucent alumina. Since the translucent property is very sensitive to the internal defect, such as voids inside or abnormal grain growth of sintered alumina, it is important to fabricate the defect-free product through the fabrication process. Powder injection molding (PIM) has been commonly applied for the fabrication of complex shaped products. Among the many parameters of PIM, the flowability of powder/binder mixture becomes more significant especially for the shape of the cavity with thin thickness. Two different positions of the gate were applied during PIM using the disc type of die. The binder was removed by solvent extraction method and the brown compact was sintered at $1750^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours in a vacuum. The flowability was also simulated using moldflow (MPI 6.0) with two different types of gate. The effect of the flowability of powder/binder mixture on the microstructure of the sintered specimen was studied with the analysis of the simulation result.
경추의 전신조정술 관절치료가 관절가동범위에 미치는 영향
김형수,김은영,구봉오,배성수,Kim Hyoung-Su,Kim Eun-Young,Koo Bong-Oh,Bae Sung-Soo 대한물리치료학회 2003 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.15 No.4
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to search effect that GCM joint treatment gets to range of motion of cervical, lumbar, trunk and anke. And cervical gets in ankle joint. Methods: Estimated body deformity using GCM body type assesment chart then measured range of motion of each region. After control group did as act freely after do experiment pre measurement control group did post measurement. After control group did as act freely after do experiment premeasurement, control group did postmeasurement. Each region was measured by measurer who each subject person differs. Experimental group did GCM joint treatment and all measurements each region by measurer who each subject person differs three times measure postmeasurement after premeasurement. When measure with each measurement, measured after leave and walk time interval for 10 minutes. Result: For the analysis of the result of experiment, the results is change amount comparison increased to keep in mind except cervical flexion and both ankle joint's dorsiflexion after experiment of experimental group. In experimental group, cervical, lumber and ankle joint of range of motion was significantly increased(p<.05).
우리나라 지하수 이용 형태 고찰과 합리적 활용 방안에 대한 연구
김형수,Kim, Hyoung-Soo 한국지하수토양환경학회 2017 지하수토양환경 Vol.22 No.5
Groundwater accounts for more than 10% of the total water supply in Korea. However, the contribution of groundwater to public water supply systems has been poorly played role throughout the country except for Jeju Island. Compared with the groundwater uses in foreign countries, the pattern of groundwater use in Korea seems to be very deformed and unreasonable. Currently, the development and use of groundwater in Korea are mostly carried out by the individuals, and public sectors such as central and local governments are not actively involved in such activities. Private groundwater use and management will continue to cause groundwater depletion and pollution problems. It is necessary to actively enhance the role of public authorities in groundwater managements by engaging precise hydrogeological surveys and proper economic evaluation in the development and operation of groundwater sources. Also, in order to solve the problems that public water supply systems overly rely on the surface water sources, it is necessary to take policies that require the water supply companies to secure a variety of water sources.
김형수,김주학,지정민,Kim, Hyoung-Soo,Kim, Joo-Hak,Ji, Jeong-Min 대한관절경학회 2005 대한관절경학회지 Vol.9 No.2
슬개건과 슬괵건은 전방 십자 인대의 관절 내 재건에 가장 빈번하게 사용되는 조직이다. 일반적으로 중앙 1/3 슬개건 이식을 전방 십자 인대 재건에 있어서 gold standard로 생각하고 있다. 그러나 Harder와 Aglietti 등의 저자들에 의한 최근의 연구들은 슬관절 안정성과 기능적인 결과에 있어서 중앙 1/3 슬개건 이식과 슬괵건 이식 사이에 통계학적으로 의미 있는 차이점을 발견하지 못했다. 이 연구의 목적은 문헌 고찰을 통하여 (1) 전방 십자 인대 재건술에 있어서 슬괵건 이식의 역사를 고찰하고 (2) 전방 십자 인대 재건술에 있어서 슬괵건 이식의 사용에 대한 적응증을 논의하고 (3) 연합 이중 고리의 반건양건과 박건 이식을 사용하여 $RIGIDFIX^{circledR}$와 $INTRAFIX^{circledR}$로 고정하는 전방 십자 인대 재건술의 술기를 묘사하고 (4) 슬괵건 전방 십자 인대 재건술의 결과를 재검토하는 것이다. The central third of the patellar tendon and hamstring tendons(semitendinosus and gracilis) are the most frequently used tissues for intra-articular replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL). At present, many surgeons consider the central third patellar ten don graft to be the gold standard for replacement of the ACL. Recent prospective studies by Marder et at and Aglietti et al, however, have failed to show any statistically significant differences in knee stability and functional outcome between central third patellar tendon grafts and hamstring tendon grafts. The review of this article is to (1) review the historical use of hamstring tendon grafts for ACL reconstruction; (2) discuss indications for use of hamstring tendon grafts for ACL reconstruction; (3) describe our present operative technique using a combined double-looped semitendinosus and gracilis graft with $RIGIDFIX^{circledR}$ and $INTRAFIX^{circledR}$ and (4) review the results of hamstring ACL reconstructions.