Long second toe: its nail and skin changes

( Geun-hwi Park ),( Woo-il Kim ),( Min-young Yang ),( Won-ku Lee ),( Tae-wook Kim ),( Sung-min Park ),( Hyun-joo Lee ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Nail can be affected by trauma, infection, and systematic disorders. In particular, the toe nails are exposed to the repeated and cumulative minor traumas, which usually result in thickened, splitted, and discolorated nails. Considering these, it can be inferred that the long second toe can be related to various nail and skin changes by repeated minor traumas such as friction in shoes, but the study or report on this topic hasn’t been done yet. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to introduce various nail and skin changes on long second toe. Methods: We analyzed the kinds of nail/skin changes of 50 patients with long second toe, enrolled at Pusan National University Hospitals (Busan and Yangsan) from 2013 to 2018. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of left and right toe and toenail, and 7 (14%) patients presented bilateral distribution. The most common nail change on long second toe was melanonychia (23, 46%), followed by subungual hematoma (15, 30%), onycholysis (2, 4%), subungual hyperkeratosis (2, 4%), onychomadesis (1, 2%), and retronychia (1, 2%). The most common skin change was corn (9, 18%), followed by paronychia (2, 4%). Twenty (20/50, 40%) patients also had other toe or toenail changes. Among them, the most common site was big toe/nail (13, 62%), and the most common change was subungual hematoma (8, 42%). Conclusion: Through this study, the dermatologists can recognize and diagnose the nail and skin changes of long second toe.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

Dermoscopic findings of metastatic skin cancers: a single center experience

( Geun-hwi Park ),( Woo-il Kim ),( Min-young Yang ),( Won-ku Lee ),( Tae-wook Kim ),( Sung-min Park ),( Hyun-joo Lee ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Though skin metastasis is rare, it can seriously affect the prognosis and management. The role of dermoscopy in primary skin cancers are established well, but its role in skin metastasis hasn’t been clear. Objectives: This study was performed to elucidate the dermoscopic patterns of metastatic skin cancers. Methods: We analyzed the dermoscopic patterns and clinical data of 46 patients with metastatic skin cancers at Pusan National University Hospitals (Busan and Yangsan) from 2005 to 2018. Results: Mean age and disease free interval were 62.0±14.2 years and 29.2±41.2 months, respectively. The most common primary origin of cancer was breast (11/46, 23.9%), followed by lung (8/46, 17.4%), and upper gastrointestinal tract (8/46, 17.4%). Any dermoscopic patterns was not found in 8 cases, who showed subcutaneous nodules without surface change. Most common dermoscopic pattern was vascular pattern (30/46, 65.2%), followed by homogenous structureless pattern (16/46, 34.8%). Most common vascular pattern was serpentine and arborizing vessel (23/46, 50%), followed by dotted vessel (7/46, 15.2%). There was no significant difference in dermoscopic vascular pattern among cancers, because the number of subjects was insufficient. Conclusion: Based on our study, when vascular patterns such as serpentine and arborizing vessel or dotted vessel are seen on dermoscopy within a nodule in a patient already diagnosed with cancer, metastatic skin cancer should be strongly considered.

태권도 수련이 수련생들의 주관적 신체변화에 미치는 영향

박장근,신창봉 명지대학교예술체육연구소 2006 예술체육논집 Vol.17 No.-

This study has attempted to analyze the change of human's development in the physical which trainees felt after Taekwondo training according to trainiees' grade and motivation. The result is as follows. 1) Subjective Physical change showed most highly in 1-4 Pum of trainees' level and in hobby of the motivation of training factor. The results didn't show significant differences in trainees' level but in the motivation of training between the groups 2) Score of physical change items showed most highly in the improvement of explosive muscular strength and trunk flexion factor after Taekwondo training.

Bacteriology of chronic suppurative otitis media : a multicenter study

YEO, SEUNG GEUN,PARK, DONG CHOON,HONG, SEOK MIN,CHA, CHANG IL,KIM, MYUNG GU WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2007 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2007 No.-

Conclusions. Bacterial predominance and antibiotic sensitivity have changed over time, making continuous and periodic surveillance necessary in guiding appropriate antibacterial therapy. Objectives. With the development and widespread use of antibiotics, the types of pathogenic microorganisms and their resistance to antibiotics have changed. Knowledge of the species and resistance rates of current pathogens is important for determining the appropriate antibiotics for patients with chronic suppurative otitis media. We investigated the current bacteriology of chronic suppurative otitis media. Subjects and methods. This was a retrospective study of 1102 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media seen at six hospitals in Korea from January 2001 to December 2005. Results. The most commonly identified pathogenic bacterial species was Pseudomonas, with the next most prevalent being methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

mGlu₁ receptor mediates homeostatic control of intrinsic excitability through <i>I</i>_h in cerebellar Purkinje cells

Shim, Hyun Geun,Jang, Sung-Soo,Jang, Dong Cheol,Jin, Yunju,Chang, Wonseok,Park, Joo Min,Kim, Sang Jeong American Physiological Society 2016 Journal of neurophysiology Vol. No.

<P>Homeostatic intrinsic plasticity is a cellular mechanism for maintaining a stable neuronal activity level in response to developmental or activity-dependent changes. Type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGlu(1) receptor) has been widely known to monitor neuronal activity, which plays a role as a modulator of intrinsic and synaptic plasticity of neurons. Whether mGlu(1) receptor contributes to the compensatory adjustment of Purkinje cells (PCs), the sole output of the cerebellar cortex, in response to chronic changes in excitability remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the mGlu(1) receptor is involved in homeostatic intrinsic plasticity through the upregulation of the hyperpolarization-activated current (I-h) in cerebellar PCs. This plasticity was prevented by inhibiting the mGlu(1) receptor with Bay 36-7620, an mGlu(1) receptor inverse agonist, but not with CPCCOEt, a neutral antagonist. Chronic inactivation with tetrodotoxin (TTX) increased the components of I-h in the PCs, and ZD 7288, a hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel selective inhibitor, fully restored reduction of firing rates in the deprived neurons. The homeostatic elevation of I-h was also prevented by BAY 36-7620, but not CPCCOEt. Furthermore, KT 5720, a blocker of protein kinase A (PKA), prevented the effect of TTX reducing the evoked firing rates, indicating the reduction in excitability of PCs due to PKA activation. Our study shows that both the mGlu(1) receptor and the PKA pathway are involved in the homeostatic intrinsic plasticity of PCs after chronic blockade of the network activity, which provides a novel understanding on how cerebellar PCs can preserve the homeostatic state under activity-deprived conditions.</P>

Verification of efficacy as an ergogenic aid and safety in doping of sibjeondaebo-tang

( Hyun Hin Yoo ),( Geun Hoon Choi ),( Man Gyoon Lee ),( Chang Kyun Kang ),( Hyon Park ) 한국운동영양학회 2014 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.18 No.2

Hyun Jin Yoo, Geun Hoon Choi, Man Gyoon Lee, Chang Kyun Kang and Hyon Park. Verification of efficacy as an ergogenicaid and safety in doping of sibjeondaebo-tang. JENB., Vol. 18, No. 2, pp.189-195, 2014 [Purpose]Various kinds of food substances from all over the world have been proposed to use as ergogenic aids for the additional improvement of exercise performance especially in athletes. Herb medicine which usually being applied for the cure of disease is used as a performance booster in several far eastern countries including Korea. Many scientists and coaches have asked very objective verifications on the realityof herb medicines practically used but never been scientifically elucidated well enough. In addition to the possibility as an ergogenicaid, the safety in doping is the critical factor to be examined thoroughly. In this study, Sibjeondaebo-Tang, a leading popular prescribed herb medicine in Korea, was examined. [Methods]After the intake of Sibjeondaebo-Tang, its effects on V˙O2max, recovery from fatigue, and doping safety through the official process as WADA suggested. Six volunteered male Taekwondo Pumsae players were subjected in a repeatedly examined protocol. [Results]First of all, every subjects showed ‘negative’ in doping test, and the treatment did not show any significant improvement on VO2max even though there was a significant decrease in blood lactate level on a step test. [Conclusion]In conclusion, Sibjeondaebo-Tang may have some limited effects as a fatigue delayer and the use of it showed safe to doping test with the strict limitation as the way in this study. So we should abstain from the over-interpreted application of the results so far. [Keywords]ergogenic aid, Doping, Taekwondo, Sibjeondaebo-Tang

의료정책에 따른 종합병원의 로비공간 변화

한광호,함욱,박창근,이낙운 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2004 産業技術硏究 Vol.24 No.B

The purpose of this study are observing changing direction of lobby space that happen by change of medical environment investigating lobby space of General Hospital by our country's medical policy change time and supply pabulum that need in forward Hospital Architecture planning. Results of this study are as follows ; Since Whole National Insurance enforcement from 1993 to 1995, form of general hospital lobby is form that outpatient entrance and inpatient entrance are detached. And lobby function divided to waiting space for medication, requisition space and also that is appearing being detached with rest space for user. ntil 1999 since 1996 that is since Medical Treatment Information System construction, the biggest characteristic of General Hospital lobby form is making Hospital Street itself do improving efficiency of flow planning being included in lobby

도시집합주거의 외부공간의 위계적인 구성방식에 관한 연구 : 한국 전통건축의 공간구성기법을 응용하여 By Analysing the Exterior Space in Korean Traditional Architecture

박창근 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2006 産業技術硏究 Vol.26 No.B

Efficiency and universality which was the spirit of the modern age, had also an enfluence on our living environment. Various types of individual housing unit were developed and mass produced. However, the exterior space in our city is a place for our social life and intermediate place to connect the private life of each individual to our society. For the people to adapt themselves well to their environment, it should be well organized which means it is clearly divided and integrated in a hierarchical order. To realize these conditions, adequate boundaries to divide each territory and entrances to connect each territory are two essential elements. One of the possible methods to realize these conditions can be found in korean traditional architecture where the exterior space has the same figural quality like buildings and is the center of the whole composition. Buildings, walls and colonnades are the elements to define space. Gates, pavilions, gabs between buildings and posts are the elements to symbolize the entrance connecting each space. Each exterior space is integrated to a whole composition. One is the gradual differentiation along the axis which is unique in korean traditional architecture. The other is the rectangular connection which is also found in the other area in the world. The results of this thesis are as follows. The exterior space in the housing area should have the figural quality. The elements to make boundaries defining exterior space are classified into horizontal elements such as low buildings and walls, and vertical elements such as tower-shape buildings which define space in a different way. The position of openings in a housing block affects the characteristic and openness of a exterior space. Various types of gates are used to decide the relationship between spaces.

線型檢出 및 二分檢出에 對한 考察

朴淳圭,金昌根 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1989 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.2 No.-

Tel-AT 시스템 하에서 COBOL 言語로 二分 및 線型檢出을 同一한 데이터를 가지고 10번의 실험을 하여 평균을 낸 것이 Table 1과 같았다. 선형검출에서 레코드 수가 15개 보다 작은쪽에서는 二分檢出보다 時間的으로 작게 걸렸다. 레코드 수가 15개를 超過하면서 데이터의 量이 많으면 많을수록 상당히 時間이 많이 걸렸으며 5,000 개의 경우에 있어서 선형검출의 경우 109.00sec인 반면 이분검출에 있어서는 1.29sec 걸렸다. 結論的으로 線型檢出일 경우 레코드 수가 적은 경우와 검출빈도수가 적은 경우 效果的이고 二分檢出의 경우 레코드 수가 많고 검출 빈도수가 많을수록 상당한 효과를 얻을 수 있는 方法이나 레코드들을 순서적으로 sorting 하는 作業이 必要하다. 이런 정리 작업도 많은 시간이 걸리지만 많은 量의 레코드에서 검출작업을 수행하고 검출의 빈도수가 높을수록 이러한 短點을 능가할 수 있다. This study has analyzed computer searching times of the binary and linear Searches. TEL-AT was used for analysis and software was experimented by COBOL language. The results are as follows; When there was large quantity and frequency of search, binary search was more efficient than linear search. In the case that the number of data were fewer than 15, linear search was more useful than binary search. As the number of data got large than 15, binary search became more and more efficient. In the case of 5,000 records, it needs 109.00 seconds with linear search but 1.29 seconds with binary search. Of course, it took much time to sort with binary search. In conclusion when the data is large, binary search is more efficient than linear search.