조기위암에서 E-cadherin, VEGF-C, VEGF-D의 발현과 Cytokeratin 18로 면역화학염색 한 림프절 전이와의 연관성

김대훈,윤효영,송영진,류동희,민인철,성노현,이상억,Kim, Dae Hoon,Yun, Hyo Yung,Song, Young Jin,Ryu, Dong Hee,Min, In Choel,Sung, Rohyun,Lee, Sang Eok 대한위암학회 2008 대한위암학회지 Vol.8 No.2

목적: VEGF-C와 VEGF-D는 맥관형성성 인자이고, E-cadherin의 비정상 발현은 위암의 진행에 중요한 역할을 한다. 이 연구의 목적은 조기위암에서 E-cadherin, VEGF-C, -D 그리고 cytokeratin 18번을 이용하여 정확하게 측정된 림프절 전이와의 연관성을 연구하는데 있다. 대상 및 방법: 1997년 3월부터 2002년 12월까지 49명의 조기 위암환자들을 대상으로 E-cadherin, VEGF-C와 VEGF-D 면역화학염색을 시행하였다. 림프절 전이를 정확하게 측정하기 위하여 49명 환자들의 1,562개의 림프절을 cytokertin 18을 사용하여 재검사 하였다. 결과: 11 (0.7%)개의 림프절이 12.2% (n=6)의 환자들로부터 새롭게 발견되었다. 정확한 림프절 전이는 점막암에서 3.6%였고, 점막하암에서 38.1%였다. 병기 이동은 3명(6.1%)의 환자에서 관찰되었다. E-cadherin의 비정상 발현은 36.7%에서 발견되었고, VEGF-C와 VEGF-D의 발현은 각각 16.3%와 36.7%에서 관찰되었다. E-cadherin의 비정상 발현은 종양의 분화도(P<0.0103)와 Lauren 분류(P<0.0001)와 뚜렷한 연관성이 있었다. VEGF-C와 VEGF-D는 조기위암에서 림프절 전이를 포함한 임상병리학적 연관성이 없었다. 그러나 E-cadheirn이 비정상 발현되고 VEGF-C 또는 VEGF-D의 발현이 동반되는 환자들에서 림프절 전이의 빈도가 높았다(P=0.0031). 결론: 본 연구에서 조기위암에서 림프절 전이와 VEGF-C, VEGF-D의 발현과의 관계를 증명할 수 없었다. 하지만 E-cadherin이 비정상 발현을 하면서 VEGF-C 또는 VEGF-D의 발현을 동반할 경우 림프절 전이와 연관성이 있었다. Purpose: VEGF-C and VEGF-D are angiogenetic factors, and abnormal expression of E-cadherin hasa role in the progression of gastric carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the expression of E-cadherin, VEGF-C and VEGF-D with the presence of lymph node metastases (LNM) using cytokeratin 18 in early gastric cancer (EGC). Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for E-cadherin, VEGF-C and VEGF-D was performed in 49 EGC patients from March 1997 to December 2002. To evaluate the real extent of LNM, 1,562 lymph nodes from 49 patients were re-examined with the use of cytokeratin 18. Results: Eleven (0.7%) LNM were newly found in 12.2% (n=6) of patients. The real LNM rate was 3.6% in mucosal invasive (m) cancer and 38.1% in submucosal invasive (sm). Stage migration was seen in three patients (6.1%). Abnormal expression of E-cadherin was detected in 36.7% of the patients and expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D was detected in 16.3% and 36.7% of the patients, respectively. Abnormal expression of E-cadherin was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation (P=0.0103) and Lauren classification (P<0.0001). There was no positive relationship of VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression with the clinicopathological findings for EGC including LNM. However, the frequency of lymph node metastases was significantly higher in patients that demonstrated abnormal expression of E-cadherin with positive immunoreactivity of VEGF-C or VEGF-D (P=0.031). Conclusion: In present study, we could not demonstrate a relationship between the presence of LNM and expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in EGC. However, VEGF-C or VEGF-D expression, in addition to the abnormal expression of E-cadherin, was correlated with the real extent of LNM in EGC.

동적충격하중하의 강섬유 보강 콘크리트 패널의 손상특성

임원균(Lim, Won Gyun),윤연준(Yun, Yeon Jun),김대훈(Yun, Yeon Jun),김규용(Kim, Gyu Yong),윤현도(Yun, Hyun Do) 한국콘크리트학회 2014 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.5

집전장치의 Maximum extension detection 기능을 최적화하는 방법에 대한 고찰

김대훈(Dae-hoon Kim),윤기석(Gi-seok Yun) 한국철도학회 2015 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

철도 차량에 적용 된 ADD(Automatic dropping device) 기능은 집전장치 자체 또는 가선에 손상을 입힐 수 있는 상황이 발생한 경우에 집전장치를 초기의 위치로 이동시켜 피해를 최소화 시키는 기능이다. 본 문서에서 다루고자 하는 MED(Maximum extension detection)는 IEC60494-1, 2에서 다루고 있는 ADD의 하위 개념으로써, 본 문서에서는 MED 기능에 대해서 설명하며, 기능구현을 최적화 하기 위한 방법을 고찰하는데 있다. The purpose of ADD is to minimize the damage of the pantograph and the catenary by moving the pantograph to its initial position, in case of failure of pantograph’s operation. MED is a subordinate concept of ADD which is described in IEC60494-1 and 2. In this document, the method to optimize the function implementation of MED is going to be considered.

초음파의 영향을 받는 하향 평판의 과냉 조건에서의 CHF 증진에 관한 실험적 연구

김대훈 ( Dae Hun Kim ),전용호 ( Young Ho Jun ),권영철 ( Young Chel Kweon ),정지환 ( Ji Hwan Jeong ),권정태 ( Jeong Tae Kwon ),이윤수 ( Yun Su Lee ) 한국공업화학회 2003 공업화학 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구는 초음파의 영향을 받는 과냉 풀비등 조건에서의 CHF 열전달 촉진 현상을 이해하기 위해 수행되었으며, 이를 위해 초음파가 가해졌을때와 가해지지 않았을 때의 중류수를 작동유체로 하는 하향평판에서의 CHF가 조사되었다. 실험장치는 수조, 전원공급장치, 시험부, 초음파발생장치(40kH_z), 데이터획득장치 등으로 구성되었으며, 0˚, 10˚, 20˚, 45˚, 90˚의 6가지 시편의 경사 각도와 5℃, 20℃, 40℃의 3가지 과냉도에 대해 실험이 수행되었다. 실험으로부터, 과냉 풀비등 내에 담겨 있는 하향평판의 CHF 열전달이 초음파에 의해 향상됨을 확인하였다. 과냉도에 따른 CHF 증가율은 과냉도가 높아질수록 향상되었고 시편의 경사각도 변화에 따른 CHF 증가율은 경사각도가 증가할수록 감소하였다. 본 실험의 결과로 초음파가 기포의 성장 띤 이탈과정에 큰 영향을 주고 있음을 알 수 있었다. Augmentation of CHF (critical heat flux) by ultrasonic was experimentally studied under subcooled pool boiling condition. Experiment was carried out on a downward-facing plate with and without the ultrasonification. The working fluid was distilled water. Experimental apparatus was composed of a bath, power supply, test section, ultrasonic generator, and DAQ system. Experiment was performed at the subcooling temperature of 5℃, 20℃, 40℃ with the plate at the inclined angles 0˚, 10˚, 20˚, 45˚, 90˚. From the experimental results, it was found that ultrasonic effect enhanced CHF in the downward-facing plate. As the degree of subcooling increased the rate of CHF was enhanced. As the inclined angle increased, the rate of CHF decreased. The heat transfer mechanism of CHF augmentation was found to be closely connected with the dynamic behavior of bobble generation and departure.

20대와 40대의 급성 및 만성요통환자의 척추주위 근육에 관한 횡단면의 비교

김대훈(Dae-Hun Kim),박진규(Jin-Kyu Park),박윤진(Yun-Jin Park),정대인(Dae-In Jung),김성수(Seong-Su Kim) 한국콘텐츠학회 2011 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.11 No.6

이 연구는 20대와 40대의 급성과 만성 요통환자를 대상으로 척추 주위근육의 단면도를 비교하는 것이다. 20대(남자-9, 여자-10)와 40대(남자-8, 여자9)의 대상자들은 MRI로 요추(4번 하부 종단판) 단면도의 척추주위근육(장요근, 다열근, 척추기립근)들의 크기를 PACS(free-handling technique of the picture archiving and communication system(PACS)을 이용하여 측정하였다. 연구 결과 20대 급성과 만성 요통환자들의 척추 주위근들의 차이는 통계학적으로 유의성이 없게 나타났으나, 40대 급성과 만성 요통환자들의 척추 주위근들의 차이는 만성 요통환자들이 근 위축이 통계학적으로 유의성 있게 나타났다. 또한 20대와 40대의 만성요통환자 척추 주위근들의 차이도 40대 만성요통 환자들에게 유의성 있게 나타났다. 연구에서 20대 만성환자들의 근 위축은 나타나지 않았으나 40대 만성환자들은 다양한 이유로 근 위축이 나타났다. 따라서 40대의 만성 요통환자들은 조기의 다양한 요부 근력 운동 및 기능적 활동 등으로 허리 주위근육의 위축을 감소시키는 것이 필요하다. The purpose of this study was to compare acute and chronic LBP patient in twenties and forties, respectively by size measure paraspinal muscle (cross-sectional area; CSA). CSA of paraspinal muscle (psoas, multifidus, erector muscle) size was measured by free-handling technique of the picture archiving and communication system(PACS) using MRI at the level(lower end-plate of L4) in twenties(9 males, 10 females) and forties(9 males, 8 females) in acute and chronic LBP patient. The results of this study showed no significantly difference between acute and chronic LBP (p>0.05) in twenties patients. However, there was significant difference between acute and chronic LBP (p<0.05) in forties patients. Also, there was significant difference in paraspinal muscle CSA between chronic LBP patients in twenties and chronic LBP patients in forties (p<0.05). This study showed that paraspinal muscle atrophy was observed in forties with various cause, but Not chronic LBP patients in twenties. Accordingly it is required for chronic LBP patients in forties to minimize trunk muscle atrophy through immediate back muscle dynamic exercise and early functional activity.

마이크로핀 관 내부 비동열전달에 미치는 전기장의 효과

이윤수(Yun Su Lee),전용호(Young Ho Jun),김대훈(Dae Hun Kim),권영철(Young Chel Kweon),권정태(Jeong Tae Kwon),정지환(Ji Hwan Jeong) 한국공업화학회 2002 공업화학 Vol.13 No.6

본 연구는 전기장에 의한 마이크로핀 관 내부 비등열전달 현상을 이해하기 위해 수행되었으며, 이를 위해 전기장이 인가되지 않았을 때와 전기장이 인가되었을 때의 R-22를 작동유체로 하는 마이크로핀관의 열전달계수 및 압력강하를 조사하였다. 실험변수들로 시험부 입구건도, 질량유속, 열유속, DC 고전압을 선정하였고, 시험부내 증발온도는 5 ℃로 고정시키고 실험을 수행하였다. 냉매의 질량유량은 50 kg/㎡s, 75 kg/㎡s, 100 kg/㎡s, 125kg/㎡s, 열유속은 3 kW/㎡, 5 kW/㎡, 그리고 건도 0에서 0.5까지의 영역에서 DC 고전압(3.5 kV)을 인가하였다. 본 실험을 통하여, 전기장에 의해 관내유동 비등열전달이 향상됨을 관찰하였으며, 동일 DC 고전압하의 열전달특성은 저질량유속, 저열유속, 저건도영역에서 더 우수하였다. 또한 전기장이 인가된 경우에 압력강하도 전기장이 가해지지 않은 경우보다 크게 관찰되었다. Heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops were measured experimentally during the R-22 flow boiling within a micro fin tube, both presence and absence of the EHD effect. Experimental apparatus was composed of a refrigerant loop, a hot water loop, a coolant water loop, and a EHD test section. The DC high voltage(3.5 kV) was applied to the wire electrode which generates the high electric field, while the copper tube was grounded. Experiments were performed with the refrigerant saturation temperature of about 5 ℃, the mass flux of about 50∼125 kg/㎡s, heat flux of about 3∼5 kW/㎡, and inlet quality from 0 to 0.5. From the experimental results, it was found that EHD effect enhanced the boiling heat transfer of the micro fin tube, since the dynamic behavior of bubbles and refrigerant flow were modified by the electric field. Under the same DC high voltage, the heat transfer characteristics are much better at low mass flux, heat flux and quality. Pressure drop results showed that the EHD effect may increase the pressure drop substantially.

한중일의 베체트병에 대한 한의약 임상연구 분석

용석일,구현경,김대훈,손경우,윤영주,Yong, Seokil,Gu, Hyungyung,Kim, Daehun,Sohn, Kyungwoo,Yun, Youngju 대한예방한의학회 2014 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Objective : To find a treatment strategy, this study aimed to review and compare the clinical studies of Korea, China, and Japan on traditional medicine treatment for Behcet's disease. Method : Literature searches were performed on six databases in each country and English databases, such as OASIS, KoreanTK, CNKI, J-STAGE, PubMed, and Cochrane CENTRAL. In addition, using the limited keywords, the area was restricted to traditional medicine treatment, but the period was not limited. Studies were categorized according to the study design and we analyzed the difference of treatment among three countries. Results : One hundred and forty-one clinical studies met our inclusion criteria: 11 studies in Korea, 15 in Japan, 115 in China. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) have increased in China, however, no RCT was reported in Korea and Japan. The method of treatment was mainly traditional herbal medicine in all the three countries, but there were significant differences in the field of syndrome identification and prescription among countries. The studies in China made use of most various treatment modalities and reported the highest effectiveness. Conclusion : Traditional medicine treatment showed a considerable effect for improving various symptoms of Behcet's disease. However, more research for answering the safety and well-designed studies considering characteristics of Behcet's disease should be performed to evaluate the effectiveness of traditional medicine treatment objectively in the future.

저공해 고효율 물분사 수소 보일러의 유용성에 대한 연구

윤종수(Jong Su Yun),김도현(Do hyeon Kim),박태준(Tae Joon Park),김대훈(Dae Hoon Kim),이창언(Chang Eon Lee) 한국가스학회 2019 한국가스학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

디지털 스크롤 압축기를 적용한 시스템 에어컨의 냉난방특성에 대한 실험적 연구

전용호(Young Ho Jun),김대훈(Dae Hun Kim),권영철(Young Chel Kweon),장근선(Keun Sun Chang),이윤수(Yun Su Lee),문제명(Je Myung Moon),윤백(Youn Baek),홍주태(Ju Tae Hong) 대한설비공학회 2003 설비공학 논문집 Vol.15 No.6

In order to investigate the cooling and heating characteristics of a variable-capacity system A/C applying a digital scroll compressor, the cooling and heating capacities and COP are measured by the psychrometric calorimeter. The capacity of the system is controlled by the digital scroll compressor, which is operated by controling PWM valve and the loading vs. unloading time. In the case of unloading compared that of loading, the consumption power of the compressor is about 11% and the capacity variation of the system A/C is within about 1%. When the system A/C is operated under the cooling and heating standard conditions, COP is nearly uniform but cooling capacity and heating capacity increase at minimum, rated and maximum modes. The system A/C applying the digital scroll compressor is effective for the range with high load or the width of large load variation. When the auxiliary heater is on, at the cold region, the system A/C produces the excellent heating capacity.

핀-관 열교환기의 공기측 전열과 압력강하 특성

이상재(S.J.Lee),김대훈(D.H.Kim),이민규(M.K.Lee),권영철(Y.C.Kweon),장근선(K.S.Chang),윤준원(J.W.Yun),정지환(J.H.Jeong) 대한기계학회 2002 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2002 No.5

The purpose of this study is to investigate me characteristics of the air-side heat transfer and pressure drop on the fin pattern of six types of φ 9.52 nun finned-tube heat exchangers. An air-enthalpy Calorimeter is used in this experiment. Experiments are carried out by changing velocity (from 0.7 m/s to 1.5 m/s). From results, we can see that the air-side heat transfer coefficients and the pressure drop depend upon the geometry of the heat exchanger. With increasing the inlet air velocity, the heat transfer and the pressure drop increase linearly and exponentially, respectively. At the same heat transfer area, the heat transfers in the low velocities are nearly the same and those in 1.5 m/s have the maximum 3% difference. The pressure drops have the different trend for the fin patterns.