Topic Marker -Nun as an Exploratory Device : Shifting Domains for Stance Management in Pursuit of Intersubjectivity

Kim, Kyu-hyun 한국사회언어학회 2017 사회언어학 Vol.25 No.2

Kim, Kyu-hyun. 2017. “Topic Marker -Nun as an Exploratory Device: Shifting Domains for Stance Management in Pursuit of Intersubjectivity“. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 25(2), 29~72. From the conversation-analytic perspective, this paper investigates the interactional import of - nun used in assessment activities. The analysis of naturally-occurring interactions suggests that the domain-shifting function of - nun is closely attuned to shifting, or even reversing, the valence of the speaker s evaluative stance in a way that invokes a hitherto unmentioned domain as grounds for soliciting the interlocutor s agreement/affiliation, expressing partial agreement, or marking oblique disagreement. Often formulated as an overstatement to be retracted and/or as a move to solicit the interlocutor s collaborative uptake through claiming knowledge (or lack thereof), the nun- utterance furnishes the speaker with a resource for obliquely implementing face-threatening actions, pursuing common ground, or upgrading affect. Embodying the speaker s ‘exploratory’ stance, the use of - nun conveys the sense that the speaker is going beyond the ‘appearance’ of the matter at hand (e.g., a sub-domain from which a new generic feature may be drawn and attributed to the referent). This practice, which is further supported by the nun- marked adverbials formulated as a ‘logical guidepost expression’, provides for the basis on which the speaker organizes assessment activities in an other-attentive way, e.g., through upgrading affiliation and downgrading disaffiliation vis-à-vis the interlocutor s prior action, while sustaining his/her baseline stance and epistemic independency.

A Conversation Analysis of Korean Sentence-Ending Modal Suffixes -ney, -kwun(a), and -ta: Noticing as a Social Action

Kyu-hyun Kim 한국사회언어학회 2004 사회언어학 Vol.12 No.1

Kim, Kyu-hyun. 2004. A Conversation Analysis of Korean Sentence-Ending Modal Suffixes -ney, -kwun(a), and -ta: Noticing as a Social Action. Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 12(1). Drawing upon H. S. Lee's (1993) cognitively-oriented research on the functions of three sentence-ending modal suffixes in Korean that are used to express newly perceived information, -ney, -kwun(a), and -ta, this study analyzes the distinct meanings of these suffixes from a conversation-analytic perspective (Sacks et al. 1974). The suffix -ney is used in the context in which the speaker notices a referent/event and makes an assessment on the spot in such a way that the speaker's stance displayed through the action is formulated as something that is to be immediately oriented to and contingently taken up by the hearer. In contrast, the suffix -kwun(a) is used when the speaker is mainly oriented to displaying a stance congruent with the prior talk. The action it organizes is often limited to acknowledging a point of the prior talk or having the hearer acknowledge the speaker's observation, often with a salient topic-curtailing and sequence-terminating import. The suffix -ta tends to orient the hearer to the next stage of the speaker's action (e.g., suggestion, warning, offer, etc.) to whose directive force the hearer is variably implicated as a beneficiary/facilitator. The interactional account offered in this paper is shown to complement Lee's cognitive account, with emphasis placed on examining the ways in which these suffixes are used as resources for organizing distinct types of social action.

해도 정보를 이용한 선박의 최적 항로 생성

김민규(Min-Kyu Kim),김종화(Jong-Hwa Kim),양현(Hyun Yang) 한국항해항만학회 2022 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.2

Min-Kyu Kim*․Jong-Hwa Kim**․†최근 자율 운항 선박에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 특히, MUNIN (Maritime Unmanned Navigation through Intelligence in Networks) 프로젝트를 계기로 자율 운항 선박에 대한 개발과 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 또한 국제해사기구 IMO는 자율 운항 선박 시대에대응하기 위해 자율 선박을 MASS (Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship)라 정의하고 선박 자율화 정도에 따라 4단계 등급을 제시하고 있다. 완전한 자율 운항 선박에 대한 요구조건을 만족하기 위해서는 항로 결정과 제어기술이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 여러 가지 기술 중 선박의최적경로를 생성하는 기법을 다룬다. 기존에 최적항로를 생성하기 위한 방법으로는   , Dijkstra와 같은 알고리즘들이 주로 사용되었다. 그러나 이와 같은 알고리즘은 섬이나 육지에 대한 충돌 회피는 고려하고 있지만 수심 및 연안 선박에 대한 규정들은 고려하지 않고 있어실제로 적용하기에는 한계점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 안전을 위해 선박의 선저 여유 수심과, 해도에 규정되어 있는 선박 운항에 대한여러 규정들을 반영하여 최적 항로를 생성하고자 한다. 최적 항로를 생성하기 위한 알고리즘으로는 강화학습 기반의 Q-learning 알고리즘을적용하였다.

The Sentence-Ending Suffix -Ketun in Spoken Korean Discourse: Sequential Organization of Informing as Account-Giving

Kyu- hyun Kim 한국사회언어학회 2010 사회언어학 Vol.18 No.1

Kim, Kyu-hyun. 2010. The Sentence-Ending Suffix - Ketun in Spoken Korean Discourse: Sequential Organization of Informing as Account-Giving. The Sociolinguistic journal of Korea 18(1). From a conversation-analytic perspective, this paper examines the ways in which the Korean sentence-ending suffix (SES) -ketun is used in naturally occurring spoken Korean discourse. Focusing on the question of how the practice of informing implemented by the ketun-utterance provides a basis for the sequentially implemented action of account-giving (Kim & Suh 2009), it analyzes (i) the nature of the information marked by -ketun in terms of how it is grounded, (ii) the sequential contexts where the informing sequence that -ketun generate i embedded, and (iii) features of the ketun-marked account with reference to the practices of formulating non-negotiable upshot, evoking positionaJly relevant identities, unpackaging information geared to enlightening the addressee. and stance-shifting. These practices are anaJyzed as being constitutive of the action-organizational features of the ketun-marked account, whose upshot is proposed to be that of evoking and managing the information gap or disparity in knowledge asserted by the speaker to exist between the participants.

Formulation Sequence in Korean TV Talk Shows : Pre-Sequence as Consensual Grounds for Managing Category Work

김규현(Kyu-hyun Kim),서경희(Kyung-Hee Suh) 한국사회언어학회 2018 사회언어학 Vol.26 No.2

Kim, Kyu-hyun & Suh, Kyung-Hee. 2018. “Formulation Sequence in Korean TV Talk Shows: Pre-Sequence as Consensual Grounds for Managing Category Work”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 26(2). 85~117. From the perspectives of conversation analysis (CA) and membership categorization analysis (MCA), this paper analyzes the formulation sequence in Korean television news interviews and celebrity talk-shows. The analysis shows that the host s formulation is normatively oriented to by the guest as a preliminary action, which projects a range of face-impinging actions, such as challenge, assessment, request, etc. The formulation-confirmation sequence furnishes the host with consensual grounds for embarking on affectively-loaded assessment activities vis-à-vis the guest in his/her own terms. The guest, as the formulation-recipient, may block the host s projected action by using disconfirmation, which points to the contingent nature of the power that the host exercises as the agent of morality. The analysis of the formulation sequence is brought to bear upon the examination of the compositional features of the formulation turn (e.g., sentence-ending suffixes, discourse particle, etc.) and their interactional imports.

제주도 지하수 질산염 농도의 시·공간적 변화 특성: 장기(1993-2015) 모니터링 자료의 평가

김호림(Ho-Rim Kim),오준섭(Junseop Oh),도현권(Hyun-Kwon Do),이경진(Kyung-Jin Lee),현익현(Ik-Hyun Hyun),오상실(Sang-Sil Oh),감상규(Sang-Kyu Kam),윤성택(Seong-Taek Yun) 대한자원환경지질학회 2018 자원환경지질 Vol.51 No.1

1993년부터 2015년까지 관측된 제주도 지하수 장기모니터링 관측정(N = 4,835)에서 수집된 지하수 수질자료(N = 21,568)를 기반으로 질산성질소의 시공간적 변동 특성을 평가하였다. 제주도 지하수의 질산성질소 농도의 중앙값은 2.5 mg/L로서 다른 국가나 대륙의 조사 결과에 비해 다소 높거나 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 지하수 용도, 행정구역 및 고도 별로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 특히, 산간 지역에 비해 저지대 해안가에 위치한 농업 및 주거지역에서 농도가 높음을 확인하였다. Mann-Kendall 및 Sen’s slope 분석을 활용한 질산성질소 농도의 추세 분석 결과, 하류 저지 대에 비해 중산간지역에서의 질산성질소 농도 증가 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 제주도 내 토지 피복의 시계열 변화 특성과 결부 지어 보면, 중산간지역의 오염 증가 추세는 농업지역의 확장 등 인위적 활동 증가에 기인한 결과로 판단된다. 반면,기지정된 지하수자원특별관리구역에서는 전반적으로 질산성질소 농도의 감소 경향이 나타났는데, 이는 지하수 관리 측면에서 수질관리를 위한 적극적인 정책이 유효함을 시사한다. 본 연구에서는 제주도 지하수의 질산성질소 오염관리를 위한 적정 방안을 제안한다. The spatio-temporal variations of nitrate concentrations in groundwater of Jeju Island were evaluated by an analysis of time series groundwater quality data (N = 21,568) that were collected from regional groundwater monitoring (number of wells = 4,835) for up to 20 years between 1993 and 2015. The median concentration of NO 3 -N is 2.5 mg/L, which is slightly higher than those reported from regional surveys in other countries. Nitrate concentrations of groundwater in wells tend to significantly vary according to different water usage (of the well), administrative districts, and topographic elevations: nitrate level is higher in low-lying agricultural and residential areas than those in high mountainous areas. The Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen’s slope analysis show that nitrate concentration in mid-mountainous areas tends to increase, possibly due to the expansion of agricultural areas toward highland. On the other hand, nitrate concentrations in the Specially Designated Groundwater Quality Protection Zones show the temporally decreasing trend, which implies the efficiency of groundwater management actions in Jeju. Proper measures for sustainable groundwater quality management are suggested in this study.

미소결함의 형상인식을 위한 디지털 신호처리 적용에 관한 연구

김재열,홍석주,이규태,김병현,김훈조,김양중 韓國工作機械學會 2000 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.9 No.1

In this study, the classified researches the artificial and natural flaws in welding pails are performed using the pattern recognition technology. For this purpose the signal pattern recognition package including the user defined function was developed and the total procedure including the digital signal processing, feature extraction, feature selection and classifi-er selection is treated by bulk. Specially it is composed with and discussed using the statistical classifier such as the linear discriminant function the empirical Bayesian classifier. Also, the pattern recognition technology is applied to classifica-tion problem of natural flaw(i.e multiple classification problem - crack, lack of penetration, lack of fusion, porosity, and slag inclusion, the planar and volumetric flaw classification problem). According to this results, it is possible to acquire the recognition rate of 83% above even through it is different a little according to domain extracting the feature and the classifier.

간 세포암에서 VEGF, TGF-β1, b-FGF 발현의 의의

김성용,남충현,주종우,채만규,백무준,이문수,김형철,안현철,김홍수,김창진,김창호 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: Angiogenesis is important for the proliferation and the metastasis of solid tumors. The growth of a solid tumor is widely recognized to depend on the process of neovascularrozation. Without angiogenesis, tumors cease to grow beyond even a few milimeters in diameter. It has been shown that tumor vascular density is an independent prognostic marker in several types of human tumors and is known to correlate with poor prognosis. To date, many angiogenic factors have been identified, such as transforming growth factor-α(TGF-α), transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor family(FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor(PD-ECGF), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and angiogenin. Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the second most common tumor in Korean males and is known as a typical hypervascular tumor with frequent portal vein invastion. The authors identified the expreesion of VEGF, TGF-β1, and b-FGF in HCC specimens and evaluated the relationship between these growth factors and the clinicopathologic characteristics of HCC. Method: We reviewed the medical records of 30 patients who were diagnosed as hepatocellular carinoma treated with hepatic resection between January 1994 and December 1998 in Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital. The selection of the cases was decided according to the condition of paraffin block fixation. The prognostic factors such as age, sex, tumor size, concentration of serum α-fetoprotein, presence of liver cirrhosis, presence of tumor emboli in portal vein, TMN stage, amount of transfusion during the operation, hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection, and Edmonson-Steiner(E-S) grade were investigated. Relationship between the prognostic factors and the immunopathologic expression of the TGF-β1, b-FGF, and VEGF was examined. Result: Thirty patients (24 males, 6 females) were included in the current study. The patient's mean age was 50.6 years and the age ranged from 36 to 65 years. The mean size of the tumor was found to be 5.2cm. All the patients were follewed up for 7 to 63 months. Child's classification A patients were 23(76.7%)cases, B patients were 7(23.3%)cases, and C was none. Immunohistochemical staining of HCC tumor mass in VEGF expression patients were 17(56.7%), b-FGF expression patients were 10(33.3%), and TGF-β1 expression patients were 10(33.3%). VEGF expression or more than one positive expression among the three factors correlated with tumor size and the stage of HCC but did not correlated with other clinicopathological characteristics. TGF-β1 and b-FGF did not correlate with any clinicopathological characteristics. Conclusion: The results suggest that the expression of VEGF or more than one positive expression among the three factors in HCC cells may be a significant prognostic factor of HCC.

성인에서 장기간 Furosemide오용과 연관된 신수질 석회화

김윤구,이윤하,이규백,장세호,김대중,오하영,김보현,김미경,조윤숙 대한신장학회 1996 대한신장학회잡지 Vol.15 No.4

Fault Tolerant System에서의 에러 검출기 설계

김현주,최진규,김현욱,김영천 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1991 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.10 No.-

It is important to detect and correct errors in the modern digital system. In this paper, we have designed error detector and corrector in the fault tolerant system. Error detector/corrector consists of data latch, syndrome generator, parity generator, parity checker, syndrome and error detection part and error correction part. In addition, error detectro/corrector have a latch over the data and check bit in order to synchronize system. The operation of error detector/corrector has been checked through the logic simulation.