Silaethene CL₂Si=CHCH₂?Bu의 엔반응 : Unsaturated Compounds of 14Group Elements(Ⅸ)

김정균,박은미,구미영,박경래,손병영 東亞大學校 大學院 1992 大學院論文集 Vol.17 No.-

Silaethene Cl₂Si=CHCH₂?Bu 1, generated as a reaction intermediate by the thermal elimination of LiX from Cl₃SiCHLiCH₂?Bu 2, combines with ene-component containing compounds(propene, 2-methylpropene, DMB) to give 40∼90% yield ene-products. They can be isolated and spectroscopic identified.

옥상정원의 이용실태 조사 및 활성화에 관한 연구(1)

손재룡,박태은,신지웅,이동원,이경회 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(계획계)

Nowadays we globally recognize the importance of the environmental preservation and the environmental energy. The developed countries have already made efforts to realize the saving of energy and the technology based on environment-friendly viewpoint. 'Roof garden' means the restoration of soil eco-system destroyed by rash urbanization and construction. It can also offer the resting place to people in the city. Now it is considered as the realistic way that can solve the serious problems like heat island, pollution and flood in the city fundamentally. In this research, we found out that the following results were obtained: 1) Roof garden is used by users in various objects. Stage, meeting, event, date etc. 2) Users want to design roof garden that have various space features: open and close space, wide and small space etc. 3) The group composed from one to five or more played roof garden. 4) The roof garden aboved have similar facilities excepted one or two. Vaitalization in roof garden remains as a matter to be discussed further.

일부 초등학교 급식 식단의 평가(1) : 구성 식품의 다양성과 영양소 공급량 Based on Food Diversity and Nutrient Content

손은정,문현경 대한영양사협회 2004 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.10 No.1

The sound dietary habit is formed in childhood, which is basic foundation for keeping health. The school foodservice is practiced to provide proper nutritions, to establish the sound dietary habit. Continuous evaluation and improvement are necessary to operate school foodservice effectively. This study was conducted to evaluate the quality of meals served in elementary school based on nutrient content, food diversity. A questionnaire was mailed to dietitian of each school requested for menus of one week. Menus served in 77 schools from each province and major cities in Korea were analyzed. The results of this study were summarized as follows; Compared to 113 of RDA for children, many schools provide lower amounts of energy, calcium and Vitamin A. Proportions of energy from carbohydrate, protein and fat were 59.64%, 17.43% and 20. I 1 YO, respectively and were not significantly dif-ferent by the area, the foodservice system, and the number of persons served. NAR(nutrient adequacy ratio) were lowest for calcium(0.67) and Vitamin A(0.65). MAR(mean adequacy ratio) was 0.83. The results of comparison of NAR and MAR by the area, the foodservice systcm, and the number of persons served were similar to those of nutrient contents. Comparing foods served by the nutrient density were different by nutrient contents, NAR and MAR. Mean nutrient density per meal were higher in large cities than in small cities and rural area, in conventional than in commissary foodservice system. Mean number of dishes and food items per meal were 5.86 and 19.87, respectively. The mean of total quantity of each food group per meal was 352g. The mean of total quantity of each food group per meal were higher in small cities and rural area than in large cities, in commissary than in conventional foodservice system. This study is based only on served menus, and the evaluations of meals based on actual consumption of children are needed. These results suggest that in order to improve the quality of school food service, realistic standard should be suggested and basic study should be done continuously.

Aromatic Toxicants에 의해 유도된 간기능 장해에 미치는 쑥의 영향

조경열,손경선,윤수홍,박은주 효성여자대학교 부설 한국환경위생연구소 1991 환경위생연구 Vol.1 No.1

간장해 물질인 phenylbutazone, aniline, benzo(a)pyrene을 이용하여 유도한 rats의 간독성발현에 미치는 쑥 추출액의 효과와 간장해 예방 효과를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 성분 분석 결과 8종의 무기성분이 검출되었으떠 특히 potassium의 함량이 가장 높았고magnessium과 sodium의 함량이 높았다. 2. 총 14증의 지방산이 확인되었으며 그중 필수지방산인 linoleic acid와 linolenic acid의 함량이높았다. 3. 아피노산 분석 결과 총 16종이 검출되었으며 특히 aspartic acid, glutamic acid와 같은 산성아미노산의 함량이 높았다. 4. 쑥 추출액의 전처리는 phenylbutazone의 투여로 증가한 혈청과 조직중의 AST, ALT, ALP함량 증가를 현저히 회복신켰으나 혈청 LDH의 활성과 bilirubin 함량에는 효과를 나타내지않았다. 5. Aniline의 투여로 증가한 혈청과 간장중의 AST, ALT, LDH, ALP 활성을 쑥 추출액의 투여로크게 감소시킬 수 있었다. 그러나, bilirubin 함량에는 큰 변화가 없었다. 6. 쑥 추출액을 투여함으로씨 benzo(a)pyrene의 독성으로 증가한 혈청과 조직중의 AST, ALT,LDH, ALP 활성을 크게 감소시킬 수 있었으며 특히 LDH의 활성 회복 효과가 현저했다. In search for new drugs and methods of pharmacotherapy of liverdamage, we measured the chemical compositions of mugwort. And the mugwortextract was administrated to the experimental animal and investigated its bioche-mical effects in the serum and liver when aromatic hepatotoxicants - phenylbuta-zone, aniline and benzo(a)pyrene- was administrated. As the results are as follows : 1. 14 kinds of fatty acids,16 amino acids and 8 kinds of minerals were quantita-tively analyzed at mugwort. And major components of them were linoleic acid,aspartic acid, potassium and calcium. 2. The increase of serum and liver aminotransferase activity and bilirubin con-tent in hepatotoxicants treated group was markedly decreased by mugwortpretreatment.

식중독균 항원(Salmonella typhimurium)에 의한 계란항체(IgY) 생산성과 항체특성 및 항균효과

백경연,손규목,배만종,백반석,한준표 경산대학교 생명자원개발연구소 1999 생명자원과 산업 Vol.3 No.-

본 연구는 식중독균을 항원으로 하여 산란계에 면역시킨 후 계란 항체(IgY)의 생산 가능성을 검토하고, 그 항체의 특성과 항균성을 조사하고자 실시하였다. 그 방법으로는 항원으로 사용된 Salmonella typhimurium(ATCC 14028) 등을 incomplete Freund's adjuvant와 동량으로 혼합하여 면역시킨 후 10주간 생산된 계란을 수집하여, 계란항체(IgY)의 분리 및 식중독균 항원에 대한 항체의 특성, 항균성, 생화학적 특성을 측정하였다. S. typhimurium 항원에 면역된 산란계의 계란항체(IgY)생산 및 증가를 측정한 결과, 산란계가 이들 항원에 면역반응을 일으켜 2주 후 혈청과 난황에서 각각 normal군에 비하여 뚜렷한 항체가 생성능을 보였으며, 혈청내의 IgG생성에 비하여 계란항체(IgY)의 생성이 다소 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 혈청 및 난황내의 단백질 함량은 normol군에 비하여 약간 높은 경향을 나타내어 산란계의 혈청 및 난황내의 단백질이 이들 항원에 의하여 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. DEAE-Sephacel column을 통과한 fraction은 두 개의 peak를 나타내었다. 각 fraction의 IgY농도를 ELISA법으로 확인한 결과 두 번째 peak에서 대부분 측정되었다. 분리 정제된 IgY의 분자량을 SDS-polyacrylamide 전기영동법으로 측정한 결과, heavy chain 72∼75KD, light chain 30∼40KD정도였다. Anti-S. typhimurium 항체의 온도에 대한 활성은 60℃에서 30분 가열시 91.5%, 65℃에서 15분 가열시 각각 73.2%의 활성도를 나타내었으며, 80℃에서 15분간 가열시는 거의 활성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. pH에 대한 안정성은 pH 7부터 pH 4까지는각각 98.7%의 활성도를 유지하다가 pH 3부터 급격히 감소하여, pH 2에서는 9.6%로 거의 활성도를 나타내지 않았다. 항균활성을 응집가, 생균수, disc diffusion susceptibility test 등으로 측정한 결과 anti-S. typhimurium 항체의 항균활성도는 매우 미약하게 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서, 본 실험에서 사용된 IgY는 항원에 대한 특이성 및 생화학적 특성 등을 고려해 볼 때 앞으로 식중독균 제거 및 예방 치료뿐만 아니라 식품산업 소재, 각종 질병예방을 위한 의약품 소재, 연구용 kit와 진단용 kit 및 축산분야 등 여러 분야에 응용될 수 있으리라 기대된다. This study was carried out to investigated to get a industrial information from discussion about productive a possibility if IgY antibody, antimicrobial activity and properties of IgY antibody in egg yolk. Immunoglobulin Y in egg yolk and immunoglobulin G in serum were obtained from gens which were immunized with Salmonella typhimurium(ATCC14028). These antibody titers were evaluated in serum and egg yolk by ELISA. After the initial immunization the anti-Salmonella typhimurium IgY antibody level gradually were decreased from firth week to tenth week. On the other hand, the antibody level in the serum were increased from the first week, reaching its peak in the sixth week. The residual antibody activities of IgY were 91.5% after heating for 30min at 60℃. At the same time, were 73.2% after heating 15min at 65℃ and decreased vapidly at 70℃ and little antibody activity was left after heating for 15min at 80℃. When the prepared IgY was stable from pH 7 to 4 and remained to 69.8% at pH 3, respectively.

부정교합 분류에 따른 초경시기와 골성숙도에 관한 연구

김경호,백형선,손은수 대한치과교정학회 1998 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.28 No.4

부정교합 환자에서 사춘기 성장 가속화시기의 치료는 악안면 골격 부조화의 교정과 안모의 개선에 상당한 영향을 미치므로 사춘기의 성장을 예측하고 성장 잠재력을 평가하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 따라서 교정학에 있어서 개개인의 성장 가속화시기와 연관해서 신체의 성장 발육상태를 평가하는 것은 매우 중요하며 교정치료시 반드시 고려되어야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 부정교합 분류에 따라 초경시기에 차이가 있는지와 초경시 골성숙도를 조사하기 위해, I급 부정교합자 64명, II급 부정교합자 51명, III급 부정교합자 38명의 초경 전후 3개월 이내의 수완부골 방사선 사진을 이용하여 골성숙도를 평가한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 초기 평균 연령은 12.50±1.01세 였다. 2. 각 군별 초경연령은 I급 부정교합군이 12.36±1.04세, II급 부정교합군이 12.81±1.03세, III급 부정교합군이 12.32±0.82세로서, II급 부정교합군이 I급 부정교합군 과 III급 부정교합군에 비해 늦은 초경연령을 보였다. 3. 초경시 수완부 골성숙도는 부정교합에 따른 차이가 없었다. 4. 초경시 수완부 골성숙도는 SMI 7이 45.10%, SMI 8이 27.45%, SMI 9가 10.46%, SMI 6이 7.84%, SMI 10이 7.84%, SMI 5가 1.31% 였다. 5. 초경연령과 수완부 골성숙도는 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보였다 (p<0.05, r=0.25430). In order to correct a maxillofacial-skeletal disharmony sucessfully and achieve a favorable facial profile, orthodontic treatment must begin at pubertal growth spurt. Therefore predicting the pubertal growth pattern and evaluating the growth potential is very important. For an orthodontist, estimating skeletal maturity in relation to one`s personal growth spurt is essential and it must be considered into the treatment. The objective of this study was to find out whether there was a difference in menacheal age among different malocclusion groups and to evaluate the skeletal maturity at menarche. The subjects were 64 Class I malocclusion patients, 51 Class II patients and 38 Class III patients. Skeletal maturity was estimated from handwrist radiographs of these patients. Handwirst radiographs were taken between 3 months before and after the menarche. The results were as follows. 1. The mean chronologic age of menarche was 12.50±1.01 years. 2. For the Class I malocclusion group the mean age of menarche was 12.36±1.04 years, for Class II 12.81±1.03 years and for Class III 12.32±0.82 years. According to these results Class II malocclusion patients started mensturation later than Class I and Class III malocclusion patients. 3. No difference was found considering the skeletal maturity at menarche among the malocclusion groups. 4. The skeletal maturity index at menarche was SMI 7 for 45.10%, SMI 8 for 27.25%, SMI 9 for 10.465, SMI 6 for 7.84%, SMI 10 for 7.84% and SMI 5 for 1.31% patients. 5. Statistically there was a significant correlation between skeletal maturity estimated by handwrist radiographs and menacheal age (p<0.05, r=0.25430).

미용사들의 이직욕구에 관한 연구 : 직무스트레스, 근골격계 증상을 중심으로 Focusing on Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Occupational Stress

서은경,문덕환,박명희,김정원,황용식,손병철,김대환,이창희,김휘동,이채언 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.5

Objective : This study was conducted to prepare the fundamental data on desire of job transfer in hairdresser and prevent the health impairment of hairdresser due to occupational stress and musculosketetal symptoms. Methods and Material : The author surveyed the desire of job transfer and muscurlosketetal symptoms and occupational stress with self-reported questionnaire to 105 hairdresser who were working in beautyshop of Busan area and also 121 student in department of cosmestology as control group. Results : The results were as follows: 1. The rates of self reported symptom were 81.0% for shoulder, 72.4% for back, 67.6% for knee, 58.1% for hand in hairdresser, and 79.3% for shoulder, 71.9% for back, 66.9% for neck, 64.5% for hand and knee in student. 2. The rate of musculoskeletal symptom by NIOSH criteria was 36.2% in hairdresser, it was higher than student group(24.8%)(p<0.1). Occupational stress of the groups by occupational stress category was high as decision latitude, skill discretion, psycological job demand, decision authority in order. 3. The results of logistic regression of related varibles with desire of quitting job by logistic regression were statistical bordline significance between desire of quilting and social support(p<0.1). Conclusion : As above results, the author suggest to prepare the preventive program an musculoskeletal symptoms in hairdresser, especially shoulder, and also to control the occupational stress to hairdresser in beauty shop because occupational stress can be a factor of desire of quitting job.

오차드그래스(Dactylis glomerata L.)의 품종에 따른 종자유래의 캘러스 형성률과, 캘러스 크기 및 식물체 재분화 효율의 비교

배은경,이인애,김기용,이병현,손대영,이효신,정민섭,조진기 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2002 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2002 No.-

Comparison results of callus formation ratio from seed explants, callus sizes, regeneration ratios from callus and regeneration efficiency [calculated by following formular; callus formation ratio(%) × regeneration ratio(%)/100]for 27 ochardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.)varieties imported and Hapsung 2 developed in Korea are as follows; 1. Among ochardgrass varieties showing more than 50% callus formation ratios, the descending order of callus formation ratio after bedding the seed explants for 4 weeks was 93>Sparta>Pizza>Condor>Lidaglo>Glorus>Hapsung2>Frode. 2. The callus sizes after bedding for 4 weeks were in the range of φ 0.43cm~4.2cm in which there was 10 times size difference between the largest one and the smallest one but most of them were between φ2.5cm~4cm. 3. The regeneration ratio from callus among varieties were in the range of 0~36% and descending order of the upper 6 varieties was Plano>Akimidori>Justus>Lidacta>Currie>Hall mark. 4. The regeneration efficiency which is calculated by the ratios of regeneration from seed explant numbers was between 0 to 17.4% among which Justus showed the highest value in the 4-week treatment. 5. The correlation between callus formation ratios and the callus sizes, callus formation ratios and regeneration efficiency, and callus sizes and regeneration efficiency were r=0.5765, r=0.6365 and r=0.6246, respectively in 4-week callus and all the correlations were significant on the 1% level. 6. In 6-week callus, the descending order callus formation ratios from seed sxplants for the best 6 varieties was Condor>Sparta>93M>Justus>Potomac>Lidaglo>Frode. 7. The callus sizes formed were between φ1.5~5.7cm in which Sparta, the largest one of φ5.7cm was five times larger than the smallest one. The callus size of the control variety. Hapsung 2 was φ3.8cm, which belonged to larger size. 8. Regeneration ratio showed a great deviation among varieties from 6-week old calli by showing from 0% to 100% in which all the calli were regenerated in Plano while no callus was regenerated in Juno, 9. The range of regeneration effciency was between 0~28% among varieties in which the values from 6-week callus treatment were larger than those from 4-week callus treatment. Especially, the value of Potomac in 6-week was 3 times larger than that in 4-week. 10. The correlation between callus formation ratios and the callus sizes, callus formation ratios and regeneration efficiency, and callus sizes and regeneration effciency were r=0.8369, r=0.6683 and r=0.5937, respectively in 6-week callus, and all the correlations were significant on the 1% level.

간호사의 임상 실무 경험

서문자,손행미,강현숙,권성복,김주현,박영숙,이은희,임난영,조경숙,지성애 성인간호학회 2002 성인간호학회지 Vol.14 No.4

purpose: This study was conducted to describe qualitatively the entities of nurse's experiences in general hospitals and to suggest basic data guiding research on developing Standards of clinical nursing practice in Korea. Method: Fourteen nurses working at general hospitals with over 300 beds in Seoul were interviewed in-depth until saturation using tape-recorders and transcription. Result: The central theme of clinical nursing practice experienced by subjects was "being with clients" that means accepting client's personal character, solving client's needs and providing client-centered nursing. A also "being with clients" was felt to be the responsibility of nurses which was learned from their nursing schools. The nursing strategies performed in order to be with patients were proving skillful nursing techniques, accepting, educating, emotional support, advocating, and self-reflecting, the subjects experienced somewhat problematic affects such as difficulties in interpersonal relationship, work overload, negative image of nursing, deficit of self-confidence for nursing actions, poor working conditions, and unfair treatment. Nurses at the hospital practiced with pride when they felt that they were accepted by clients. Conclusion: Further research is needed to analysis problems in clinical practice and the comparison of nurses' experiences of clinical practice, with nurses' experiences in various settings.

시각적 피드백을 병행한 어깨복합운동프로그램이 어깨비대칭 청년들의 어깨 근력과 정렬에 미치는 영향

강순희, 강은지, 목미경, 박지연, 손혜림, 연우정 한국교통대학교 2016 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.51 No.-

The purpose of this study was to identify whether shoulder complex exercise program with visual feedback could improve the shoulder muscular strength and postural alignment in adolescents with shoulder asymmetry. Twenty eight subjects were recruited from the K university and divided into three groups: experimental 1, 2group(Each n=10) and control group(n=8). For 4 weeks, the experimental group 1 performed shoulder muscle complex exercise program and the experimental group 2 performed shoulder complex exercise program with visual feedback. The control group did not perform exercises. The shoulder muscle strength and difference between the height of left and right shoulders were assessed before, after training using the hand-held dynamometer and Global Posture System. Subordination variables, general characteristics analysis, χ² test and Kruskal Wallis H test were conducted to evaluate differences between groups and training before, after changes were checked Wilcoxon signed rank test with using the PASW 18.0 statistical program. The results of the study were as follows. 1) Both the experimental 1, 2group showed improvements in muscle strength of several muscles following training (p<.01). The control group showed significant reduction in the left posterior deltoid (p<.05), and did not show significant changes in examining other muscles (p>.05). And there were differences among three groups in shoulder muscle strength (p<.001). Muscle strength changes in several muscles were greater in the experimental 1, 2group compared with the control group (p<.001). Muscle strength changes in the several muscles were greater in the experimental group 2 compared with the experimental group 1 (p<.001) 2) Both the experimental 1, 2group showed significant decreases in the difference between the left and right shoulder heights following training (p<.01). The control group did not show change (p>.05). Changes in the difference between the left and right shoulder heights were greater in the experimental 1, 2group compared with the control group (p<.001).