Ethical Issues Experiences and Professionalism of Intensive Care Unit Nurses

Ko, Hyun Jeong,Ahn, Hye Young 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

Aim(s): The purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to provide foundational materials for re-establishing measures to resolve ethical conflicts and re-establish the role and attitude of nurses by examining the experience of ethical issues and professionalism among the nurses working in ICU. Method(s): A total of 141 ICU nurses working in a general hospital located in city D and S participated in this study. The data were collected from September 1 to October 21, 2020, using a structured questionnaire based on a measurement tool for ethical issues, problem-solving methods for ethical issues (Fry and Damrosch, 1994), and professionalism (Hall, 1968). The collected data were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients using SPSS version 26. Result(s): The most frequently experienced ethical issue ICU nurses was “Conflicts in the nurse–physician relationship.” The most difficult ethical dilemma experienced by the nurses was “Providing care with a possible risk to your health.” The average score of professionalism of participants was 3.39±0.45. The average score for the item stating that “Nurses must be in society” was the highest. There was no statistically significant correlation between ethical issues and professionalism of the participants. However, there was a significant positive correlation between ethical issues and autonomy which is a subcategory of professionalism. The patient care issue, which is a subcategory of ethical issues, had a significant positive correlation with autonomy and public service motivation which are subcategories of professionalism. Conclusion(s): It can be inferred that participants with a higher level of autonomy or public service which is a subcategory of professionalism, were more likely to experience ethical issues. The significance of this study is that it provided basic materials for establishing measures to resolve ethical issues experienced by ICU nurses, promoting institutional support, and developing an educational program for re-establishing the role and attitude of nurses.

초등 교사의 과학 관련 사회적 쟁점에 대한 윤리적 민감성

박지선 ( Park Jisun ),송진웅 ( Song Jinwoong ) 한국초등과학교육학회 2016 초등과학교육 Vol.35 No.4

As curriculum statements require addressing ethical and social issues which are raised by modern science and technology, the ability to perceive ethical and social issues regarding science is necessary for teachers to introduce socio-scientific issues (SSI) in their science class. The purpose of this study is to explore elementary school teachers` ethical sensitivity on SSI and attempts to give implications for teacher education. To explore the ethical sensitivity in the context of SSI, the revised version of the Test for Ethical Sensitivity on Science (TESS) was used. Two socio-scientific issues (genetic engineering and radioactive waste) were provided to read and write down five possible questions they believed should be considered before reaching a decision. Data was collected from eighty-two elementary school teachers in Korea. To analyze the ethical sensitivity, the responses including ethical considerations were analyzed by situation and ethical issues. The result showed that 81 out of 82 teacher participants provided at least more than one ethical consideration on each scenario of this study. However, not many teacher could raise various ethical issues and situation that ethical issue might occur. There were only a few teaches who could consider all the situations, `process of scientific research`, `application of science and technology`, and `science influenced by society`, that ethical issues might occur. Especially, teachers failed to consider that the ethical issue can occur in the situation when science is influenced by society. Based on the results, we suggest that during teacher education teachers need to experience finding various ethical issues that can occur in the context of SSI and especially considering the ethical issues when science is influenced by society.

윤리적이슈-자아동일시가 윤리적 소비에 미치는 영향: 자기감시성의 조절효과

박소진 한국마케팅관리학회 2019 마케팅관리연구 Vol.24 No.1

This study explores the effects of ethical issue-self identification on purchase intention and willingness to pay price premium for ethical products and the moderating role of self-monitoring. This research expects that the higher the level of the ethical issue-self identification, the higher the consumer’s purchase intention and willingness to pay price premium for ethical products. Additionally, This study assumes the interaction effects of the level of ethical issue-self identification (high vs. low) and self-monitoring (high vs. low) on the purchase intention and willingness to pay price premium for ethical products of the consumers. As expected, the result shows that the group with high ethical issue-self identification has higher purchase intention and willingness to pay price premium for ethical products than it lower counterpart. Furthermore, The interaction effect of ethical issue-self identification and self-monitoring on purchase intention and willingness to pay price premium for ethical products be found. Specifically, when the level of self-monitoring is high, the group with high ethical issue-self identification has significantly higher purchase intention and willingness to pay price premium compared to the group with low ethical issue-self identification. On the other hand, when the level of self-monitoring is low, there is no difference between two groups. This study suggests that ethical issue-self identification is an important factor in ethical consumption and offers empirical marketing implication to increase ethical consumption. 본 연구는 소비자의 윤리적이슈-자아동일시의 정도가 윤리적 제품에 대한 구매의도 및 가격프리미엄 지불의도에 미치는 영향과 자기감시성의 조절효과를 탐구하였다. 본 연구는 윤리적 이슈와 자아개념과의 동일시 수준이 높은 소비자일수록 윤리적 제품에 대한 구매의도가 높을 것이며 윤리적 제품에 대해 더 높은 가격프리미엄을 지불할 것으로 예상하였다. 그리고 윤리적 제품에 대한 구매의도 및 가격프리미엄 지불의도에 대한 윤리적이슈-자아동일시 수준(낮음 vs. 높음)과 자기감시성 수준(낮음 vs. 높음)의 상호작용효과를 가정하였다. 분석결과 윤리적이슈-자아동일시의 정도가 낮은 소비자들보다 높은 소비자들이 윤리적 제품에 대한 구매의도 및 가격프리미엄 지불의도가 높았다. 그리고 윤리적 제품에 대한 구매의도 및 가격프리미엄 지불의도에 대한 윤리적이슈-자아동일시와 자기감시성의 상호작용효과를 발견하였다. 자기감시성 수준이 낮은 집단에서는 윤리적이슈-자아동일시 수준의 높고 낮음에 따라 윤리적 제품의 구매의도 및 가격프리미엄 지불의도가 차이가 없었다. 반면 자기감시성 수준이 높은 집단에서는 윤리적이슈-자아동일시 수준이 높으면 윤리적 제품의 구매의도 및 가격프리미엄 지불의도가 크게 높아지고 윤리적이슈-자아동일시 수준이 낮으면 구매의도 및 가격프리미엄 지불의도가 크게 낮아졌다. 본 연구는 윤리적이슈-자아동일시와 자기감시성 수준이 윤리적 소비에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인임을 검증하고 윤리적 소비를 증가시키기 위한 실무적 시사점을 제시하였다.

The Ethical Issues Confronting KOREAN SPORT Organizations

Oh Hyoung keun J-INSTITUTE 2018 Kinesiology Vol.3 No.1

The aims of this research are: to identify the ethical issues confronting Korean sport organizations, to find factors influencing the decision making to deal with the ethical issues, and, finally, to suggest development plans for managerial ethics in Korean sport organizations. In particular, the research addresses the following questions: what kind of ethical issues confronting Korean sport organizations? What are the factors influencing decision making to deal with the ethical issues? What are the development plans for managerial ethics in Kore-an sport organizations? Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants working for Korean sport organizations(N=8). Results revealed that Korean sport organizations have been faced with various ethical is-sues, consisting of two main themes: athlete and coach, and organization. While former was related to man-agement and supervision of athlete and coaches, and latter was pertaining to organization’s internal issues. Regarding the factors influencing decision making to deal with the ethical issues, organization’s regulations and obeying boss were identified. In additions, as the tool of ethics management and organizational policy, ethics training programmes and the code of ethics were not applicable and not practical. Finally, improvement of administrative system and eradication of factionalism were suggested for the development plans for mana-gerial ethics in Korean sport organizations.

Developing Active Role of Science Museum in Educating on Ethical Issues on Science and Technology: Four Case Studies

( Kyung Hee Choi ) 한국과학교육학회 2004 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine a) each of the selected science museums for its role in educating on ethical issues in science and technology, b) what are the most frequently dealt ethical themes in science and technology; c) how were those themes presented (via exhibition, play, panel, movies, etc): and d) identify common characteristics in the selected science museums` presentations of ethical issues. The results indicated that selected museums present ethical issues related to technology development, mainly on biotechnology and environmental issues. The type of presentations dealing with ethical issues most frequently were exhibitions, panels and simulations, followed by demonstrations and lectures. All of the selected museums had common characteristics for actively taking an educational role in ethical issues in science. The study suggests that efforts to communicate the ethical issues in various areas should be reinforced to educate students and the public, and that it may be the museum`s role to expose ethical aspects of technology related to human rights, dignity, health and development issues from the early stage of its development.

학교상담자의 자문 관계에서의 윤리 문제와 해결

손현동(Son Hyun dong) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2012 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.12 No.3

자문은 학교상담자의 주요한 역할 중 하나이다. 효율적인 자문을 위해서는 자문자 가 자문 관계의 특성과 이와 관련된 윤리 문제는 무엇이고 어떻게 대처해야 할 것인 지를 알 필요가 있다. 이에 이 연구의 목적은 자문의 정의에 대한 문헌 고찰을 통해 자문 관계의 독특한 특징을 알아보고, 이런 자문 관계의 특징이 학교상담자가 자문 을 실시함에 있어 어떤 윤리적 문제가 제기될 수 있는지를 알아본 후, 각 윤리적 문 제에 대한 해결책을 고찰하는 것이다. 연구결과, 자문의 정의에서 나타난 자문 관계 의 특징은 ‘삼자 관계’, ‘자발적 관계’, ‘일 관련 문제 중심의 관계’, ‘동등한 관계’로 나 타났다. 이런 자문 관계의 특징에 따라 학교상담자에게 요구되는 윤리적인 문제는 ‘비밀 보장’, ‘사전동의’, ‘다중 관계’, ‘힘의 균형’이었다. 각 자문 관련 윤리 문제에 대 한 해결책을 분석하여 제시하였고, 학교상담자들이 윤리적인 자문자가 되기 위해 요 구되는 바들을 제언하였다. Consultation is one of the key roles of school counselors. For an effective consultation it is necessary for consultants to acknowledge the characteristics of consultation relationships and to understand ethical issues related with the relationships. So this study was to identify the characteristics of consultation relationships by reviewing the definition of consultation and to find out which ethical issues are caused by the characteristics of consultation relationship, and then to explore the way to cope with the ethical issues. The result showed that the characteristics of consultation relationships were ‘tripartite’, ‘voluntary’, ‘problem focused related with work’, ‘equivalent’. The ethical issues related with the characteristics were ‘confidentiality’, ‘informed consent’, ‘multiple relationships’, ‘power’. The ways to deal with the ethical issues were discussed. This study will enlarge the interests in ethical issues in consultation and will help school counselors solve ethical dilemmas related to consultation.

임상간호사의 윤리적 이슈 경험과 윤리교육 요구

신자현,정석희,이명하,양영란 한국간호과학회 간호행정학회 2015 간호행정학회지 Vol.21 No.3

Purpose: This study was done to identify the experiences of ethical issues and needs for ethics education in clinical nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was used and data were collected in 2013. Participants were 428 clinical nurses working in the general units of seven medical hospitals. The Ethical Issues in Clinical Practice Tool was used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS WIN 19.0. Results: ‘Providing care with a possible risk to your health’ was the most frequent and disturbing ethical problems for nurses. The highest helpful ethical topic was ‘the patients’ right, autonomy and informed consent’. The ethical issue experience was significantly different according to education level, work units, and type of employment. The necessity of ethics education was statistically different according to age, religion, level of education, duration of working as RN, position, shift type, and continuing education about nursing ethics. Conclusion: The results of this study show that nursing educators need to provide practical ethics education based on frequent ethical issues and helpful education topics. These findings can be used in developing effective education strategies for clinical nurses and nursing organizations to improve nurses’ ethical decision-making abilities. 본 연구는 임상간호사가 경험하는 윤리적 이슈 및 윤리교육 요구를 파악하고 관련 특성을 확인하는 횡단적 조사연구이다. 연구대상자는 7개의 종합병원에 근무하는 간호사 428명이다. 자료 분석은 SPSS WIN 19.0.으로 이루어졌으며, 구체적인 분석방법은 Descriptive statistics, Independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, and Cronbarch’s alpha coefficients을 이용하였다. 주요연구결과는 다음과 같다. 윤리적 이슈 경험정도와 간호사에게 혼란이나 갈등을 주는 윤리적 이슈 모두에서 ‘간호사의 건강을 위협할 수 있는 환자간호 상황’이 1위로 나타났다. 최근에 경험한 윤리나 인간권리 관련 문제들을 다루기 위해 간호사들이 많이 사용한 방법으로 ‘간호동료나 간호 상사와 상의’하는 것이 80% 이상이었으며, 윤리문제에 관한 주제별 교육 필요성 인식 정도는 모든 항목에서 보통 이상의 필요성 인식을 나타냈으며, 가장 필요성 인식이 높은 주제는 ‘환자의 권리, 자율성, 사전 동의’였다. 임상간호사의 윤리적 이슈 경험 정도는 간호사의 학력, 근무부서, 고용형태에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 윤리교육 필요성 인식 정도는 간호사의 연령, 종교, 학력, 총 임상경력, 직위, 근무형태, 윤리 관련 보수교육 경험에 따라 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 우리나라 임상간호사들을 대상으로 윤리적 이슈를 적절히 다루고 윤리 관련 의사결정 능력을 증진시키도록 하는 효과적인 윤리교육 및 근무환경을 제공하기 위한 구체적인 실행전략 개발에 유용하게 이용될 수 있다.

학습분석의 윤리적 이슈와 실천방안에 대한 초등학교 교사의 인식

이현경 ( Hyunkyung Lee ),조영환 ( Young Hoan Cho ),이현진 ( Hyunjin Lee ),함윤희 ( Yoonhee Ham ) 한국교육정보미디어학회(구 한국교육정보방송학회) 2020 교육정보미디어연구 Vol.26 No.1

학습분석은 학습 과정을 깊이 이해하고 개별화된 학습환경을 효과적으로 설계하도록 돕는다. 그렇지만 지속적으로 학생의 행동 데이터를 수집하고 분석하는 과정에서 다양한 윤리적 이슈를 유발할 수 있다. 본 연구는 학교 교육을 개선하는 데 학습분석을 효과적으로 활용하기 위해서 교사의 관점에서 윤리적 이슈를 이해하고 이를 방지하기 위한 윤리적 실천방안을 탐색하고자 한다. 이를 위해 10명의 초등학교 교사를 심층 면담하여 초등학교 맥락에서 학습분석의 윤리적 이슈와 실천방안에 대한 교사의 인식을 조사하였다. 활동이론에 기반하여 면담 내용을 분석한 결과, 프라이버시 침해, 부정확한 분석과 처치, 감시와 검열, 과도한 경쟁, 저성취 학생에 대한 차별, 불명확하고 부적절한 책임 소재라는 여섯 가지 윤리적 이슈를 발견하였다. 그리고 활동체제의 상충관계를 경감시키고 윤리적 이슈를 예방하기 위한 방안으로 교사 교육 강화, 학습분석 시스템의 보안과 안정성 확보, 교육적으로 유의미한 처치 제공, 데이터 수집과 활용에 대한 규범 마련, 교사의 권한과 책임에 대한 규범 마련, 이해관계자의 민주적 의사결정과 참여 문화 형성이라는 여섯 가지 주제를 도출하였다. 본 연구는 학습분석을 성공적으로 학교 교육에 도입하기 위해서 윤리적 이슈에 더 많은 주의를 기울일 필요가 있다는 것을 시사한다. Learning analytics provides opportunities to deeply understand how people learn and to effectively design personalized learning environments, but there are ethical concerns of applying learning analytics, which constantly collects and analyzes student behavior data, in K-12 school. This study aims to explore the ethical issues and strategies through interviews with teachers who play a crucial role in teaching with learning analytics and have the responsibility to protect students from ethical problems. In this study, ten elementary school teachers, who had the experience of learning analytics, participated in the in-depth interviews regarding ethical issues of using the learning-analytics system and ethical strategies to address the issues in the context of Korean elementary schools. The framework of activity theory was applied to analyzing the ethical issues of learning analytics from the socio-cultural aspects. As a result, this study found six themes of ethical issues: privacy violation, incorrect analysis and intervention, surveillance and censorship, excessive competition, discrimination against low achievers, and unclear and inappropriate rules of responsibility. This study also found six themes of ethical strategies to reduce or prevent the contradictions of the activity system. The strategies were closely related to improving teachers’ capacities, learning analytics systems, educational intervention, ethical rules of data collection and analysis, rules of teachers’ rights and responsibilities, and participation of education stakeholders. This study implies that ethical issues are critical in successfully adopting learning analytics to improve teaching and learning in elementary schools.

e스포츠선수의 약물복용 문제에 관한 윤리적 고찰

박성주 ( Sungjoo Park ),임다연 ( Dayoun Lim ),김진희 ( Jinhee Kim ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2020 체육과학연구 Vol.31 No.2

[목적] 현재 e스포츠는 엄청난 인기를 구가하고 있고 e스포츠에 관한 학계의 관심과 연구도 활발해지고 있다. 하지만 현재 e스포츠에 대한 학계의 연구는 e스포츠가 정말 스포츠인지, 즉 스포츠로서 갖는 자질과 지위에 관한 논의에 집중되어 있고 e스포츠에서 발생하는 여러 윤리적 문제에 관한 학술적 조사나 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 이러한 학문적 공백을 메꾸기 위해 본 연구는 e스포츠가 직면한 인지 향상 약물(cognitive enhancement drugs) 복용문제의 윤리적 쟁점을 분석함으로써 e스포츠계의 약물복용 문제 해결을 위한 바람직한 방향성을 제시하고자 한다. [방법] 이러한 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해, 먼저 e스포츠의 환경적 특징을 살펴봄으로써 e스포츠계 부정행위의 양상과 선수들이 약물복용 문제에 노출되는 배경을 파악하였다. 다음으로 e스포츠선수의 인지 향상 약물 복용문제에 관해 어떤 윤리적 쟁점이 존재하고, 왜 그것이 쟁점이 되는지를 여러 학자들의 입장을 통해 고찰하였다. 끝으로 e스포츠의 환경적 특성을 고려할 때 전통적 스포츠로부터 차용한 약물복용 금지 정책이 왜 e스포츠에 부적합한지를 지적하며, 약물복용 문제에 대처하기 위한 e스포츠계의 바람직한 접근방안을 제시하였다. [결과] e스포츠 공정위원회(ESIC)의 정책이나 세계반도핑기구(WADA)의 금지목록은 e스포츠선수의 수요에는 맞지 않을 것이며 새로운 문화로서 e스포츠 산업의 성장을 방해할 위험마저 있다. e스포츠의 환경적 특성을 고려한 e스포츠선수들에게 합리적으로 적용될 수 있는 약물복용 관련 지침을 마련하는 일이 중요하며 약물복용 문제에 대한 e스포츠선수들의 윤리의식과 판단능력을 증진시키기 위한 의무적인 예방교육이 실시되어야 한다. [결론] e스포츠가 주로 젊은 층을 대상으로 세계적으로 인기를 끌고 있고, 그로 인해 프로 e스포츠 선수의 위상과 지위도 높아지면서 청소년에게 미치는 파급력과 영향력을 감안할 때, e스포츠의 윤리적 문제, 특히 약물복용에 관한 문제는 시급하고 시의적인 논의이며 e스포츠의 확산과 건강한 발전에도 함의하는 바가 크다. [Purpose] Highly popular these days, eSport is inviting increasing scholarly attention and research. Scholarly work on eSport, however, remains focused on whether eSport is a “real” sport, that is, its sporting qualities and status, excluding ethical issues. This paper analyzes ethical issues about cognitive enhancement drugs often associated with eSport in order to suggest guidelines for resolving these issues. [Methods] First, environmental features of eSport are examined to find out types of cheating in eSport, as well as the ways eSport athletes are exposed to drugs. Next, ethical issues of cognitive enhancement drug use and why they are important are discussed, drawing upon multiple scholars. Last, this paper argues that the ban on drug use conventionally implemented in sport is not appropriate to eSport due to the characteristics of eSport. The paper concludes with possible future approaches to this issue. [Results] The ban lists administered by ESIC and WADA would not work for the need of eSport athletes and even run a risk of stunting the growth of eSport industries. It is thus important to think up an appropriate drug-related policy for eSport. Preemptive education for eSport athletes is also required to promote the ethical consciousness and judgment regarding drug use. [Conclusion] Insofar as eSport’s huge popularity leads to the increased status of eSport athletes, thereby exerting much influence on young people, ethical questions about eSport, drug use in particular, need to be urgently discussed for the sake of eSport’s wholesome development.

조직관리와 윤리경영에 대한 고찰: 윤리적 기준과 이슈

김정원 한국윤리경영학회 2019 윤리경영연구 Vol.19 No.1

It is very recent that the ethics in business has been raised in people’s attention in society general. And this trend affects the organizations including companies where the ethics is the essence in practice. The organizations began to adopt and disseminate the concept and practice of the business ethics in the area of manage- ment. However, among many functional areas of business management, the area of organization management just like personnel management area is likely to be exposed to unethical problems and issues. Because comparing to other functional areas of business management, it is more closely related to people as the tool for organizational goal. In oder to make organization management more structured and systemized, it is necessary to understand the ethical standard as well as related issues. Therefore, this study followed these procedures: the concepts and ethical stan- dards of ethics in business were analysed; then second, key issues related to corporate ethics management were drawn and discussed. The present state and organizational environment of Korea were put into consideration. 기업경영의 다양한 관리 기능적 분야들 가운데 조직관리 분야는 특히 윤리적인 문제가 발생할 가능성이 높다. 인사관리 분야와 마찬가지로 기업의 조직관리와 관련된 다양한 세부 영역들이 관련 의사결정과정에서 사람을 조직의 목적달성을 위한 주된 수단으로 활용함으로써 윤리적인 문제와의 연관성이 구조적으로 존재하기 때문이다. 따라서 조직관리의 다양한 분야에서 제기될 수 있는 윤리적 이슈들을 구체적으로 파악하여 정리하는 것은 관리적 시사점이나 함의를 도출하기 위한 유의미한 과정이 될 것이다. 이에 따라, 본 연구는 조직관리 분야에 적용될 수 있는 윤리적 기준과 그 기준의 특성을 살펴보고, 조직관리의 다양한 분야에서 제기될 수 있는 윤리적 이슈들을 고찰하는데 연구의 목표를 두었다.