Salinomycin 飼料添加가 反芻動物 第一胃內 微生物과 그 活性에 미치는 影響에 關한 硏究

李學喆,李垠 영남대학교 자원문제연구소 1984 資源問題硏究 Vol.3 No.-

The present experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feeding salinomycin on rumen bacterial flora and protozoal fauna, on bacterial activity involving amylase and urease, on ruminal pH and volatile fatty acids. Eight Korean native goats averaging 19.3kg of body weight were randomly alloted to the diets supplmented with salinomycin at the level of 0 and 30 ppm. After 3 week adaptation period the animals were fed the experimental diet. Ruminal fluids were collected and examined just before feeding. and 4, 8 hours after feeding on days 0, 7, 14. 28 and 42. 1. The total number of ruminal protozoa was markedly decreased with salinomycia diet from the 7th to 14th day, although it was gradually increased after that, it was not recovered at the end of experiment. A significant difference (p<.05) among treatments could be noted in the total number of ruminal protozoa throughout the experimental period. 2. A total of 14 protofoal species were detected throughout the experimental period: 3 species in Isotrichidae, 11 species in Ophryoscolacidae. The number of protozoal species of salinomycin group was lower than that of control group and the number of Holotricha was increased in salinomycin group. 3. The total of ruminal bacteria tended to increase in salinomlrcin group but no significant difference (p>.05) was observed among treatments and the changes in distribution of bacterial type were similar among treatments. 4. The bacterial fluctuation pattern was varied with bacterial types and the total number of Gram-negative bacteria increased with salinomycin diet, while that of Gram-positive bacteria decreased.

孟子와 筍子의 性論과 敎育論에 대한 比較硏究

李學澈 성균관대학교 1969 成均館大學校 論文集 Vol.14 No.1

卵黃을 通해서 母鷄로부터 幼雛에 移行되는 血球凝集抑制抗體에 對하여

李學喆 慶北大學校 1967 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

(A)modified procedure for the essay of fowl leukesis viroses by the resistance inducing factor tissue

李學喆 慶北大學校 1965 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

뉴캣슬병 면역에 대한 검토 III. 예방접종 프로그램과 접종경노를 중심으로 한 뉴캣슬병 면역능 검토

이학철,정유열 한국가금학회 1981 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.8 No.2

The experimental study was undertaken to confirm the effect of vaccination of birds with Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines on the Market by use of th. various vaccination programs. Sixteen groups of birds varying from 2 to f days of age, which were originated from hyper-immunised hens against ND were immunised by three different ways, a live vaccine only, a killed vaccine only, and the combination of a live and killed vaccine according to the each schedule of employed programs. In the administration of a live vaccine only, birds were immunized by one of following methods, the combination of intranasal and intraocular inoculation, intramuscular inoculation, via drinking water and the double inoculation by spray and drinking water application. Except for the double application, all the birds were vaccinated 2,3 or 4 times with two volumes of the virus dose (drinking water application) instructed by the commercial vaccine laboratory, until 21, 28 or 30 days of age, and all the immunized birds 19, 21 or 28 days postvaccination were challenged intramuscularly with 1.0$m\ell$ of 10,000 MLD per $m\ell$ of a virulent ND virus. In the administration of the combination of a live and killed vaccine, birds were immunized 2 or 3 times intranasally at first until 14 or 28 days of age with the same dose of the above experiment of a live vaccine, and then inoculated intramuscularly 1 or 2 times until 60 days of age with 1.0 $m\ell$ of a killed vaccine. And all immunized birds 11 days postvaccination were challenged with the same procedure of the above experiment. In the administration of a killed vaccine only, birds were immunized 3 times intramuscularly until 28 days of age with varied dose (0.2-0.5 $m\ell$) of a killed vaccine and all immunized birds 33 days postvaccination were challenged with the same procedure of the above experiment. The results obtained are summerised as follows: All birds vaccinated by using the combination of a live and killed vaccine program or a killed vaccin only appeared to be refractory. without any sign of illness, to the challenge exposure with 1.0$m\ell$ of 10,000 MLD per $m\ell$ of a virulent ND virus. On the other hand, the survival rates of birds of live vaccine groups immunized by a number of vaccine program such as Salsbury's day old program, 3-3-3 program, the Institute of Veterinary Reserch program and Multiple inoculation program, were 39.58%, 43.7%, 43.75% and 47.80%, respectively. And the survival rates of birds vaccinated with a live vaccine by 4 different ways of administration, i.e., double inoculation by water and aerosol application, intramuscular injection, intranasal instillation and via 4.inking water were 87.50%, 64.06%, 42.18% and 25.00%, respectively.

새롭게 개발된 음향 관련 제품

이학철,이승영 한국소음진동공학회 2011 소음 진동 Vol.21 No.5

뉴캣슬병 면역에 대한 검토 II. 접종경로를 달리하여 $B_1$ Strain을 응용한 면역효과 검토

이학철,정유열 한국가금학회 1981 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.8 No.2

본 연구는 오늘날 뉴캣슬병(ND) 예방접종 목적에 널러 쓰여지는 Adjuvant가 불활화예방약과 약독주 생독예방약(LV)의 두가지 중 특히 논의가 많은 LV의 접종경로에 따르는 면역효과를 밝혀. 그 결과를 일반에게 명확히 제시하여 본병방과에 도움을 주는 목적으로 시행하였다. 이 연구를 위해서 먼저 LV생산재료로 사용되는 $B_1$ 접종 발육계묘에서 얻은 장요막질액의 접종경로별 면역력가를 30일영추를 공시하여 측정한 후, 그 유효량을 사용하여 분무, 비강내적하 근육주사, 음수투여의 4가지 경로를 통해서 상기시험일때와 동일하게 30일추에 각각 접종, 접종경로별로 면역효과를 비교 검토하였다. 그리하여 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. $10^{8.5}$ EI $D_{50}$$m\ell$의 역가를 가진 $B_1$독주장요막강액재료의 10진희척 각단계액을 30일추에 대하여 업종경로별 각소정량을 분무, 비강내적하, 근육주사하였을 때 상기재료의 $10^{-2}$ 희척($10^{6.5}$ EI $D_{50}$$m\ell$) 응용은 만족한 면역성을 부여하였으나 $10^{-3}$희척($10^{5.5}$ EI $D_{50}$$m\ell$)에서는 만족스럽지 못하였으며 I $D_{50}$(-log)는 근육주사=2.8, 분묘>4.1, 비강내적하>4.2이었다. 2. $10^{-2}$ 희포장요막강($10^{6.5}$ EI $D_{50}$$m\ell$)의 접종경로별 각소정량을 30일령 공시추에 접종경로를 달리하여 접종하였을 때 10,000MLD/$m\ell$ ND 병독/$m\ell$의 근육내접종공격에 대한 내과율은 분무가 93.75%, 비강내적하가 95.3%, 근육내접종이 92.6%의 좋은 성적이었는데 반하여 식수투여는 47.18%로 극히 불량하고, 시험한 4가지 접종경로 중 가장 낮은 성적이었다. 낮은 성적이었다.은 성적이었다. The experiment was carried out to observe whether the route of administration of allantoic aminiotic fluid obtained from the chicken embryo infected with $B_1$ virus would affect the protectivity of brids against the challenge exposure of a virulent strain of ND virus. Four groups of birds of 30 days of age were immunized intranassally (0.1 $m\ell$), intramuscularly (1.0 $m\ell$), by spray administration (0.00015 $m\ell$/1㎤) or via drinking water(10.0 $m\ell$), with 1 in 100 dilution of th. fluid containing $B_1$ virus titre of 10$\^$8.5/ELD$\_$50/ per $m\ell$ and all the immunized birds, after 15 days of vaccination, were challenged intramuscularly with 1.0$m\ell$ of 10,000 MLD per $m\ell$ of a virulent ND virus. The results obtained are summerized as follows: 1. Good immunity was induced when 1 in 100 dilution of allantoaminiotic fluid with $B_1$ virus titre of 10$\^$8.5/ELD$\_$50/$m\ell$was applied to 30 day old chicks intramuscularly, intranasally and by spray application, but it was not the case when the allantomiotic fluid was diluted to 1 in 1,000. The ID$\_$50/ of birds immunized with 1 in 100 dilution of allantoaminiotic fluid by various routes of administration such as intramuscular Injection, spray application and intranasal instillation were 10$\^$2.8/>10$\^$4.l and/>10$\^$4.2/ 2. The high protectivity against the challenge exposure with a virulent Newcastle disease virus with 10,000 MLD/$m\ell$ were observed when the birds were immunized with a live vaccine of 10$\^$8.5/ ELD$\_$50/$m\ell$ by intramuscular injection, intranasal instillation or spray application, and the rates by different routes of application were 92.62%, 95.33% and 93.75%, respectively. On the contrary, no good immunity was induced in the groups of birds immunized via drinking water with the live vaccine, the rate of protection against the challenge exposure being 47.18%.

안정된 양계를 바란다 - 양계불황의 대책과 방안

이학철 대한양계협회 1972 월간 양계 Vol.4 No.3

우리나라 닭 전염병 발생상황의 재검토와 양계장의 방역위생

이학철 대한양계협회 1978 월간 양계 Vol.10 No.7

취득세 추징배제사유로서의 ‘정당한 사유’의 판단기준

이학철 한국법학원 2022 저스티스 Vol.- No.192

The exclusion of additional collection for acquisition tax functions as a means to ensure the effectiveness of the reduction or exemption system and to ensure that additional collection does not have too harsh consequences for taxpayers in accordance with the principle of proportion set by the Constitution. Therefore, when determining the ‘just grounds’, it is necessary to first review whether the exclusion of additional collection conforms to the purpose of reduction or exemption, and if not, whether the additional collection is too harsh on the taxpayer. In the former case, considering the purpose of the reduction or exemption system, the possibility of use suitable for the purpose of acquisition is the most important factor, and if the reasonable preparation period exceeds the grace period, it is considered together. Usability is determined based on the progress of direct use, but the impact of restrictions on direct use by taxpayers, etc. is also considered, and the preparation period is based on the average time spent in similar cases, but is calculated by reflecting the specificity of individual cases. In the latter case, the reason for disability that has been prevented from direct use is considered as a primary factor of judgment, and serious efforts of taxpayers and whether they use or profit from taxable items are also considered. The more external the reason for disability cannot be attributed to the taxpayer, the more legitimate the reason is recognized, but if the taxpayer knew or could have known the reason at the time of acquisition, it is restricted. However, even in this case, the restriction is directly applied to taxable items, and it should be easy to know if the taxpayer pays a little attention, and it should be limited to those with a slim possibility of being resolved. In addition, by reflecting the characteristics of the acquisition tax imposed once, the circumstances after the additional collection disposition are also reflected in the judgment of just grounds. 취득세에 대한 추징배제는 감면제도의 실효성을 확보하고 헌법이 정한 비례의 원칙에 따라 추징이 납세의무자에게 지나치게 가혹한 결과를 초래하지 않도록 보장하는 수단으로서 기능한다. 따라서 추징배제사유로서의 정당한 사유를 판단할 때에는 우선 추징배제가 감면취지에 부합하는지를 검토하고, 그렇지 않다면 추징이 납세의무자에게 지나치게 가혹한지를 살펴야 한다. 전자의 경우, 감면제도의 취지를 고려하여 취득목적에 부합한 사용 가능성을 가장 중요한 판단요소로 삼고, 합리적인 준비기간이 유예기간을 초과하는 경우 이를 함께 고려한다. 사용 가능성은 직접 사용에 나아간 진행 상황을 기초로 판단하되, 납세의무자 등에 대한 법령상의 제한이 직접 사용에 미치는 영향을 함께 고려하고, 준비기간은 유사한 사례에서 평균적으로 소요된 기간을 기준으로 하되, 개별 사안의 특수성을 반영하여 산정한다. 후자의 경우, 직접 사용에 나아가지 못하게 된 장애사유를 중점적인 판단요소로 삼고, 납세의무자의 진지한 노력과 과세물건의 사용·수익 여부 등도 함께 고려한다. 장애사유는 납세의무자의 탓으로 할 수 없는 외부적인 것일수록 정당한 사유를 인정하되, 납세의무자가 당해 사유를 취득 당시 알았거나 알 수 있었다면 이를 제한한다. 다만 이 경우에도 그 제한은 과세물건에 직접 적용되는 것으로 납세의무자가 조금만 주의를 기울이면 쉽게 알 수 있고 해소될 가능성이 희박한 것으로 한정되어야 한다. 아울러 1회적으로 부과되는 취득세의 특성을 반영하여 추징처분 이후의 사정도 정당한 사유의 판단에 반영한다.