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Trends in National Pharmaceutical Expenditure in Korea during 2011 - 2020
Kim Yujeong,Chae Jungmi,Shin Seohee,Jo Gayoung,Shin Jihye,Kim Byungsoo,Kim Dong-Sook,Lee Jin Yong 대한감염학회 2023 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.55 No.2
Background: This study aimed to identify the trends in pharmaceutical expenditure (PE), share of PE in health expenditure (HE), and trends in expenditure by pharmacological groups (ATC level 1 classification) in Korea for a 10-year period (2011 - 2020) and compare the data with those of other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Using the findings, we determined the current status of pharmaceutical expenditure (PE) management in Korea and derived the implications for establishing future macroscopic policies on PE. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the OECD Health Statistics and the Korean national health insurance claims database from January 2011 through December 2020. The outcome measures were HE, PE, and pharmaceutical sales data for ATC level 1 medicines from OECD Health Statistics data during 2011 - 2020. As OECD collects limited ATC level 1 data, we used the HIRA health insurance claims data for PEs of ATC level-1 classification, including D, L, P, and S. Results: PE in Korea increased by 38.5% from 19.9 billion USD in 2011 to 27.6 billion USD in 2020, whereas the share of PE in HE decreased by 6.3%p from 26.4% in 2011 to 20.1% in 2020. In 2020, Korea ranked third in PE per capita (760.9 USD PPP) and had the highest share of PE (20.1%) among the 19 OECD countries studied. By ATC level 1 class, the highest PE was A (alimentary tract and metabolism) at 4.3 billion USD, and L (antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents) had the highest increase at 13.4%; in contrast, J (anti-infectives for systemic use) had the lowest increase in annual average PE at −0.2% in 2020 relative to 2011. Among the 17 OECD countries, Korea had the highest and the third-highest expenditures for ATC codes A and J, respectively. Conclusion: PE in Korea has continued to increase between 2011 and 2020, indicating the need for macroscopic management of PE. Our results on PE by ATC code may help health authorities in establishing future policies on PE.
Redox regulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN by glutathione
Kim, Yujeong,Song, Yong Bhum,Kim, Tae-Youl,Kim, Inyoung,Han, Seong-Jeong,Ahn, Younghee,Cho, Seung-Hyun,Choi, Cheol Yong,Chay, Kee-Oh,Yang, Sung Yeul,Ahn, Bong Whan,Huh, Won-Ki,Lee, Seung-Rock Elsevier 2010 FEBS letters Vol.584 No.16
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) expressed in <I>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</I> was reversibly oxidized by hydrogen peroxide and reduced by cellular reductants. Reduction of hPTEN was delayed in each of <I>S. cerevisiae</I> gsh1Δ and gsh2Δ mutants. Expression of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase Gsh1 in the gsh1Δ mutant rescued regeneration rate of hPTEN. Oxidized hPTEN was reduced by glutathione in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Glutathionylated PTEN was detected. Incubation of 293T cells with BSO and knockdown expression of GCLc in HeLa cells by siRNA resulted in the delay of reduction of oxidized PTEN. Also, in HeLa cells transfected with GCLc siRNA, stimulation with epidermal growth factor resulted in the increase of oxidized PTEN and phosphorylation of Akt. These results suggest that the reduction of oxidized hPTEN is mediated by glutathione.</P>
CCTV 와 레이더 센서를 활용한 실내에서의 낙상 사고 감지 방법
김유정(YuJeong Kim),김재철(JaeCheol Kim),김효정(HyoJeong Kim),이종혁(JoungHyeok Lee),정준호(Junho Jeong) 대한전자공학회 2023 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.6
Research is currently underway on real-time fall detection in indoor environments using pose estimation models applied to CCTV. While action recognition models exhibit high accuracy in frontal-view, they suffer from decreased accuracy when applied to CCTV footage setting at the edges of the ceiling where distortion occurs. To address this issue, this paper proposes a method for fall accident detection by combining CCTV with a radar sensor. The proposed pose estimation model combines YOLO, AlphaPose, and ST-GCN to measure seven actions (standing, walking, sitting, stand up, lying down, sitting, fall down). The data values from the radar sensor are labeled and trained using logistic regression to determine fall accidents. Additionally, weights are applied to the measurements of the seven actions.
Han Sojung,Kim Do Young,Lim Ho Yeong,Yoon Jung-Hwan,Ryoo Baek-Yeol,Kim Yujeong,Kim Kookhee,Kim Bo Yeon,Yi So Young,Kim Dong-Sook,Cho Do-Yeon,Yu Jina,Kim Suhyun,Park Joong-Won 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2024 Gut and Liver Vol.18 No.1
Background/Aims: Sorafenib is the standard of care in the management of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics, treatment patterns and outcomes of sorafenib among HCC patients in South Korea. Methods: This population-based retrospective, single-arm, observational study used the Korean National Health Insurance database to identify patients with HCC who received sorafenib between July 1, 2008, and December 31, 2014. A total of 9,923 patients were recruited in this study. Results: Among 9,923 patients, 6,669 patients (68.2%) received loco-regional therapy prior to sorafenib, and 1,565 patients (15.8%) received combination therapy with concomitant sorafenib; 2,591 patients (26.1%) received rescue therapy after sorafenib, and transarterial chemoembolization was the most common modality applied in 1,498 patients (15.1%). A total of 3,591 patients underwent rescue therapy after sorafenib, and the median overall survival was 14.5 months compared to 4.6 months in 7,332 patients who received supportive care after sorafenib. The mean duration of sorafenib administration in all patients was 105.7 days; 7,023 patients (70.8%) received an initial dose of 600 to 800 mg. The longest survival was shown in patients who received the recommended dose of 800 mg, subsequently reduced to 400 mg (15.0 months). The second longest survival was demonstrated in patients with a starting dose of 800 mg, followed by a dose reduction to 400–600 mg (9.6 months). Conclusions: Real-life data show that the efficacy of sorafenib seems similar to that observed in clinical trials, suggesting that appropriate subsequent therapy after sorafenib might prolong patient survival.
( Sojung Han ),( Do Young Kim ),( Ho Yeong Lim ),( Jung Hwan Yoon ),( Baek-yeol Ryoo ),( Yujeong Kim ),( Kook-hee Kim ),( Boyeon Kim ),( So Young Yi ),( Dong-sook Kim ),( Doyeon Cho ),( Jina Yu ),( Su 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics, treatment patterns including subsequent treatment and outcomes of sorafenib of whole HCC patients in South Korea. Methods: This is a retrospective, single-arm, and observational study. Data sources came from the national health insurance data. Included patients were those who had been diagnosed as HCC and received sorafenib between 1 July 2008 and 31 December 2014. A total of 9,923 patients were recruited in this study. Results: The mean age of 9,923 patients were 59 years with male predominance (84.6%). The mean HCC-prevalent duration was 663 days (22.1 months). The most common etiology of HCC was hepatitis B (66%). Before sorafenib treatment, 6,669 (67.2%) patients received other kinds of therapies for HCC including transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), resection and radiation therapy. During sorafenib therapy, 1,565 (15.8%) received combined treatment with other modalities. After sorafenib therapy, 2,591 (26.1%) patients received rescue therapies, of which TACE was the most common modality applied in 1,498 (15.1%) patients. The mean duration of sorafenib administration in all the patients was 105.7 days. In 7,159 (72.2%) patients, the initial and mean sorafenib dose were the same. There were 7,023 (70.8%) patients whose initial sorafenib dose was 600-800mg. The survival was longest in patients with recommended starting dose of 800mg, followed by dose reduction to 400mg (15.0 months). The second longest survival was demonstrated in patients with starting dose of 800mg, followed by dose reduction to 400-600mg (9.6 months). A total of 3,591 patients underwent rescue therapy after sorafenib, and the median OS was 14.5 months which were longer than 4.6 months in 7,332 patients who received supportive care after sorafenib. The most commonly applied treatment after sorafenib was TACE (30.8%). Conclusions: Real-life data show that the efficacy of sorafenib seems to be similar with that in clinical trials. Appropriate subsequent therapy after sorafenib might prolong the patient survival.
An Mi-Jin,Lee Hyun Min,Kim Chul-Hong,Shin Geun-Seup,Jo Ah-Ra,Kim Ji-Young,Kim Mi Jin,Kim Jin Ho,Park Jinhong,Hwangbo Yujeong,Kim Jeongkyu,Kim Jung-Woong 한국유전학회 2023 Genes & Genomics Vol.45 No.4
Background The transcription factor orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2) has critical functions in brain and eye development, and its mutations in humans are related to retinal diseases, such as ocular coloboma and microphthalmia. However, the regulatory mechanisms of OTX2 are poorly identified. Objective The identification of JNK1 as an OTX2 regulatory protein through the protein interaction and phosphorylation. Methods To identify the binding partner of OTX2, we performed co-immunoprecipitation and detected with a pooled antibody that targeted effective kinases. The protein interaction between JNK1 and OTX2 was identified with the co-immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry. In vivo and in vitro kinase assay of JNK1 was performed to detect the phosphorylation of OTX2 by JNK1. Results JNK1 directly interacted with OTX2 through the transactivation domain at the c-terminal region. The protein–protein interaction and co-localization between JNK1 and OTX2 were further validated in the developing P0 mouse retina. In addition, we confirmed that the inactivation of JNK1 K55N mutant significantly reduced the JNK1-mediated phosphorylation of OTX2 by performing an immune complex protein kinase assay. Conclusion c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) phosphorylates OTX2 transcription factor through the protein–protein interaction.
Kim, Hee-Dong,An, Ho-Myoung,Seo, Yujeong,Zhang, Yongjie,Park, Jong Sun,Kim, Tae Geun Elsevier 2010 Microelectronics and reliability Vol.50 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The paper presents the passivation effect of post-annealing gases on the negative bias temperature instability of metal/silicon-oxide/silicon-nitride/silicon-oxide/silicon (MONOS) capacitors. MONOS samples annealed at 850°C for 30s by a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) are treated by additional annealing in a furnace, using annealing gases N<SUB>2</SUB> and N<SUB>2</SUB>–H<SUB>2</SUB> (2% hydrogen and 98% nitrogen gas mixture) at 450°C for 30min. MONOS samples annealed in an N<SUB>2</SUB>–H<SUB>2</SUB> environment are found to have lowest oxide trap charge density shift, Δ<I>N<SUB>ot</SUB></I>=8.56×10<SUP>11</SUP>cm<SUP>−2</SUP>, and the lowest interface-trap density increase, Δ<I>N<SUB>it</SUB></I>=4.49×10<SUP>11</SUP>cm<SUP>−2</SUP> among the three samples as-deposited, annealed in N<SUB>2</SUB> and N<SUB>2</SUB>–H<SUB>2</SUB> environments. It has also been confirmed that the same MONOS samples have the lowest interface-trap density, <I>D<SUB>it</SUB></I>=0.834×10<SUP>11</SUP>eV<SUP>−1</SUP>cm<SUP>−2</SUP>, using small pulse deep level transient spectroscopy. These results indicate that the density of interface traps between the silicon substrate and the tunneling oxide layer are significantly reduced by the additional furnace annealing in the N<SUB>2</SUB>–H<SUB>2</SUB> environment after the RTA.</P>
Yujeong Shim,Jongbae Park,Jaemin Kim,Eakhwan Song,Jeongsik Yoo,Junso Pak,Joungho Kim IEEE 2009 IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility Vol.51 No.3
<P>A new hybrid modeling method is proposed for the chip-package co-modeling and co-analysis. This method is designed to investigate the simultaneous switching noise (SSN) coupling paths and effects on the dc output voltage offset of the operational amplifier (OpAmp). It combines an analytical model of the circuit with a power distributed network (PDN) and interconnection models at the chip and package substrate. In order to validate the proposed model, CMOS OpAmp was fabricated using TSMC 0.25 mum. Then the dc output offset voltage of the OpAmp was measured by sweeping the SSN frequency from 10 MHz up to 3 GHz. It was successfully demonstrated that the experimental results are consistent with the predictions generated using the proposed model. We also confirmed that the dc offset voltage is strongly dependent on the SSN frequency and the PDN impedance profile of the chip-package hierarchical PDN. It shows the necessity for the chip-package co-modeling and simulation of the system-in-package designs.</P>