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Physical properties and chemical composition of the cores in the California molecular cloud
Zhang, Guo-Yin,Xu, Jin-Long,Vasyunin, A. I.,Semenov, D. A.,Wang, Jun-Jie,Dib, Sami,Liu, Tie,Liu, Sheng-Yuan,Zhang, Chuan-Peng,Liu, Xiao-Lan,Wang, Ke,Li, Di,Wu, Zhong-Zu,Yuan, Jing-Hua,Li, Da-Lei,Gao, Springer-Verlag 2018 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.620 No.-
<P><I>Aims.</I> We aim to reveal the physical properties and chemical composition of the cores in the California molecular cloud (CMC), so as to better understand the initial conditions of star formation.</P><P><I>Methods.</I> We made a high-resolution column density map (18.2′′) with <I>Herschel</I> data, and extracted a complete sample of the cores in the CMC with the fellwalker algorithm. We performed new single-pointing observations of molecular lines near 90 GHz with the IRAM 30m telescope along the main filament of the CMC. In addition, we also performed a numerical modeling of chemical evolution for the cores under the physical conditions.</P><P><I>Results.</I> We extracted 300 cores, of which 33 are protostellar and 267 are starless cores. About 51% (137 of 267) of the starless cores are prestellar cores. Three cores have the potential to evolve into high-mass stars. The prestellar core mass function (CMF) can be well fit by a log-normal form. The high-mass end of the prestellar CMF shows a power-law form with an index <I>α</I> = −0.9 ± 0.1 that is shallower than that of the Galactic field stellar mass function. Combining the mass transformation efficiency (<I>ε</I>) from the prestellar core to the star of 15 ± 1% and the core formation efficiency (CFE) of 5.5%, we suggest an overall star formation efficiency of about 1% in the CMC. In the single-pointing observations with the IRAM 30m telescope, we find that 6 cores show blue-skewed profile, while 4 cores show red-skewed profile. [HCO<SUP>+</SUP>]/[HNC] and [HCO<SUP>+</SUP>]/[N2H<SUP>+</SUP>] in protostellar cores are higher than those in prestellar cores; this can be used as chemical clocks. The best-fit chemical age of the cores with line observations is ~5 × 10<SUP>4</SUP> yr.</P>
Junbo Zhang,Shuanghong Yin,Fei Guo,Ren Meng,Chuangfu Chen,Hui Zhang,Zhi-qiang Li,Qiang Fu,Huijun Shi,Shengwei Hu,Wei Ni,Tiansen Li,Ke Zhang 한국미생물학회 2014 The journal of microbiology Vol.52 No.8
Brucellosis is a globally distributed zoonotic disease that causes animal and human diseases. However, the current Brucella abortus vaccines (S19 and RB51) are deficient; they can cause abortion in pregnant animals. Moreover, when the vaccine S19 is used, tests cannot differentiate natural from vaccinated infection. Therefore, a safer and more potent vaccine is needed. A Brucella abortus 2308 ery promoter mutant (Δery) was constructed to overcome these drawbacks. The growth of the Δery mutant was significantly attenuated in macrophages and mice and induced high protective immunity in mice. Moreover, Δery induced an anti-Brucellaspecific IgG (immunoglobulin G) response and stimulated the expression of interferon-gamma (INF-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). Furthermore, the expression of EryA antigen allowed for the serological differentiation between natural and vaccinated infection in mice. These results indicate that the Δery mutant is a potential attenuated live vaccine candidate against virulent Brucella abortus 2308 (S2308) infection.
Yanxu Zhang,Yinli Bi,Huihui Shen,Longjie Zhang 한국미생물·생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.6
Land subsidence induced by underground coal mining leads to severe ecological and environmental problems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have the potential to improve plant growth and soil properties. We aimed to assess the effects of AMF on the growth and soil properties of sea buckthorn under field conditions at different reclamation times. Inoculation with AMF significantly promoted the survival rate of sea buckthorn over a 50-month period, while also increasing plant height after 14, 26, and 50 months. Crown width after 14 months and ground diameter after 50 months of inoculation treatment were significantly higher than in the uninoculated treatment. AMF inoculation significantly improved plant mycorrhizal colonization rate and promoted an increase in mycelial density in the rhizosphere soil. The pH and electrical conductivity of rhizosphere soil also increased after inoculation. Moreover, after 26 and 50 months the soil organic matter in the inoculation treatment was significantly higher than in the control. The number of inoculated soil rhizosphere microorganisms, as well as acid phosphatase activity, also increased. AMF inoculation may play an active role in promoting plant growth and improving soil quality in the long term and is conducive to the rapid ecological restoration of damaged mining areas.
High-Speed PIV Evaluation of Fuel Sprays under Superheated Conditions
( Ming Zhang ),( Min Xu ),( Yu Yin Zhang ),( Gao Ming Zhang ) 한국액체미립화학회 2010 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.-
Spray structure, distribution, and atomization process of the superheated sprays are dramatically influenced by the degree of the fuel superheating. The fuel spray flow field can provide detailed information about such influence due to the fuel superheating. It is anticipated that the fuel spray flow field depends on the superheat degree, which is carefully examined using high-speed PIV in this study. The fuel droplet velocities are measured within the lower number density regions of the spray generated from a multi-hole injector. The spray structure is characterized by spray penetration, maximum spray width and spray angle derived from the spray laser-sheet images. These characteristics are correlated with the spray velocity vector field to analyze the driving force of the spray transformation. The results illustrate that, as the superheat degree increases, the spray velocities in both radial and axial directions vary dramatically accompanied by the unexpected transformations of the spray structure, such as transforming from separate plumes to a collapsed form. The superheat degree is the predominant factor influencing break-up, atomization, and structure of the superheated sprays.
Jiajia Zhang,Feize Li,Yuzhen Yin,Ning Liu,Mengqin Zhu,Han Zhang,Weihao Liu,Mengdie Yang,Shanshan Qin,Xin Fan,Yuanyou Yang,Kun Zhang,Fei Yu 한국생체재료학회 2022 생체재료학회지 Vol.26 No.4
Background: Astatine-211 is an α-emitter with high-energy α-ray and high cytotoxicity for cancer cells. However, the targeted alpha therapy (TAT) also suffers from insufficient systematic immune activation, resulting in tumor metastasis and relapse. Combined immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with chemodynamic therapy (CDT) could boost antitumor immunity, which may magnify the immune responses of TAT. This study aims to discourage tumor metastasis and relapse by tri-model TAT-CDT-ICB strategy. Methods: We successfully designed Mn-based radioimmunotherapy promoters (211At-ATE-MnO2-BSA), which are consisting of 211At, MnO2 and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The efficacy of 211At-ATE-MnO2-BSA was studied as monotherapy or in combination with anti-PD-L1 in both metastatic and relapse models. The immune effects of radioimmunotherapy promoters on cytotoxic T lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) were analyzed by flow cytometry. Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence were used to explore the underlying mechanism. Results: Such radioimmunotherapy promoters could not only enhance the therapeutic outcomes of TAT and CDT, but also induce robust anti-cancer immune activity by activating dendritic cells. More intriguingly, 211At-ATE-MnO2-BSA could effectively suppress the growths of primary tumors and distant tumors when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Conclusions: The tri-model TAT-CDT-ICB strategy provides a long-term immunological memory, which can protect against tumor rechallenge after eliminating original tumors. Therefore, this work presents a novel approach for TATCDT-ICB tri-modal cancer therapy with repressed metastasis and relapse in clinics.
Clerodane furanoditerpenoids from the stems of Tinospora sinensis
Jun-Sheng Zhang,De-Feng Xu,Yin-Yin Wang,Ren-Fen Ma,Hua Zhang 대한약학회 2022 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.45 No.5
One new clerodane-type furanoditerpenoidtinosinoid A ( 1 ) and nine new nor-clerodane analogs tinosinoids B–J ( 2 − 10 ) have been isolated from the stems ofTinospora sinensis . The structures of the new compoundswith absolute confi gurations have been elucidated by spectroscopicmeans, including MS, NMR and ECD techniques,as well as chemical correlation. Compound 1 is a rare sulfurcontainingclerodane diterpenoid incorporating a 2-mercaptoethanolunit via a thioether bond, while compounds 4 / 5and 9 represent two pairs of unusual equilibrium regioisomersthrough an interesting intramolecular transesterifi cation. Our bioassays established that 1 and 8 displayed moderateantiproliferative eff ects against two human tumor celllines, and 9 and 10 showed signifi cant α -glucosidase inhibitoryactivities. A kinetics study revealed that compound 10was a noncompetitive α -glucosidase inhibitor, and its possiblebinding mode to the enzyme was further probed bymolecular docking experiments.
( Gao Ming Zhang ),( Min Xu ),( Yu Yin Zhang ),( Ming Zhang ),( David J. Cleary ) 한국액체미립화학회 2010 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.-
Fuel temperature and the ambient pressure can dramatically influence spray characteristics such as the spray structure, spray penetration, and quantity of vaporized fuel. Higher fuel temperatures that occur in today`s direct-injection engines can reach superheated conditions, dramatically changing the spray due to flash boiling. In this paper, the spray structure and vaporization behaviors are examined for a multi-hole DI injector over a range of superheated conditions. Planer laser-induced-exciplex fluorescence (PLIEF) is used to characterize the spray, where fluorobenzene (FB) and diethyl-methyl-amine (DEMA) are added into n-hexane as vapor and liquid tracers, respectively. The temperature dependence of crosstalk signal intensity is examined using a quartz cell and necessary corrections are made to the spray image. The individual plumes from this multi-hole injector are determined to collapse with increasing superheat degree until the spray transforms into a single plume. The liquid component of the spray is more resistant to collapsing as comparing to the vapor component, where a vapor jet-like structure is formed near the centerline axis of the fuel spray once collapsed. The relative vapor quantity increases with fuel temperature in a near linear fashion until a step change is observed for the vapor signal when the two vapor plumes merge into a single structure.
Jun Li,Liang Zhang,Xiao-Wen Zhang,Hao Zhang,Xue-Yin Jiang,Dong-bin Yu,Wen-Qing Zhu,Zhi-Lin Zhang 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.5
Bottom-contact (BC) copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin film transistor with UV/ozone treated Au as a source/drain electrode was fabricated and the contact resistance was estimated from the transmission line method (TLM). Comparing the properties of OTFT with untreated Au electrode, the performance of the BC CuPc-TFT with the UV/ozone treated Au electrodes was significantly improved: saturation mobility increased from 4.69 × 10−3 to 2.37 × 10−2 ㎠/V s, threshold voltage reduced from −29.1 to −6.4 V, and threshold swing varied from 5.08 to 2.25 V/decade. The contact resistance of the device with UV/ozone treated Au electrodes was nearly 20 times smaller than that of the device with untreated Au electrodes at the gate voltage of −20 V. This result indicated that using the UV/ozone treated Au electrode is an effective method to reduce the contact resistance. The present BC configuration with UV/ozone treated Au electrodes could be a significant step towards the commercialization of OTFT technology.