Epidemiological Characteristics of Norovirus Outbreaks in Shenyang from 2017 to 2021

Qi Ying,Dong Xinxin,Cheng Xiaowei,Xu Han,Wang Jin,Wang Bing,Chen Ye,Sun Baijun,Zhang Linlin,Yao Yan 한국미생물학회 2023 The journal of microbiology Vol.61 No.4

Norovirus is one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. This study aimed to identify the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus outbreaks and to provide evidence for public health entities. Specimens and epidemiological survey data were collected to determine if there were differences in the attack rate of norovirus in terms of the year, season, transmission route, exposure setting, and region and to determine whether there were relationships between the reporting interval, the number of illnesses in a single outbreak and the duration of the outbreak. Norovirus outbreaks were reported throughout the year, with seasonal characteristics (i.e., high rates in spring and winter). Among all regions in Shenyang with the exception of Huanggu and Liaozhong, norovirus outbreaks had been reported, and the primary genotype was GII.2[P16]. Vomiting was the most common symptom. The main places of occurrence were childcare institutions and schools. The person-to-person route was the main transmission route. The median duration of norovirus was 3 days (IQR [interquartile range]: 2–6 days), the median reporting interval was 2 days (IQR: 1–4 days), the median number of illnesses in a single outbreak was 16 (IQR: 10–25); there was a positive correlation between these parameters. Norovirus surveillance and genotyping studies still need to be further strengthened to increase knowledge regarding the pathogens and their variant characteristics, to better characterize the patterns of norovirus outbreaks and to provide information for outbreak prevention. Norovirus outbreaks should be detected, reported and handled early. Public health entities and the government should develop corresponding measures for different seasons, transmission routes, exposure settings, and regions.

中国韩国语教材开发现況及方向硏究

??(Qi, Ying) 국제언어문학회 2019 國際言語文學 Vol.- No.43

본 논문은 중 · 한 양국 한국어 교과서의 역사와 발전 현황에 대한 비교 분석한 것이다. 이를 통해 교과서의 단계별 내용과 특징, 그리고 교육 방법의 구체적 발전 상황을 살폈다. 또 중국의 한국어 교과서 발전이 한국보다 지연된 심층적인 원인에 대해 분석했다. 살펴본 결과 중국의 한국어 교과서가 발전이 더딘 이유는 대학교 교직자의 채용제도 및 평가제도, 출판사의 발간제도, 학술제도, 출판물에 대한 정부 지원과 관련이 있었다. 이런 문제를 해결하고 개선하기 위해서는 교과서 집필진이 집필에 전념할 수 있는 여건 조성과 학술 및 출판물 발행제도를 개선이 시급하다. 대학교는 학교 자치, 학술 자치, 교수가 학교를 관리하는 모델을 실행해야 하고, 더 많은 전문가가 한국어 교과서 편집에 관심을 기울여야 한다. 또 이 논문에서는 현재 중국에서 한국어 학과 인재 육성의 목표와 미래 한국어 교과서 발전에 방향에 대해서도 살폈다. 거기에 가장 중요한 요소는 글쓰기 능력과 의사소통 능력 기르기였다. 아울러 한국어 교과서의 편집은 시대의 흐름에 따라야 하고, 일선 교직자와 학생들과의 소통에 중점을 두어야 함도 밝혔다. This paper firstly reveals the specific variation trends of textbook content, material features and teaching methods in different periods in China and South Korea based on the Comparative analysis of the historical development and current situation of Korean textbooks between the two countries. It is clear that the fruitful achievements in the development of Korean language textbooks have also led to the development of Korean language teachers domestically in Korea. Secondly, In-depth research is carried out to find the reasons for the slow development of Chinese Korean textbooks compared with that of South Korea. The roots of the slow development of Korean textbooks in China is elaborated from the aspects of college teachers" employment system and assessment standards, publishers’ publishing system, academic system and government publishing support. The specific way to solve these contradictions is to reduce the work of the full -time teacher beyond teaching and research, so that teachers can use more concentrated time to do research work, such as writing teaching materials. The government is called upon to further improve the academic and publishing systems, and meanwhile let colleges and universities implement the model of school autonomy, teach governance, and academic management, so that more college teachers can devote themselves to the development of Korean language textbooks. At the same time, more Chinese experts valuing the preparation of Korean language textbooks is advocated. Thirdly, further analysis is made on the goal of Korean language professional cultivation in current China and the future development direction of Korean language textbook. The research shows that the communication and writing ability should be the main direction of the development of teaching materials to meet the specific requirements of talent training at this stage, and an intensive analysis on these two aspects is also promoted. It is pointed out that the training of communication should focus on the speaking and listening training and the cultivation of writing ability should be strengthened by the thorough training in grammar, vocabulary, reading and writing. In addition, the study also suggests that the combination of reading and writing is the best way to improve the ability to write in Korean. Finally, the article proposes that Korean textbooks in the future should be constantly adjusted to meet the needs of the times. Through the exchanges with the frontline teachers and students, the on-site teaching experience should be summarized in order to achieve the optimal goal of improving the development of Korean language textbooks.

Ginsenoside Rg3 in combination with artesunate overcomes sorafenib resistance in hepatoma cell and mouse models

Ying-Jie Chen,Jia-Ying Wu,Yu-Yi Deng,Ying Wu,Xiao-Qi Wang,Amy Sze-man Li,Lut Yi Wong,Xiuqiong Fu,Zhi-Ling Yu,Chun Liang 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.3

Sorafenib is effective in treating hepatoma, but most patients develop resistance to it. STAT3signaling has been implicated in sorafenib resistance. Artesunate (ART) and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3)have anti-hepatoma effects and can inhibit STAT3 signaling in cancer cells. This study aimed to evaluatethe effects of Rg3 in combination with ART (Rg3-plus-ART) in overcoming sorafenib resistance, and toexamine the involvement of STAT3 signaling in these effects. Methods: Sorafenib-resistant HepG2 cells (HepG2-SR) were used to evaluate the in vitro anti-hepatomaeffects of Rg3-plus-ART. A HepG2-SR hepatoma-bearing BALB/c-nu/nu mouse model was used to assessthe in vivo anti-hepatoma effects of Rg3-plus-ART. CCK-8 assays and Annexin V-FITC/PI double stainingwere used to examine cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Immunoblotting was employed toexamine protein levels. ROS generation was examined by measuring DCF-DA fluorescence. Results: Rg3-plus-ART synergistically reduced viability of, and evoked apoptosis in HepG2-SR cells, andsuppressed HepG2-SR tumor growth in mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that Rg3-plus-ART inhibitedactivation/phosphorylation of Src and STAT3 in HepG2-SR cultures and tumors. The combination alsodecreased the STAT3 nuclear level and induced ROS production in HepG2-SR cultures. Furthermore, overactivation of STAT3 or removal of ROS diminished the anti-proliferative effects of Rg3-plus-ART, andremoval of ROS diminished Rg3-plus-ART's inhibitory effects on STAT3 activation in HepG2-SR cells. Conclusions: Rg3-plus-ART overcomes sorafenib resistance in experimental models, and inhibition of Src/STAT3 signaling and modulation of ROS/STAT3 signaling contribute to the underlying mechanisms. Thisstudy provides a pharmacological basis for developing Rg3-plus-ART into a novel modality for treatingsorafenib-resistant hepatoma.

Interleukin-18 Synergism with Interleukin-2 in Cytotoxicity and NKG2D Expression of Human Natural Killer Cells

Qi, Yuan-Ying,Lu, Chao,Ju, Ying,Wang, Zi-E,Li, Yuan-Tang,Shen, Ya-Juan,Lu, Zhi-Ming Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.18

Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in anti-tumor immunity. Interleukin (IL)-18 is an immunoregulatory cytokine that induces potent NK cell-dependent anti-tumor responses when administrated with other cytokines. In this study, we explored the effects of combining IL-18 and IL-2 on NK cytotoxicity as well as expression levels of the NK cell receptor NKG2D in vitro. Freshly isolated PBMCs were incubated for 48 h with IL-18 and IL-2, then CD107a expression on $CD3^-CD56^+$ NK cells was determined by three-colour flow cytometry to evaluate the cytotoxicity of NK cells against human erythroleukemia K562 cells and human colon carcinoma HT29 cells. Flow cytometric analysis was also employed to determine NKG2D expression on NK cells. The combined use of IL-18 and IL-2 significantly increased CD107a expression on NK cells compared with using IL-18 or IL-2 alone, suggesting that the combination of these two cytokines exerted synergistic enhancement of NK cytotoxicity. IL-18 also enhanced NKG2D expression on NK cells when administered with IL-2. In addition, blockade of NKG2D signaling with NKG2D-blocking antibody attenuated the up-regulatory effect of combining IL-18 and IL-2 on NK cytolysis. Our data revealed that IL-18 synergized with IL-2 to dramatically enhance the cytolytic activity of human NK cells in a NKG2D-dependent manner. The results appear encouraging for the use of combined IL-18 and IL-2 in tumor immunotherapy.

Overexpression of microRNA-612 Restrains the Growth, Invasion, and Tumorigenesis of Melanoma Cells by Targeting Espin

Ying Zhu,Hao-liang Zhang,Qi-ying Wang,Min-jing Chen,Lin-bo Liu 한국분자세포생물학회 2018 Molecules and cells Vol.41 No.2

microRNA (miR)-612 shows anticancer activity in several types of cancers, yet its function in melanoma is still unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate the expression of miR-612 and its biological relevance in melanoma cell growth, invasion, and tumorigenesis. The expression and prognostic significance of miR-612 in melanoma were examined. The effects of miR-612 overexpression on cell proliferation, colony formation, tumorigenesis, and invasion were determined. Rescue experiments were conducted to identify the functional target gene(s) of miR-612. miR-612 was significantly downregulated in melanoma tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Low miR-612 expression was significantly associated with melanoma thickness, lymph node metastasis, and shorter overall, and disease-free survival of patients. Overexpression of miR-612 significantly decreased cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion of SK-MEL-28 and A375 melanoma cells. In vivo tumorigenic studies confirmed that miR-612 overexpression retarded the growth of A375 xenograft tumors, which was coupled with a decline in the percentage of Ki-67-positive proliferating cells. Mechanistically, miR-612 targeted Espin in melanoma cells. Overexpression of Espin counteracted the suppressive effects of miR-612 on melanoma cell proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenesis. A significant inverse correlation (r = -0.376, P = 0.018) was observed between miR-612 and Espin protein expression in melanoma tissues. In addition, overexpression of miR-612 and knockdown of Espin significantly increased the sensitivity of melanoma cells to doxorubicin. Collectively, miR-612 suppresses the aggressive phenotype of melanoma cells through downregulation of Espin. Delivery of miR-612 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy against melanoma.

Application Research of Mobile Database Model Based on Ad Hoc Network

Ying Qi,TaoZhang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.9 No.2

汉•韩语持续/进行体的“他者”认识研究

Ying Qi,Qingnan Wu 부산대학교 중국연구소 2017 Journal of China Studies Vol.20 No.3

This paper deals with a comparative analysis of the characteristics of the verb that can appear in the Chinese going-on expression “V-着” and the Korean going-on expression “V-고/어 있다” by using the theory of ‘span of duration’, and the result is that the verb which can combine with the Chinese aspect particle “着” or the Korean auxiliary verb “(-고/어) 있다” must possess the definite feature of “span of duration”. In other words, the verb, which is able to integrate with the Chinese aspect particle “着” and the Korean auxiliary verb “(-고/어) 있다”, can not convey the syntactic meaning of the action’s going-on, unless they do have the clear distinction of “span of duration”. By means of contrastive analysis, we can discover the fact that the Chinese going-on aspect “着” own simultaneously both the succession of the action and the succession of the static state, while when it comes to Korean language, the auxiliary verb differs in the forms when expressing the succession of the action or the static state, which means the accuracy of the going-on aspect in Korean. On the other hand, this paper made further efforts to narrow the range of the object of this study into the verb that can appear in the passive sentence. In order to figure out the characteristics of the passive semantics about the “V+‘going-on’”, this paper also tried to analyze the limiting factors of the verb that can combine with the Chinese and Korean going-on expression in the passive sentence from the perspective of semantics. In the end, this paper summed up the reasons why the verbs can’t be used in the passive sentence of “V+‘going-on’” through analyzing the passive sentences’ meaning, the tense and aspect of the verb, and the semantic collocations. By this way, we can find that there are many similarities and distinctions in the verbs which can turn up in the Chinese and Korean passive sentences. Firstly, almost all the dynamic verbs in the passive sentences have the characteristics of “span of duration”, which belongs to the movement or the state after the movement. Secondly, while the Action Verb that can combine with‘着’in the Chinese passive sentences can indicate the succession of actions, the Positional Verb can reflect the succession of the static state. As to the Korean language, the passive verbs that are in collocation with ‘-고 있다’ can present the feature of the actions’ succession, and the ones that are in collocation with ‘-어 있다’ can show the static state’s succession.

Effect of Urbanization on Climate Change in Nanjing

Qi Ying Xiang,Yu Wenzheng,Shao Li,Chen Tianliang 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.8 No.1

Genetic variations in the bitter taste receptor gene TAS2R38 are related to cigarette smoking behavior in Han Chinese smokers

Qi Fei-Yan,Zhu Zhou-Hai,Li Meng,Guan Ying,Peng Qi-Yuan,Lu She-Ming,Liu Zhi-Hua,Wang Ming-Feng,Miao Ming-Ming,Chen Zhang-Yu,Li Xue-Mei,Bai Jie,Yao Jian-Hua 한국유전학회 2022 Genes & Genomics Vol.44 No.11

Background: Smoking behavior is influenced by multiple genes, including the bitter taste gene TAS2R38. It has been reported that the correlation between TAS2R38 and smoking behavior has ethnicity-based differences. However, the TAS2R38 status in Chinese smokers is still unclear. Objective: This study aims to investigate the possible relationship between genetic variations in TAS2R38 (A49P, V262A and I296V) and smoking behaviors in the Han Chinese population. Methods: The haplotype analyses were performed and smoking behavior questionnaire was completed by 1271 individuals. Genetic association analyses for smoking behavior were analyzed using chi-square test. Further, for investigating the molecular mechanism of TAS2R38 variants effect on smoking behavior, we conducted TAS2R38-PAV and TAS2R38-AVI expression plasmids and tested the cellular calcium assay by cigarette smoke compounds stimulus in HEK293. Results: Significant associations of genetic variants within TAS2R38 were identified with smoking behavior. We found a higher PAV/PAV frequency than AVI/AVI in moderate and high nicotine dependence (FTND ≥ 4; X2 = 4.611, 1 df, p = 0.032) and strong cigarette smoke flavor intensity preference (X2 = 4.5383, 1 df, p = 0.033) in participants. Furthermore, in the in vitro cellular calcium assay, total particle matter (TPM), N-formylnornicotine and cotinine, existing in cigarette smoke, activated TAS2R38-PAV but not TAS2R38-AVI-transfected cells. Conclusion: Our data highlights that genetic variations in TAS2R38 are related to smoking behavior, especially nicotine dependence and cigarette smoke flavor intensity preference. Our findings may encourage further consideration of the taste process to identify individuals susceptible to nicotine dependence, particularly Han Chinese smokers.

中国高校韩语专业“学研一体化” 教学模式研究

??(Qi, Ying) 국제언어문학회 2020 國際言語文學 Vol.- No.47

Through the analysis of the development history of Korean teaching methods in China, this study reveals the characteristics and shortcomings of Korean teaching methods in each period, and proposes the reform programme of Korean teaching methods according to the needs of cultivating innovative talents in China at present. The reform programme is to combine the Bloom"s taxonomy of educational objectives with the Flipped Classroom Model, and apply it to the Korean intensive reading course, so as to realize the purpose of integration of learning and research. In the flipped classroom model, students basically complete the three stages of memory, understanding, and application of the Bloom"s taxonomy of educational objectives through pre-school learning. In the classroom, teachers focus on higher-level cognitive activities such as analysis, synthesis, evaluation, and creation. The transfer of knowledge is carried out before class, which is completed independently by students through various teaching resources such as paper and multimedia. While in class, the content of autonomous completion is discussed and analyzed with the teacher, and the goal of solving the problem is eventually realized. The greatest value of teaching method reform is to cultivate students" ability of learning autonomously, meditating independently and thinking creatively, so as to achieve the purpose of "learning-research integration", but also to accommodate the current development of talent training, so that students can adapt to the society more quickly and better when they work after graduation through such study.