교정 진단을 위한 피개교합심도지수 (Overbite Depth Indicator,ODI)의 새로운 평가

양원식,김태우,장영일 대한치과교정학회 1992 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Since 1984, many patients have been treated with Multiloop Edgewise Archwire(MEAW) Technique and diagnosed with ODI(Overbite Depth Indicator) and APDI(Anteroposterior Dysplasia Indicator) by the authors. 234 samples of them were selected randomly for the statistical analysis(age, sex, Angle's classification, treatment period,, extraction, ODI etc.). Especially, ODI was analysed statistically and its application methods were reviewed. The results ad conclusions were as follows: 1.On the 150 patients with normal overbite, the mean values of Class Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ malocclusion were 67.5。, 72.2。 and 59.0。. They were significantly different on the level of p<0.01. 2.In normal overbite samples, ODI decreased with the increase of APDI and the correlation coefficient was - 0.54.It seems that this result reflects the characteristics of AB to mandibular plane angle. 3.The regression equation was Y=-0.57X+114.64, where X is APDI and Y is ODI. In cases of small or large APDI, it seems to be absurd that the patient's ODI is compared with the mean ODI to differentiate diagnostically the open bite or deep bite tendency from the normal.

Sophora flavescens의 뿌리에서 유래한 Cholinesterase 저해 화합물

장원희, 트란홍광, 김장훈, 양서영, 김영호 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2021 藥學論文集 Vol.36 No.-

Searching for cholinesterase inhibitory compounds from natural products is important to de- velop therapeutic agents for Alzheimer’s disease. Our previous research on the chemical components of Sophora flavescens roots resulted in the isolation of twelve flavonoids, kushenol E (1), maackiain (2), 8-prenylkaemperol (3), 8-prenylnaringenin (4), kushenol L (5), kushenol A (6), kushenol C (7), kushenol B (8), sophoraflavanone G (9), kushenol H (10), isoxanthohumol (11) and kurarinone (12) and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Inhibitory effect of cholinesterase were tested using the Ellman's method. Most flavonoid compounds showed good inhibitory activities on cholinesterases. Kushenol E (1) and sophoraflavanone G (9) showed good inhibitory activities on acetylcholinesterase with IC50 values of 3.75 and 4.14 μM and butyrylcholinesterase with IC50 values of 2.00 and 0.75 μM, respectively. In addition, a kinetic analysis revealed that kushenol E (1) was non-competitive inhibitor with Ki value of 0.77 μM on acetylcholinesterase and 0.16 μM on butyrylcholinesterase, whereas sophoraflavanone G (9) was mixed type inhibitior with Ki value of 9.42 μM on acetylcholinesterase and 0.81 μM on butyrylcholinesterase. These findings suggest that flavonoid compounds from S. flavescens roots are potential cholinesterase inhibitors.

Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy 환자의 MRI에서 보인 뇌교 십자모양 징후 1례

양광익,김수아,배원경 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2

Multiple systemic atrophy (MSA) is a progressive sporadic neurodegenerative disease of undetermined etiology that causes parkinsonism and cerebellar, autonomic, and pyramidal dysfunction in varying combinations. Clinically, the syndrome is difficult to distinguish from other neurodegenerative disorders such as idiopathic Parkinson's disease or other types of cerebellar ataxia. Pontine signal abnormalities on MRI (the cross sign) have been shown to be a typical feature of MSA as compared to controls and idiopathic Parkinson's disease, while their specificity had not yet been clearly established with regard to cerebellar degenerations. A 73-year-old man presented with a gait disturbance, dysarthria and dizziness during 2 years. He complained additional urinary incontinence. His past medical and family history were nonspecific. On neurologic examination, there were cerebellar ataxia, bradykinesia and rigidity. There were no other focal neurologic signs. Routine laboratory parameters were not remarkable. Axial T2-weighted and sagittal T1-weighted MRI showed pontine hyperintesity and cerebellar atrophy. We diagnosed possible OPCA by the criteria of Quinn. We present the pontine cross singn in a case with the clinically diagnosed as possible OPCA.

Chomsky 언어학 이론의 배경

양우진 제주대학교 1971 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

The few modern studies of the history of linguistics have typically taken the position that "tout ce qui est anterieur au XIXe siecle, n etant pas encore de la linguistique, peut etre expedie en quelques lignes. in recent years, there has been a noticeable reawakening of interest in questions that were, in fact, studied in a serious and fruitful way during the seventeenth, eighteenth, and early nineteenth centuries, though rarely since. Furthermore, this return to classical concerns has led to a rediscovery of much that was well understood in this period-what I will call the period of Cartesian linguistics, for reasons that will be sketched below. Linguistics and cognitive psychology are now turning their attention to approaches to the study of language structure and mental processes which in part originated and in part were revitalized in the "century of genius" and which were fruitfully developed until well into the nineteeth century. It is important to bear in mind that the survey that has been presented here is a very fragmentary and therefore in some ways a mis-leading one. Certain major figures-Kant, for exaimple have not been mentioned or have been inadequately discussed, and a certain distortion is introduced by the organization of this survey, as a projection backwards of certain ideas of contemporary interest rather than as a systematic presentation of the framework within which these ideas arose and found their place.

肝吸蟲 感染家兎에 있어서 感染强度, 經過 및 治療에 따른 ELISA抗體價의 變動에 관한 實驗的 硏究

梁元容,李駿商,林漢鍾 고려대학교 의과대학 1984 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.21 No.3

Human clonorchiasis is one of the most common trmatode diseases and of very important pubic health problems in Korea. In the present study, the changing patterns of specific IgG antibody was demonstrated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in the sera rabbits infected with clonorchis sinensis. The O.D> (optical density) values of the ELISA in the sera were merwured according to intensity and course of infections and tendency of decrease after chemotherapy. The ELISA was performed with veronal buffered saline antigen of clonorchis, peroxidase conjugated antirabbit IgG and ortho- phenylendiamine as a substrate by micro method. In the 3 groups of rabbits infected with 50(A group), 500(B group) or 100×5(C group) metacercariae, the sera were prepared biweekly up to 18th week before chemotherapy, and biweekly up to 24th week after chemotherapy. The results were as follows: 1. O.D. values increased gradually with lapse of time before treatment. The O.D. values indicated firstly 1.000 or more in 8 weeks after infection in A group and 4 weeks after infection in both B and C groups. The O.D. values reached plateau at 10 weeks after infection in A group and 8 weeks after infection in both B and C groups. Regression equations between the O.D. values of the ELISA and period(week) after infection among 2 groups were as fllows, y=0.09x+0.319 in A group y=0.08x+ 0.826 in B group and y=0.08x+0.807 in C group. 2. The O.D. values in A group which had been treated decreased gradually and became preinfection level at 24 weeks after chemotherapy. On the contrary the O.D. values in A group which has not been treated showde plateau. The O.D. values in both B and C groups which had been cured decreased gradually and became preinfection level at 24 weeks after chemotherapy.

Arthur Miller 의 The Crucible에 나타난 良心

梁原玉 順天大學校 1985 論文集 人文社會科學篇 Vol.4 No.-

Arthur Miller's The Crucible is a play about the Salem Witchcratf Trial in 1962. Although it is on the historical precedent, the play is a drama of universal significance showing the sense of guilt and conscience. Miller links the characteristic of Salem society with the situation during the McCarthy investigations, when people suffered similarly from a guilt resulting from their awareness that they were not as Rightist as people were supposed to be and when he saw men handing conscience to other men and thanking other man for the opportunity of doing so. In the Crucible we see Proctor, the character of centeral interest in the play, leads the opposition to the witch-hunt until he himself is accused, and it is his final stand on his innocence which ensures that the victims will be looked on as martyrs and that the hunt will be halted. As the witch-hunt begins and his wife, Elizabeth, is accused, Proctor's human goodness is revealed. His sin is not witchcraft, but adultery. Even if he has the respect of the community, it makes him feel a fraud and undermines his self-confidence. Proctor cannot get rid of his guilt and he does want to stay alive with Elizabeth when he awaitshanging,' with those few others who have stood firm in their genuine innocence of life and refused to confess to witchcraft. He decides to tell his lie and accept the loss of his good name in the eyes of all men. But he cannot belie his fellow victims, even though he can belie himself. He stands firm against great pressure and the threat of the gallows. When he decides to die, he finds some shred of goodness in him. His load of guilt has fallen off at last, like christian's at the foot of the Cross, and he can stand upright and choose his death like the good man he truly is, justified at last in his own judgement. Miller has the professional crusader's zeal for humanity. And he, in Proctor, wants to show us the last remnant of pride that save us. His chief struggle as an artist and as a public figure is to reinvest the individual with a moral responsibility, showing us that Proctor wants to be left alone with his wife and his farm by making a false confession, but in the end he goes to his death for the moral responsibility and conscience. In conclusion, moral conscience is essential to the world that would be perfect when individuals are unjustly frustrated, tortunred, sacrified in the rotten society. It is conscience as a private matter that makes the world a friendly place, for our society nees such a conscious hero like Proctor. Miller seems to believe that if conscience is not handed over not only to the state or the mores of the time but to one's friend or wife the world will be just and bright. That is Miller's optimism for the future world.

한국인 태아의 악안면 성장 발육에 관한 연구

양원식,이석근,김철수 대한치과교정학회 1990 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.20 No.3

The objective of this study was to understand the major changes of craniofacial dimensions and spatial growth pattern during the late embryonic and fetal period of human fetures. This study was performed with the selective materials of normal fetuses received from the Registry of Congenital Malformation of Seoul National University Hospital. The specimens consisted of nineteen embryos and sixty-six fetuses. The photomicrographs from mid-segittal sections of embryos were used for angular measurement, and the lateral cephalograms taken with soft X-ray were also measured in liners and angular aspects. All of the anatomical landmarks for the tracing of the photomicrographs and cephalograms were referred to the previous reports on literature. The sequential changes of prenatal craniofacial dimensions and agles were analyzed statistically and discussed on the focus about the developmental growth directions of human oro-facial structure arised from heterogeneous origins. The results are as follows, 1) Cranial base angle was almost formed at about 6 weeks old embryos with the average angle of 127.4 ±6.33°(n=3) and it was almost constant onwards. 2) The linear increase rates of anterior cranial base length and anterior facial height exceeded those of the posterior cranial base length and posterior facial height, and the maxilla grows more rapidly on the horizontal dimension than the vertical dimension during the fetal period. 3) The angular relationship between the anterior cranial base and palatal plane decreased slightly during the fetal period, disclosing 11°at 12th week gestation and 5°at 41th weeks gestation. 4) Gonial angle was maintained almost constantly at about 130° during the fetal period from 12 weeks to 41 weeks of gestation.

軸의 Keyway 附近에서의 應力集中現狀에 관한 硏究

양원호,이정하 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1990 論文集 Vol.41 No.2

The fatigue strength is decreased by stress concentration in the curvature part of a keyway. Thus, the stress concentration phenomena near the kewway of a shaft have been treated as an important issue. The objective of this thesis is to analyze stress concentration phenomena numerically by means of 3-Dimensional Finite Element Method and to examine fracture form near the keyway of a shaft by a torsional fatigue testing. Stress concentration phenomena have been studied for various width, depth, and sled radius of the sled runner type key way of the shaft which is subjected to torsional moment. Torsional fatigue tests were carried out using PMMA bar specimen to examine the initiation and the form of fracture. The following results were obtained. 1.. The maximum principal stress was appeared near the end corner portion of a sled part and the direction of the maximum principal stress was 45 degree with the axis of the shaft. 2. As the depth of the keyway is being increased, the stress concentration coefficient for the maximum principal stress which appeared sled part is increased. And as the width of the keyway or the radius of the sled is being increased, stress concentration coefficient is decreased. 3. The fracture of a low ductile shaft occurs at the point where the distortion energy density is greatest and the direction of fracture is 45 degree with the axis of the shaft by means of principal stresses. The fracture of a high ductile shaft occurs, however, in the dirction of 90 degree with the axis of the shaft by means of the maximum shear stress at the parallel portion of the keyway.

Desire Under the Elms에 나타난 Mpther-image에 대한 小考

梁原玉 順天大學校 1984 論文集 人文社會科學篇 Vol.3 No.-

Desire Under the Elms(1924) may be reckoned one of the first classics to be produced by the American theatre, as marking a turning point in O'Neill's development as a dramatist. In the play, O'Neill attempted to express the Force behind in the relation between man and God which he was interested only. There is "something within us," in that life is struggle. In this paper, the Mother-image is examined in order to find out the ralation between man and God, and the Force behind. The Motherimage is found in the stage direction, especially in the expression of the elms. The elms, like exhausted woman, appear to protect and at the same time subdue with a sinister maternity. This seems to be O'Neill's purpose to show tragic possibilities in man's involvement which the Motherimage. The sinister maternity is seen in Min who is a village "Scarlet Woman" and the prostiture-Earth Mother. By taking her, Eben has his mother's revenge on his father, Ephraim. Something in Eben's eys is an example of the bitter hatred that exists between father and son. The hatred becomes intense when Abbie, Ephraim's third wife, is brought to the farm by Ephraim. But the desire to possess the farm, to Abbie, is transformed into the sexual desire for Eben, because of her sinister maternity which has the spirit of Nature. Like Phaedra, Abbie conceals her growing passion for Eben with the mask of scorn. But she is the natural elms and has the life-giving force. And the incest between Eben and Abbie is the prelude of the struggle against the obstacles in the world. It means the hint of the spiritual resurrection or the rebirth of the soul. The sinister maternity is made clear through the infanticide by Abbie. "Something" is the mother that makes Ephraim be lonesome and Eben find his own individuality. In conclusion, the Motherimage can be explained as a "Mystery" that makes man struggle against divorce from an alien world. The expression of the Mystery is the way O'Neill found like, and in the mystery the tragic beauty which is truth is the meaning of life-and the hope in hopelessness.

하악 후방 견인력이 성장기 유년의 하악과두에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

양원식,임용규 대한치과교정학회 1990 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.20 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the mandibular retractive force on the mandibular condyle of growing dog. The experimental animals were six mongrel dogs of two-month old. Their deciduous dentition were completed. Two of them was used as control group, and experimental group was composed of remaining four. Head band and chin cup were made of cotton tape, and hooks are fabricated on the chin cup and had band for closed coil. Mandibular retractive force was 100g/side and chin cap appliance was used for 14 hours/day during night. Experimental group were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks from beginning of the experiment. Right TMJ was prepared for histologic study and left TMJ was examined grossly for disc, fossa, and condyle. The conclusions are: 1. Two-month old control animal showed active cartilaginous growth on the mandibular condyle, therefore showed thick proliferative and hypertrophic zones. Remodeling process in the condyle head was observed in which there were bone resorption on the anterior surface and bone apposition on the posterior surface. 2. Four-month old control animal showed marked reduction of hypertrophic zone but the condylar bone remodeling was more pronounced. 3. In experimental group, there are marked reduction of hypertrophic zone at 4 weeks from beginning of experiment, and hypertrophic zone disappeared at posterior-superior portion of condyle in 6-week experimental animal. 8 week experimental animal showed slight recovery of hypertrophic zone. 4. In experimental group, bone deposition was increased at anterior surface of condyle, and bone resorption was increased at posterior surface of condyle. 5. In control group, the glenoid fossa and surrounding bone showed mainly bone apposition. But experimental group showed bone resorption at anterior surface of articular eminence and increased bone apposition at posterior surface of postglenoid spine. 6. No marked traumatic change was seen but 4 weeks and 8 weeks experimental animal showed flattening of posterior surperior condylar surface. Bone marrow of condyle showed minute focal bleeding in 2 weeks and 4 weeks experimental animal, and congestion and depression of hematopoietic bone marrow during all experimental period.