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A Study on the Verification Method of Ships’ Fuel Oil Consumption by using AIS
Jinyoung Yang 해양환경안전학회 2019 海洋環境安全學會誌 Vol.25 No.3
Since 2020, according to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) amended in 2016, each Administration shall transfer the annual fuel consumption of its registered ships of 5,000 gross tonnage and above to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) after verifying them. The Administration needs stacks of materials, which must not be manipulated by ship companies, including the Engine log book and also bears an administrative burden to verify them by May every year. This study considers using the Automatic Identification System (AIS), mandatory navigational equipment, as an objective and efficient tool among several verification methods. Calculating fuel consumption using a ship’s speed in AIS information based on the theory of a relationship between ship speed and fuel consumption was reported in several examples of relevant literature. After pre-filtering by excluding AIS records which had speed errors from the raw data of five domestic cargo vessels, fuel consumptions calculated using Excel software were compared to actual bunker consumptions presented by ship companies. The former consumptions ranged from 96 to 123 percent of the actual bunker consumptions. The difference between two consumptions could be narrowed to within 20 percent if the fuel consumptions for boilers were deducted from the actual bunker consumption. Although further study should be carried out for more accurate calculation methods depending on the burning efficiency of the engine, the propulsion efficiency of the ship, displacement and sea conditions, this method of calculating annual fuel consumption according to the difference between two consumptions is considered to be one of the most useful tools to verify bunker consumption.
Thermoset Elastomers Derived from Carvomenthide
Yang, Jinyoung,Lee, Sangjun,Choi, Woo Jin,Seo, Howon,Kim, Pilhan,Kim, Geon-Joong,Kim, Young-Wun,Shin, Jihoon American Chemical Society 2015 Biomacromolecules Vol.16 No.1
<P>Renewable thermoset elastomers were prepared using the plant-based monomer carvomenthide. Controlled ring-opening transesterification polymerization of carvomenthide using diethylene glycol as an initiator gave <I>α</I>,<I>ω</I>-dihydroxyl poly(carvomenthide) (HO-PCM-OH), which was subsequently converted to carboxy-telechelic poly(carvomenthide) (HOOC-PCM-COOH) by esterification with excess succinic anhydride through a one-pot, two-step process, leading to no crystallinity, high viscosity, strong thermal resistance, and low glass transition temperature of the resulting functionalized polyester. Thermal curing processes of the resulting 3, 6, and 12 kg mol<SUP>–1</SUP> prepolymers were achieved with trifunctional aziridine to give cross-linked PCM elastomers. The thermal properties, mechanical behavior, and biocompatibility of the rubbery thermoset products were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile tests under static and cyclic loads, and cell adherence. These new materials are useful candidates to satisfy the design objective for the engineering of a variety of soft tissues.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/bomaf6/2015/bomaf6.2015.16.issue-1/bm501450c/production/images/medium/bm-2014-01450c_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/bm501450c'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Yang Jinyoung,Hyeon Seokhwan,Baek Jin Yang,Kang Min Seo,Lee Keon Young,Lee Young Ho,Huh Kyungmin,Cho Sun Young,Kang Cheol-In,Chung Doo Ryeon,Peck Kyong Ran,Won Gunho,Lee Hye Won,Kim Kwangwook,Hwang In 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.27
Tixagevimab/cilgavimab is a monoclonal antibody used to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 among immunocompromised hosts and maintained neutralizing activity against early omicron variants. Omicron BN.1 became a dominant circulating strain in Korea early 2023, but its susceptibility to tixagevimab/cilgavimab is unclear. We conducted plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) against BN.1 in a prospective cohort (14 patients and 30 specimens). BN.1 PRNT was conducted for one- and three-months after tixagevimab/ cilgavimab administration and the average PRNT ND50 of each point was lower than the positive cut-off value of 20 (12.9 ± 4.5 and 13.2 ± 4.2, respectively, P = 0.825). In the paired analyses, tixagevimab/cilgavimab-administered sera could not actively neutralize BN.1 (PRNT ND50 11.5 ± 2.9, P = 0.001), compared with the reserved activity against BA.5 (ND50 310.5 ± 180.4). Unlike virus-like particle assay, tixagevimab/cilgavimab was not active against BN.1 in neutralizing assay, and would not be effective in the present predominance of BA.2.75 sublineages.
Independence test of a continuous random variable and a discrete random variable
Yang, Jinyoung,Kim, Mijeong The Korean Statistical Society 2020 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.27 No.3
In many cases, we are interested in identifying independence between variables. For continuous random variables, correlation coefficients are often used to describe the relationship between variables; however, correlation does not imply independence. For finite discrete random variables, we can use the Pearson chi-square test to find independency. For the mixed type of continuous and discrete random variables, we do not have a general type of independent test. In this study, we develop a independence test of a continuous random variable and a discrete random variable without assuming a specific distribution using kernel density estimation. We provide some statistical criteria to test independence under some special settings and apply the proposed independence test to Pima Indian diabetes data. Through simulations, we calculate false positive rates and true positive rates to compare the proposed test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.
A Study on the Verification Method of Ships' Fuel Oil Consumption by using AIS
Yang, Jinyoung The Korean Society of Marine Environment and safet 2019 海洋環境安全學會誌 Vol.25 No.3
Since 2020, according to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) amended in 2016, each Administration shall transfer the annual fuel consumption of its registered ships of 5,000 gross tonnage and above to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) after verifying them. The Administration needs stacks of materials, which must not be manipulated by ship companies, including the Engine log book and also bears an administrative burden to verify them by May every year. This study considers using the Automatic Identification System (AIS), mandatory navigational equipment, as an objective and efficient tool among several verification methods. Calculating fuel consumption using a ship's speed in AIS information based on the theory of a relationship between ship speed and fuel consumption was reported in several examples of relevant literature. After pre-filtering by excluding AIS records which had speed errors from the raw data of five domestic cargo vessels, fuel consumptions calculated using Excel software were compared to actual bunker consumptions presented by ship companies. The former consumptions ranged from 96 to 123 percent of the actual bunker consumptions. The difference between two consumptions could be narrowed to within 20 percent if the fuel consumptions for boilers were deducted from the actual bunker consumption. Although further study should be carried out for more accurate calculation methods depending on the burning efficiency of the engine, the propulsion efficiency of the ship, displacement and sea conditions, this method of calculating annual fuel consumption according to the difference between two consumptions is considered to be one of the most useful tools to verify bunker consumption.
하이브리드 자동차 고전압 배터리 충, 방전을 위한 49kW급 고효율 양방향 DC/DC 컨버터 설계
양진영(Jinyoung Yang),윤창우(ChangWoo Yoon),박성식(SungSik Park),최세완(Sewan Choi),박래관(RaeKwan Park),장서건(Seogeon Chang) 전력전자학회 2007 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
In this paper a high efficiency bi-directional DC-DC conv erter for hybrid vehicles is proposed. The proposed converter a three-phase half-bridge interleaved ZVS converter, is desi gned to have high efficiency in the main operation range. The component ratings are calculated, the actual devices are selected, and the efficiency analysis has been performed to determine optimal ZVS range. The input and output current ripples are significantly reduced due to the interleaved opera tion. The dual loop control for the interleaved three-phase converter is also presented. To confirm the proposed convert ter, The simulation and experimental results are presented.
영 전압 스위칭 기법을 이용한 무변압기형 고승압 부스트 컨버터
양진영(Jinyoung Yang),최세완(Sewan Choi),남석우(SeokWoo Nam) 전력전자학회 2007 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
절연이 필요하지 않은 응용에서 낮은 전압을 높은 전압으로 승압시키기 위해 무변압기형 고승압 부스트 컨버터가 제안되었다. 이 컨버터는 변압기 없이 6~8배의 실제 승압비를 가지며, 인터리빙 동작으로 입력전류 및 출력전압 리플이 작아지는 장점이 있어 연료전지 응용에 적합하다. 본 논문에서는 기존에 제안된 고승압 무변압기형 부스트 컨버터에 DCM 방식의 영 전압 스위칭을 적용하여 인덕터의 부피를 줄이고 스위치의 턴 온손실과 EMI를 저감하여 고주파의 응용에 적합하도록 하였다. 제안된 컨버터의 영 전압 스위칭의 동작모드 분석을 통해 원리 분석을 행하였으며, 실험 및 기존 컨버터와 효율비교를 통하여 타당성을 검증하였다.