Near-Infrared Spectral Characteristics in Presence of Sun Glint Using CASI-1500 Data in Shallow Waters

( Joo Young Jeon ),( Sun Hwa Kim ),( Chan Su Yang ) 대한원격탐사학회 2015 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

Sun glint correction methods of hyperspectral data that have been developed so far have not considered the various situations and are often adequate for only certain conditions. Also there is an inaccurate assumption that the signal in NIR wavelength is zero. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze the NIR spectral properties of sun glint effect in coastal waters. For the analysis, CASI-1500 airborne hyperspectral data, bathymetry data and in-situ data obtained at coastal area near Sin-Cheon, Jeju Island, South Korea were used. The spectral characteristics of radiance and reflectance at the five NIR wavelengths (744 nm, 758 nm, 772 nm, 786 nm, and 801 nm) are analyzed by using various statistics, spatial and spectral variation of sun-glinted area under conditions of the bottom types of benthos, barren rocks and sand with similar water depth. Through the quantitative analysis, we found that the relation of water depth or bottom type with sun glint is relatively less which is a similar result with the previous studies. However the sun glint are distributed similarly with the patterns of the direction of wave propagation. It is confirmed that the areas with changed direction of wave propagation were not affected by the sun glint. The spatial and spectral variations of radiance and reflectance are mainly caused by the effect of sun glint and waves. The radiance or reflectance of more sun-glinted areas are increased approximately 1.5 times and the standard deviations are also increased three times compared to the less sun glinted areas. Through this study, the further studies of sun glint correction method in coastal water using the patterns of wave propagation and diffraction will be placed.

FC 1-4 : A survey of attitudes, knowledge, and behavior regarding sun exposure and sunscreen use

( Sih Yeok Jang ),( Hyeong Ho Ryu ),( Eun Jung Hwang ),( Hyun Sun Park ),( So Yun Cho ),( Hyun Sun Yoon ) 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.65 No.2

Background: Although sunscreen is used as a primary strategy to prevent sunburn, photoaging and skin cancer, only a few people regularly use sunscreen. Objectives: To investigate the awareness of effects of sunlight, the extent of sun exposure, and the behaviors about sunscreen uses in Korean. Methods: A questionnaire was administered 255 adult patients visited Dermatology Department at Seoul National University Boramae Hospital. It included questions about the awareness of benefit or harm of sunlight, perceived and actual extent of sun exposure, the use of sun-protective methods including sunscreen. Results: Sun exposure was chosen as the major cause of dyschromia (61.2%), skin cancer (62.8%) and wrinkle (28.6%). Respondents were likely to underestimate the extent of sun exposure. On average, quite a few respondents stated that they were exposed to sunlight more than one hour per day (23.1% on weekdays, 53.4% on weekends). But, only 8.7% thought that their sun exposures were problematic and 62.2% of respondents considered moderate sunlight exposure good for health. People`s sun protective behaviors were inadequate: only 30.8% used sunscreen regularly; 18.4% have never used sunscreen. SPF was the most important factor choosing sunscreen and 86.0% used sunscreen labeled SPF over 30. In contrast, only 40.3% used PA+++ sunscreen. Conclusion: Despite a fairly good knowledge about harmful effects of sunlight, people underestimated the risks of their sun exposure and behaviors were suboptimal.

한국인에서 일광노출과 자외선차단제에 대한 인식과 사용 행태 연구

장시혁 ( Si Hyeok Jang ),박현선 ( Hyun Sun Park ),조소연 ( So Yun Cho ),윤현선 ( Hyun Sun Yoon ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회지 Vol.53 No.1

Background: Although sunscreen is used as a primary strategy for the prevention of sunburn, photoaging, and skincancer, few people regularly use sunscreen. Objective: To investigate awareness regarding the effects of sunlight, the extent of sun exposure, and sunscreen usebehaviors in Korean subjects. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 467 adult patients who visited the Dermatology Department at SeoulNational University Boramae Hospital. The questionnaire covered demographic characteristics, causes of wrinkles,sunspots, and skin cancer, awareness of the harmful effects of sun exposure, perceived and actual extent of sunexposure, and the use of sun-protective methods including sunscreen. Results: Sun exposure was selected as the major cause of age spots (60.6%), skin cancer (60.9%), and wrinkles(25.9%). Respondents were likely to underestimate the extent of sun exposure. On average, quite a few respondentsstated that they were exposed to sunlight for more than one hour per day (22.7% on weekdays, 52.4% onweekends). However, only 9.4% of respondents thought that their sun exposure was problematic and 62.7% ofrespondents considered moderate sunlight exposure healthy. Respondents`` sun-protective behaviors were inadequate:only 29.8% used sunscreen regularly, and 16.5% have never used sunscreen. SPF was the most important factor inchoosing sunscreen, and 83.3% used a sunscreen with a labeled SPF over 30. By contrast, only 34.6% ofrespondents used PA+++ sunscreen. Conclusion: Despite fairly good knowledge regarding the harmful effects of sunlight, subjects underestimated therisks of their sun exposure and sun-protective behaviors were suboptimal. Education on the risk of UV exposure andeffects of sunscreen is still needed. (Korean J Dermatol 2015;53(1):16∼22)

이순신 장례과정 연구

홍순승(Hong, Sun-seung) 순천향대학교 이순신연구소 2010 이순신연구논총 Vol.- No.14

이순신은 1598년 11월 19일 노량해전에서 전사한 후 남해 및 고금도에 안치 되었다가 고향인 아산으로 운구되어 다음 해 2월 11일 금성산에 안장되었다. 그리고 15년 뒤인 1614년 현재의 어라산 묘소로 이장되어 오늘에 이르고 있다. 본고는 이순신의 장례 과정을 운구 과정, 초장 과정, 이장 과정, 묘소 관리로 나누어 살펴보았다. 이순신의 전사 직후 그의 유해는 관음포와 노량포구를 거쳐 통제영이 있던 고금도로 옮겨졌다. 그 후 역로를 따라 아산으로 운구 되었다. 초장은 전후의 혼란 속에서도 거국적인 애도 분위기 속에 예관, 사제문, 부의 및유가족 은전 등을 포함한 예장으로 행해졌다.이장은 이순신 사후 평가의 진전에 따라 상향된 위상에 맞는 새로운 장의 요구 , 풍수지리설의 유행, 선조의 현양을 통한 가문의 과시, 공신들의 이장 성행 등을 배경으로 파악했다. 현재의 어라산 묘소는 이장시 묘역 확장 및 다양한 석물이 배설되었고. 그 후제3공화국 시절 대대적인 수보가 있었다. 결론적으로 이순신의 초장 및 이장, 묘소 관리는 각각 당대의 역사적 평가를 반영한 가운데 이루어졌다. After Admiral Lee Sun-Sin died in No-Ryang Naval Battle on November 19, 1598 and he was temporarily buried in Nam-Hae Island, Go-Geum Island, whose coffin was carried to be laid to rest in his hometown Asan, and in turn was permanently laid to rest in Mt. Geum-Sung on the next February 11, 1599. After 15 years, in 1614, his corpse was carried to Mt. Eur-Ra in which the burial site remains to the present time. This article divides his funeral proceedings into four parts: funeral procession, the first burial, moving the corpse to a new place, and the management of the graveyard and the tomb. Upon Admiral Lee Sun-Sin s death, the corpse was carried to Go-Geum Island, the headquarters after passing by Gwanumpo and Norangpogu. Afterwards, the corpse was carried to Asan along the post road. Though the chaos prevailed right after the war, the first burial and funeral was involved in the nationwide sorrowful mood, with the dispatched condolence delegations, ancestor worship, memorial, and condolence money and goods, the solemn funeral with majesty, and the special grace for the bereaved. The reason to move the tomb into a new place was that Admiral Lee Sun-Sin won a reputation for his great achievements after his death. Therefore, he had grown in stature, which was conducive to bring honor to his family and the prevalence of meritorious retainer ancestors tombs to a new place, and Chinese geomantic principles. The current graveyard of Admiral Lee Sun-Sin in Eu-Ra Mountain features extension of the area and establishment of stone figures by his descendants. In the third period of the Republic, the graveyard of Lee Sun-Shin was as good as that of the Royal Family s. Admiral Lee Sun-Sin s the first burial and movement of the burial site into a new place and the maintenance of the graveyard, like all the other Royal Family s counterparts, establish an outstanding historical reputation of him at the time.

Comparison of Melanoma Subtypes among Korean Patients by Morphologic Features and Ultraviolet Exposure

( Hong Sun Jang ),( Jee Hung Kim ),( Kyu Hyun Park ),( Jae Seok Lee ),( Jung Min Bae ),( Byung Ho Oh ),( Sun Young Rha ),( Mi Ryung Roh ),( Kee Yang Chung ) 대한피부과학회 2014 Annals of Dermatology Vol.26 No.4

Background: Genetic alterations have been identified in melanomas according to different levels of sun exposure. Whereas the conventional morphology-based classification provides a clue for tumor growth and prognosis, the new classification by genetic alterations offers a basis for targeted therapy. Objective: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the biological behavior of melanoma subtypes and compare the two classifications in the Korean population. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients found to have malignant melanoma in Severance Hospital from 2005 to 2012. Age, sex, location of the tumor, histologic subtype, tumor depth, ulceration, lymph node invasion, visceral organ metastasis, and overall survival were evaluated. Results: Of the 206 cases, the most common type was acral melanoma (n=94, 45.6%), followed by nonchronic sun damage-induced melanoma (n=43, 20.9%), and mucosal melanoma (n=40, 19.4%). Twenty-one patients (10.2%) had the chronic sun-damaged type, whereas eight patients (3.9%) had tumors of unknown primary origin. Lentigo maligna melanoma was newly classified as the chronic sun-damaged type, and acral lentiginous melanoma as the acral type. More than half of the superficial spreading melanomas were newly grouped as nonchronic sun-damaged melanomas, whereas nodular melanoma was rather evenly distributed. Conclusion: The distribution of melanomas was largely similar in both the morphology-based and sun exposure-based classifications, and in both classifications, mucosal melanoma had the worst 5-year survival owing to its tumor thickness and advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. (Ann Dermatol 26(4) 485~490, 2014)

황순원 소설의 상징에 나타난 생태학적 관점

최선영(Choi, Sun-young) 문학과환경학회 2015 문학과 환경 Vol.14 No.3

Novel named “Trees standing on the slope” was written by novelist Hwang Sun-won after the 1960s that belonged to latter half period of Hwang"s novel works. Before the 1960s, Hwang"s novel works described fragments of human world that expressed not only conciliation but also warm humanity, while after the 1960s, his works reflected realities of the society to investigate the society deeply. However, evaluation and rhetoric of his works came from his works at initial times. However, the novel works made change at quality level to a certain degree considering geopolitical factors more than Hwang Sun-won"s works in previous times did. Novel of “Trees standing on the slope” that belonged to novel of latter half period of Hwang Sun-won had different characters and symbols than those of other novels of Hwang had. This study criticized analysis upon characters focused on humanism to find out values from various kinds of points and to interpret Hwang"s point of view of the world at “Trees standing on the slope”. Sukee"s path could be interpreted to be motherhood of reconciliation and embracement from point of view of humanism that Hwang Sun-won adhered to. Such a thought could be criticism in the 1950s that was abstract and absolute humanism. And, mythified violence of motherhood was thought to be reinforced. In this study, ‘pruning’ of Chapter II interpreted value of dualism to investigate Sukee and her pregnancy from point of view of not common value but multiple values. Men could get new fruit after pruning of trees or could not. Suggestion of possibility of fruit was not thought to give optimistic prospect. On the contrary, focus on pruning was likely to finish end. Of course, the novelist gave an alternative for not only destruction but also construction in his novel work that could not be practical way of before and after realities. Value of individuals could not be judged from point of view of humanism behavior to overcome cruelty of war experience and to recover humanism. The ideology of humanism for affirmative and optimistic future of pains of post-war generation in the history was rather abstract and ideological. Hwang Sun-won deeply investigated by symbols and characters. For instance, an woman named Sukee was thought to be new character who overcame the limitation to be made by the novelist. The study investigated the work carefully to have viewpoint of current times. Study on Hwang Sun-won"s novel was not rescue of completed world but cognition on new realities with possibility of incompleteness to create characters and to interpret in various ways.

연안해역 모니터링을 위한 초분광영상 처리기법 현황

김선화 ( Sun Hwa Kim ),양찬수 ( Chan Su Yang ) 한국지리정보학회 2015 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.18 No.1

본 연구에서는 초분광영상의 국내 연안 활용 범위 확대 및 정확성 향상을 위해, 국외 연안지역에 대한 항공기 및 위성 탑재 초분광영상의 다양한 처리 기법을 소개한다. 육상과 달리, 가시광선 영역에서 미세한 반사율을 보이는 해양의 경우 보다 정밀한 대기보정이 요구된다. 이와 함께, 태양-해수면-센서의 기하학적 특징으로 나타나는 태양광 정반사(sun-glint)와 같은 이상 현상을 제거하기 위한 다양한 기법도 개발되어 왔다. 대기 및 정반사 보정된 초분광영상은 연안지역의 수심추정과 산호와 같은 저서 생물 및 해저면 종류 분류, 저서 생물 상태 모니터링에 활용되는데, 주로 복사전달모델과 분광라이브러리에 기반을 둔 반분석적 기법을 사용한다. 이는 초분광영상의 많은 분광 정보를 활용하는 방법으로, 실험적 모델을 적용하는 다중분광자료에 비해 상대적으로 정확도가 높다. 광학영상의 해양활용에서 있어 수심 및 수질은 매우 중요한 제약점으로, 특히 복사전달모델에 기반을 둔 분석에 따르면 초분광영상은 최대 25m까지 수심측정이나 해저면 분류가 가능하다고 하나, 실제 많은 연구에서 항공기 및 위성 탑재 초분광영상은 수심 10m 이내의 연안지역에서 활용되고 있다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 바탕으로 국내 연안지역의 초분광영상자료의 정확하고 정량적인 연안 활용을 위해서는 최대 탐지 가능한 수심 및 수질조건 등에 대한 분석이 필요하다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 국내 연안지역에 대해 분류 가능한 저서 생물과 해저면의 분류 및 분광라이 브러리 구축의 필요성을 제시하였다. In this study, we introduce various hyperspectral data processing techniques for the monitoring of shallow and coastal waters to enlarge the application range and to improve the accuracy of the end results in Korea. Unlike land, more accurate atmospheric correction is needed in coastal region showing relatively low reflectance in visible wavelengths. Sun-glint which occurs due to a geometry of sun-sea surface-sensor is another issue for the data processing in the ocean application of hyperspectal imagery. After the preprocessing of the hyperspectral data, a semi-analytical algorithm based on a radiative transfer model and a spectral library can be used for bathymetry mapping in coastal area, type classification and status monitoring of benthos or substrate classification. In general, semi-analytical algorithms using spectral information obtained from hyperspectral imagey shows higher accuracy than an empirical method using multispectral data. The water depth and quality are constraint factors in the ocean application of optical data. Although a radiative transfer model suggests the theoretical limit of about 25m in depth for bathymetry and bottom classification, hyperspectral data have been used practically at depths of up to 10 m in shallow and coastal waters. It means we have to focus on the maximum depth of water and water quality conditions that affect the coastal applicability of hyperspectral data, and to define the spectral library of coastal waters to classify the types of benthos and substrates.

건조방법에 따른 아로니아(Aronia melancocarpa) 열수 추출물의 항산화 성분 함량 및 항산화 활성

황은선(Eun-Sun Hwang),뉴안 도티(Nhuan Do Thi) 한국식품과학회 2014 한국식품과학회지 Vol.46 No.3

아로니아 열수추출물 분말을 제조하여 가공식품에 적용하기 위한 방법을 모색하기 위하여 다양한 건조방법이 아로니아의 항산화 성분 함량 및 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 신선한 아로니아를 일광건조, 스팀 후 일광건조, 동결건조 및 오븐건조의 방법으로 완전히 건조시킨 후 분말로 제조하여 100℃에서 6시간 동안 3회 반복 열수 추출하여 총 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드 및 안토시아닌 함량을 분석하였다. 아로니아의 총 폴리페놀 함량(mg gallic acid/g 기준)은 동결건조한 시료에서 가장 높았으며, 스팀 후 일광건조 >일광건조 >및 오븐건조의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 아로니아의 총 플라보노이드 함량은 quercetin을 기준으로 동결건조한 시료에서 가장 높았으며, 스팀 후 일광건조 >일광건조 >오븐건조의 순으로 나타났다. 아로니아에 함유된 총 안토시아닌 함량은 cyanidin-3-glucoside를 기준으로 동결건조 >일광건조 >스팀 후 일광건조 >오븐건조의 순으로 나타났다. 아로니아 열수 추출물의 항산화 활성은 DPPH 라디칼 소거능, ABTS 라디칼 소거능, hydroxyl 라디칼 소거능, superoxide anion 라디칼 소거능 및 환원력의 5가지 방법으로 측정하였다. 4가지 건조방법 중에서 동결건조 시료에서 항산화 활성이 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 오븐 건조한 시료에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 통하여 건조방법이 아로니아의 항산화 성분 함량과 항산화 활성에 영향을 주며 고온의 건조방법보다는 저온의 동결건조 방법이 아로니아의 유효성분 함량과 항산화 활성을 증대시키기 위한 최적의 방법으로 사료된다. This study determined the antioxidant levels and activities of hot water aronia extracts by different drying methods such as sun drying, sun drying after steam treatment, freeze-drying, and oven drying. The total polyphenol content, calculated as gallic acid equivalent, was the highest in the freeze-dried sample (910 mg), followed by sun-dried after steam treatment (779 mg), sun-dried (769 mg), and oven-dried (757 mg) samples. Similar patterns were observed for the total flavonoid and anthocyanin contents. Freeze-dried aronia samples contained the highest polyphenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents as compared to the samples dried by other methods. All antioxidant activities were found to increase in a dose-dependent manner. For the hot water-extracted freeze-dried aronia powder (200 mg/mL), the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radicalscavenging activities were 65.5% and 61.7% and the hydroxyl and superoxide anion radical-scavenging activities were 50.5% and 52.1%, respectively. These results suggest that comparatively, freeze-drying is a better method for preserving the bioactive components and the antioxidant activities of aronia.

A survey of knowledge and behavior regarding skin cancer.

( Young Bin Shin ),( Jeong Won Jo ),( Hae Bong Jeong ),( Yun Sun Moon ),( Do Seon Jeong ),( Chi Yeon Kim ),( Tae Jin Yoon ) 대한피부과학회 2017 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.69 No.2

Background: The recognition of prevention and early detection of skin cancer has been increased more than before. Although skin cancer is not rare, most patients are little known about general awareness of skin cancer. Objectives: In this study, we survey the awareness and knowledge of skin cancer and sun protection behavior among South-Gyeongnam province. Methods: We reviewed a written questionnaire and patients’ self-checked records including patients’ basic medical information and knowledge of skin cancer protective modalities. Results: In total 284 subjects (94.7%(284/300), 67%(190/284) females, mean age 57.4 years) completed the survey. Most people (77.5%, 220/284) knew that the sun was most dangerous for their skin but relatively large portion of them (42.7%, 94/220) had no action to protective attitude like sun screen, large hat and gloves. Conclusion: The results show that many participants had known necessity of skin cancer prevention and importance of early detection, but didn’t have had any protective action. Therefore, a more effective skin cancer education and prevention program is needed. We suggest that the measurement of effects of a multimodal educational intervention on knowledge of sun protection practices and engagement in self sun-protection behaviors also need to be check.

사상과 역사 : 한국 고대 사유와 수운최제우(水雲崔濟愚)에서 인간관의 문제

황경선 ( Gyeong Sun Hwang ) 영산대학교 동양문화연구원 2014 동양문화연구 Vol.19 No.-

이글은 한국 고대 사유의 인간관이 수운 최제우에게서 얼마만큼 재현되는지 밝히고자 하는 것이다. 이것은 곧 시대를 뛰어넘어 둘 사이에 공유되고 있는 것을 찾는 시도이기도 하다. 단군신화와 이른바 선도류 문 헌들을 중심으로 살펴 본 고대 인간관에서 이상적 인간됨은 하느님을 섬기는 가운데 조화와 장생의 삶, 즉 선仙을 성취하는 데 있는 것으로 밝혀진다. 신을 무형의 실재인 기氣[三神, 至氣]와 인격신[天神, 天主, 上帝]의 일체로 이해하는 고대 신관에 따라 신에 대한 인간의 응대는 다음과 같이 드러난다. 인간은 신으로부터 품부된 제 본성을 되찾아 우주의 신령한 기운과 하나 되는 가운데 인격적 최상의 신을 섬긴다. 또한 인간 완성의 길에는 천명天命으로 주어진, 홍익인간의 과업을 완수하는 것이 따른다. 한국 고대에서 이상적 혹은 본래적 인간됨은 하느님 신앙과 성통性通과 공완功完의 전일적 조화로부터 성취되는 것이다. 1860년 하늘의 도를 얻어 동학을 연 수운에게서 그러한 인간관이 새롭게 반복된다. 그의 삶과 가르침, 무엇보다도 동학의 요체인 시천주 주문에 대한 그의 풀이를 통해 그 같은 사실을 확인하게 된다. This study attempts to find out how much of the view of human being in the korean ancient thoughts is reflected on that of Su-Un Choi-jae-Woo. At the same time, this study tries to discover what is common between them. The ideal beingness as a human, in the Korean ancient thought, is considered as achieving Sun(仙), a life of creation and transformation[造化] and longevity[長生], while serving God. We can find this in the myth of Dan-Gun and the literatures of the Korean Sun-Do(仙道). The Korean ancient thought understands God as Gi(氣) [三神, 至氣], which is an intangible being, and as having a personality[天神, 天主, 上帝]. According to this thought, the man``s response to God is as follows. The man recovers his nature, which was given by God, harmonizes with cosmic divine energy, and serves God of the best personality. And to complete the task of Hong-Ik-In-Gan(弘益人間) is an important part of being the ideal human being. In the Korean ancient, the ideal and the original beingness of a human being was to be made from the recovery of human nature[性通] and the completion of heavenly task[功完]. How much the view of Su-Un inherits the ancient view will be decided by how many of the aforementioned factors remain in his theory. Tracing back his life and teachings, the main theme of his Do(道) is as follows. Both I and my neighbors recover ``Shi(侍)``, the original nature, following the Heaven. And we harmonize with Ji-Gi(至氣), and pursues Sun, by serving the Lord of Heaven. Here we can clearly see that the Korean ancient view is repeated in the thought of Su-Un.