二十世紀八十年代以來中国關於唐代城市住 宅研究之述論

裴璇(배선,Pei Xuan) 경북대학교 아시아연구소 2009 아시아연구 Vol.- No.4

주택은 사람들의 사회생활에 주요한 것 중 하나이며, 도시생활에서 필수불가결한 부분이기에, 도시의 주택문제는 중국 도시사 연구에 있어 중요한 위치에 있다고 할 수 있다. 당대는 중국역사상 중요한 변혁의 단계로, 당대 도시의 발전변화는 당송변혁의 중요한 내용 중 하나이다. 도시의 주택은 이 시기 매우 큰 변화가 발생하였는데, 이번의 연구를 통하여 당대 사회의 모습을 알 수 있으며, 더욱 깊이 있게 당대의 도시 변혁을 이해할 수 있을 것이다. 당대의 도시주택은 중국의 도시 주택의 발전 과정 중에서 매우 중요한 작용을 하였는데 이러한 당대의 도시 주택에 대한 인식하는 것은 중국 고대의 도시 주택의 발전과 변화를 이해하는데 도움을 줄 것이다. 20세기 80년대이래, 당대의 도시 주택의 문제는 중국학자의 관심을 불러 일으켰다. 학자들은 사료를 이용하고, 문서와 고고자료를 결합시켜 깊이 있는 연구를 실시하였다. 초기에, 학자들은 도시 주택의 기원, 면적, 규모와 분포 등의 문제를 연구, 탐구하였으며, 연구는 경제영역과 주택의 조임과 매매 등의 문제를 중심으로 이루어져 왔다. 근래에 학자들은 새로운 연구 영역에 눈길을 돌리기 시작하여, 더욱 깊이 있는 연구를 하여 도시 주택과 사회정치, 문화 사이의 연계를 찾아내었고, 도시 주택에서부터 시작하여 당대의 정치사와 관련한 문제에 대한 연구를 실시한 것은 매우 참신하고 긍정적이라 할 수 있다. 비록 학계에서 이미 적지 않은 성과를 얻었다고 하더라도, 여전히 부족한 부분이 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 현재 연구의 많은 부분이 도성인 장안에 집중되어있으며 지방에 있는 도시에 대해서는 비교적 적은 관심을 가지고, 잘 언급을 하지 않았기에 그 연구는 상대적으로 부족하다. 그 이외에도, 당대에 도시 주택에 대한 연구는 부족하다 할 수 있으며 전문서 또한 비교적 적다고 할 수 있다. 본문은 최근 30년간 중국학계의 연구 성과를 정리하여 이제까지의 연구 성과를 분석하였으며 나아가 당대의 도시 주택의 연구에 있어 깊이를 더하였다. The residence is an integral part of the city life, so the city residential issues play an important role in the study on the history of Chinese cities. The Tang Dynasty in Chinese history is an important stage of reforming, and then the urban residences in the Tang Dynasty have taken place great changes. Through the city’s residential research of the Tang Dynasty, it will contribute to a deeper understanding of the social situation of the Tang Dynasty and the ancient Chinese city of residential development. Since the 1980s,some scholars in China have studied the residential issues in Tang Dynasty. They mainly focused on the area,size and distribution of the residences and the sources to get houses,taxes,cultural and political issues related to residence,etc. Until now they have achieved many reasonable results. But a majority of those researches have been concentrated on Chang’an,the capitals of the Tang Dynasty. By contrast,cities of medium or small size seldom caught their eyes somehow. In addition, the comprehensive study of the city residential issues in Tang Dynast is not enough, the books about which is a few. This paper introduce the researches of the Chinese scholars for the past 30 years ,and analyze the achievements and shortcomings of these researches, which will promote the further study of the Tang Dynasty city’s residential.

Synthesis of 3'-C-Hydroxymethyl-substituted Pyrimidine and Purine Nucleosides as Potential Anti-Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Agents

Pei, Xiaojuan,Choi, Won-Jun,Kim, Yu-Min,Zhao, Long Xuan,Jeong, Lak-Shin 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.7

On the basis of potent anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity of 2'-C-hydroxymethyladenosine, 3'-C-hydroxymethyl-substituted pyrimidine and purine nucleosides as potential anti-HCV agents were designed and synthesized from D-xylose via stereoselective Grignard reaction and conversion of the vinyl into hydroxymethyl group as key steps.

Synthesis of 3'-C-Hydroxymethyl-substituted Pyrimidine and Purine Nucleosides as Potential Anti-Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Agents

Xiaojuan Pei,최원준,김유민,Long Xuan Zhao,정낙신 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.7

On the basis of potent anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity of 2'-C-hydroxymethyladenosine, 3'- C-hydroxymethyl-substituted pyrimidine and purine nucleosides as potential anti-HCV agents were designed and synthesized from D-xylose via stereoselective Grignard reaction and conversion of the vinyl into hydroxymethyl group as key steps.

Anti-tumor Activity and Apoptosis-regulation Mechanisms of Bufalin in Various Cancers: New Hope for Cancer Patients

Yin, Pei-Hao,Liu, Xuan,Qiu, Yan-Yan,Cai, Jian-Feng,Qin, Jian-Min,Zhu, Hui-Rong,Li, Qi Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.11

The induction of apoptosis in target cells is a key mechanism for most anti-tumor therapies. Bufalin is a cardiotonic steroid that has the potential to induce differentiation and apoptosis of tumor cells. Research on bufalin has so far mainly involved leukemia, prostate cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer, and has been confined to in vitro studies. The bufadienolides bufalin and cinobufagin have been shown to induce apoptosis in a wide spectrum of cancer cell. The present article reviews the anticancer effects of bufalin. It induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells via the PI3K/Akt pathway and also suppressed the proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cell line in a time and dose dependent manner. Bufalin, bufotalin and gamabufotalin, key bufadienolides, significantly sensitize human breast cancer cells with differing ER-alpha status to apoptosis induction by the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). In addition, bufadienolides induce prostate cancer cell apoptosis more significantly than that in breast epithelial cell lines. Similar effects have been observed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but the detailed molecular mechanisms of inducing apoptosis in this case are still unclear. Bufalin exerts profound effects on leukemia therapy in vitro. Results of multiple studies indicate that bufalin has marked anti-tumor activities through its ability to induce apoptosis. Large-scale randomized, double-blind, placebo or positive drug parallel controlled studies are now required to confirm the efficacy and apoptosis-inducing potential of bufalin in various cancers in the cliniucal setting.

中国环境犯罪适用中存在的问题及对策 -基于2015-2018中国环境犯罪裁判文书统计分析-

玄松鹤 ( Songhe Xuan ),裴宁 ( Ning Pei ) (사)아시아문화학술원 2018 인문사회 21 Vol.9 No.6

环境问题是世界关注的热门话题。中国在几次刑法的修改中对环境犯罪的相关条文进行大幅度修改。为此, 有利于社会发展需求与控制环境犯罪的需要。本文从中国环境犯罪的适用现状出发, 以裁判文书中环境犯罪统计数据为基础, 考察近年来环境犯罪案件的走势以及定罪量刑的特征。从而分析出在司法实务中, 中国环境犯罪案件频发, 量刑普遍较轻;行政处罚与刑事处罚没有紧密衔接;附带民事公益诉讼较少等问题, 提出中国对环境犯罪问题处理中应提高入刑标准, 降低严重情节的标准;明确刑法与行政处罚的界限;刑事附带民事公益诉讼普遍适用于环境犯罪的审理中;建立环境犯罪处罚事后监督机制等对策。这说明, 环境安全才是最真切的社会公共安全, 才是社会赖以发展的根基。然而, 现状是仍有较多不法分子铤而走险, “黑心”工厂、肆意排污现象屡禁不止, 对环境而言无疑是毁灭性的。本文立足于中国环境犯罪案件频发的现状, 剖析其在司法实务中所存在的问题, 并提出相应对策, 旨在为司法机关能够更加及时与有效地打击环境犯罪行为提供可行性建议, 从而降低犯罪率, 在根本上捍卫环境安全。 The reinforcement of penal clauses in environmental law has become universal trend within environmental legal policy under the condition of risk society. Concept of environmental criminal law that explains how criminal law intervenes in the earlier stages of an action, before its illegality becomes apparent, to prevent illegal results. In ordinary criminal procedure, the criminality of an act is decided upon either at the moment of infringement or when there is a clear and present danger of infringement. It then examines the features of current environmental criminal law that betrays the main principles of modern criminal justice, and criticizes the defects in efficiency of its enforcement. There is a need to be protected from new types of legal interest infringements, and the criminal law should not be narrowed down by the idea of being a last resort.

Growth and Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline/Microcrystalline DiamondMultilayer Films

Jin-Long Luo,Xuan-Tong Ying,Liang-Yao Chen,Pei-Nan Wang 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.46 No.2

Nanocrystalline/microcrystalline diamond (NCD/MCD) multilayer film with high sp3 bonded carbon concentration and smooth surface has been successfully deposited on silicon substrate. Optimized deposition parameters based on substrate temperature modulation were adopted to grow the NCD/MCD film. The nanocrystallinity, purity and the multilayer structure were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The smoothness of the film surface was shown by surface profile measurements and further verified by its high optical transmittance from visible to infrared band. Therefore, this newly proposed NCD/MCD multilayer film would have a variety of optical applications.

Wnt/β-Catenin Promotes the Osteoblastic Potential of BMP9 Through Down-Regulating Cyp26b1 in Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Yao Xin-Tong,Li Pei-pei,Liu Jiang,Yang Yuan-Yuan,Luo Zhen-Ling,Jiang Hai-Tao,He Wen-Ge,Luo Hong-Hong,Deng Yi-Xuan,He Bai-Cheng 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2023 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.20 No.5

BACKGROUND: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) promotes the osteogenic differentiation induced by bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), but the intrinsic relationship between BMP9 and ATRA keeps unknown. Herein, we investigated the effect of Cyp26b1, a critical enzyme of ATRA degradation, on the BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and unveiled possible mechanism through which BMP9 regulates the expression of Cyp26b1. METHODS: ATRA content was detected with ELISA and HPLC–MS/MS. PCR, Western blot, and histochemical staining were used to assay the osteogenic markers. Fetal limbs culture, cranial defect repair model, and micro–computed tomographic were used to evaluate the quality of bone formation. IP and ChIP assay were used to explore possible mechanism. RESULTS: We found that the protein level of Cyp26b1 was increased with age, whereas the ATRA content decreased. The osteogenic markers induced by BMP9 were increased by inhibiting or silencing Cyp26b1 but reduced by exogenous Cyp26b1. The BMP9-induced bone formation was enhanced by inhibiting Cyp26b1. The cranial defect repair was promoted by BMP9, which was strengthened by silencing Cyp26b1 and reduced by exogenous Cyp26b1. Mechanically, Cyp26b1 was reduced by BMP9, which was enhanced by activating Wnt/b-catenin, and reduced by inhibiting this pathway. b-catenin interacts with Smad1/5/9, and both were recruited at the promoter of Cyp26b1. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested the BMP9-induced osteoblastic differentiation was mediated by activating retinoic acid signalling, viadown-regulating Cyp26b1. Meanwhile, Cyp26b1 may be a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of bone-related diseases or accelerating bone-tissue engineering.

Mutational analysis of KRAS and its clinical implications in cervical cancer patients

Wei Jiang,Libing Xiang,Xuan Pei,Tiancong He,Xuxia Shen,Xiaohua Wu,Huijuan Yang 대한부인종양학회 2018 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.29 No.1

Objective: The predictive and prognostic role of KRAS mutations in cervical cancer remainsinconclusive. The aim of this study was to explore the clinicopathological and prognosticrelevance of KRAS mutations in invasive cervical cancers (ICC). Methods: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencingwere employed to detect KRAS mutations in 876 ICC patients. Quantitative real-time PCR wasused to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and HPV 18. Results: Non-synonymous mutations of KRAS were identified in 30 (3.4%) patients. Thesemutations were more common in non-squamous cell carcinoma than in squamous cellcarcinoma (SCC) (8.2% vs. 2.2%, respectively, p<0.001) and were associated with HPV 18infection (p=0.003). The prevalence of mutations was highest (18.2%) in the uncommonhistological subtypes followed by adenocarcinoma (AC, 7.3%) and adenosquamouscarcinoma (ASC, 5.8%). During the median follow-up of 55 months, compared to patientswith wild-type KRAS, a greater percentage of patients with mutant KRAS relapsed (20.0%vs. 42.9%, respectively, p=0.007). The 3-year relapse-free survival was poorer in patientswith mutant KRAS than in patients without KRAS mutations (57.1% vs. 81.9%, respectively,p=0.001). Furthermore, the multivariate analysis showed that the presence of a KRASmutation was an independent predictor for disease recurrence (hazard ratio [HR]=2.064;95% confidence interval [CI]=1.125–3.787; p=0.019). Conclusion: KRAS mutations were predominant in non-SCCs of the cervix and wereassociated with HPV 18 infection. A combination of KRAS mutation detection andHPV genotyping would be useful in identifying patient with poor prognosis for furtherinterventions.

Field Emission Properties of -C:N Films Deposited on Diamond Substrates

Zong-Yi Qin,Pei-Nan Wang,Hong hen,Xuan-Tong Ying 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.46 No.2

Amorphous carbon-nitride films were grown on the nitridated diamond substrates by pulsed discharge of nitrogen gas by using graphite rods as the electrodes. The deposition parameters were optimized by monitoring the discharge plasma by optical-emission spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that the films were mainly a mixture of sp2 C-N, sp3 C-N and graphite nanocrystallites. Preliminary results show that deposited films have a cold-cathode-emission property. The threshold field for field emission is about 4.0 V/μm. The linear Fowler-Nordheim characteristic reveals that the fieldemission process is based on the tunneling mechanism.

Characteristics of CO₂ Cured Belite-Rich Cement Paste Adding Tissue Paper

Kunal Krishna Das(쿠날 크리쉬나 다스),Pei, Jun Jie(배준걸),Wu, Xuan Ru(오현유),Jang, Jeong Gook(장정국) 한국콘크리트학회 2023 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.35 No.2