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사람 적혈구 조혈인자 DA-3585 의 토끼에 대한 단회 및 4주 반복투여 독성시험
조현(Hyeon Cho),김동환(Dong Hwan Kim),강경구(Kyung Koo Kang),백남기(Nam Gi Baik),김원배(Won Bae Kim) 한국응용약물학회 1998 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.6 No.2
DA-3585, a biosynthetic recombinant human erythropoietin has been developed as a treatment for anemia associated with chronic renal failure in Dong-A pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. This study was carried out to assess its acute and subacute toxicities in rabbits. DA-3585 was intravenously administered to rabbits at dose levels of 6250, 12500 or 25000 IU/kg for single dose toxicity study and at dose levels of 100, 500 or 2500 IU/kg/day for 4-week repeated dose toxicity study. In the acute toxicity study, dose up to 25000 IU/kg had no adverse effect on the behavior or body weight gain. Pathological examinations revealed no abnormal gross lesions related to DA-3585. In the subacute toxicity study, all animals survived until termination of treatment. DA-3585 had no influence on clinical signs, food and water intake or on body weight changes. Hematological examination showed increases in the number of RBC, hemoglobin contents and hematocrit values with a dose dependent manner in the animals treated with DA-3585. Histopathological examination revealed erythroid hyperplasia in the bone marrow and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the liver. The changes detected in the hematological and histopathological examination presumably represent exaggerated pharmacological effects of erythropoietin. The NOAEL (no-observed-adverse-effect-level) of DA-3585 was estimated to be 100 IU/kg/ day under this study condition.
연구보문 : 식물환경 ; 폐가축사체의 농업적 재활용을 위한 가축사체 액상부산물의 액비화 조건 구명
서영진 ( Young Jin Seo ),서동철 ( Dong Cheol Seo ),강세원 ( Se Won Kang ),이상규 ( Sang Gyu Lee ),박주왕 ( Ju Wang Park ),최익원 ( Ik Won Choi ),성환후 ( Hwan Hoo Sung ),강석진 ( Seog Jin Kang ),조주식 ( Ju Sik Cho1 ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회지 Vol.32 No.4
가축사체 액상부산물을 이용하여 액비의 최적조건(미생물, pH, 미생물 주입량)을 조사하였고, 이들 최적 조건하에서 112일간 부숙하여 액비의 품질을 평가하였다. 가축사체 액상 부산물 액비 부숙시 최적 LP 미생물의 주입량은 0.5 mL/100mL이었으며, pH는 7 조건에서 각각 50점으로 완숙판정을 받았다. 최적조건하에서 112일 동안 부숙시킨 액비의 부숙도 는 부숙 후 28일에 50점을 받아 완숙판정을 받았으며, 부숙기 간이 길어짐에 따라 부숙 56일에는 온도가 60℃를 넘어 최고 점인 55점을 받았고, 이후 온도가 조금씩 낮아져 부숙 후 112 일에는 실온조건에 이르렀다. 완숙된 가축사체 액상부산물 액 비의 품질을 평가해본 결과, 최적조건하에서 부숙시킨 액비의 경우에는 T-N, P2O5 및 K2O의 함량이 28일에 가장 높았으며, 시간이 경과함에 따라 약간 감소하는 경향이었다. 또한, 유해성분(As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb 및 Zn)의 함량은 28일, 56일 및 112일 부숙시킨 액비에서 모두 비료공정규격 기 준치에 적합하였다. 이상의 결과를 미루어 볼 때 가축사체 액상부산물을 농업적 재활용을 위한 액비화 조건은 pH 7조건 에서 LP 미생물을 0.5 mL/100 mL 주입한 경우이다. 하지 만 본 연구에서 비교된 가축분뇨 발효액은 공시재료(가축사체)가 상이하여 향후 가축사체를 이용한 액비의 부숙도 기준이 개선되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. BACKGROUND: Globally, concern about emerging infectious diseases of livestock is growing. For the disposal of the animal carcass, it is necessary to recycle the carcass into an agriculturally usable product. The objective of this study was to investigate the composting conditions of liquid by-product obtained from degradation of animal carcass. METHODS AND RESULTS: Optimum conditions of liquid fertilizer were investigated using different microorganisms, pHs, and volumes of microorganisms (Lactobacillus rhamnosus + Pichia deserticola). Based on the results from the optimum conditions, compost maturity and quality of liquid fertilizer were evaluated for 112 days. The compost maturity of liquid fertilizer were higher in the order of LP(Lactobacillus rhamnosus + Pichia deserticola) > BC(Bacillus cereus) > BS (Bacillus subtilis). The optimum condition under different volumes of LP was injection of 0.5 mL/100 mL. The compost maturity under different pHs were higher in the order of pH 7 > 5 ≥ 9 ÷ 11. The liquid by-product at 56 days after composting was completely decomposed. The concentrations of T-N, T-P and K2O in liquid fertilizer at 56 days were 0.94, 0.17 and 3.78%, respectively, and the sum of those concentrations was 4.89%. CONCLUSION(S): Liquid fertilizer of by-product using pig carcass was decomposed with optimum conditions(LP, pH 7, injection of 0.5 mL/100 mL) in 56 days after composting, and was suitable for official standard of commercial fertilizer.
박세호(Se Ho Park),이영해(Young Hae Lee),조동원(Dong Won Cho) 한국SCM학회 2012 한국SCM학회지 Vol.12 No.2
One of the most important reasons in pursuit of supply chain management is to prevent sub-optimization caused by decentralized decision making over the various entities. As supply chain coordination approach to overcome such a setting, contract mechanisms have frequently been used. However, a coordinated supply chain might fail to provide additional profit to one of the players. In result, it is necessary that a contract mechanism is designed to achieve the same profit in a centralized situation (coordination) and to improve the benefit of all the supply chain players (winwin). In this paper, we address supply chain contract based on revenue sharing and quantity discount considering price and service level. We show that the trade parameters among different entities in the supply chain contract can be chosen to achieve coordination and a win-win outcome.
( Sang-Cheol Bae ),( Jin-Hye Cha ),( Jung-Yoon Choe ),( Sung Jae Choi ),( Soo-Kyung Cho ),( Won-Tae Chung ),( Chung-Il Joung ),( Young-Ok Jung ),( Young Mo Kang ),( Dong-Wook Kim ),( Jinseok Kim ),( Y 대한류마티스학회 2018 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.25 No.2
Objective. Productivity loss was compared by 3-stage of disease activity and associations between higher disease activity and high productivity loss were identified. Methods. Data were extracted from Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Patient-reported Outcomes Research, which enrolled 2,000 RA patients (>20-year) on disease-modifying-antirheumatic-drugs (DMARDs) (≥ 6-month) from December 2012 to June 2013. This included 1,457 RA patients with the disease activity score (DAS-28-ESR) in their medical charts. Productivity loss in time and indirect cost was estimated using The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). Baseline characteristics and productivity loss outcomes were compared according to DAS-28-ESR groups. Results. 84.4% were females, 54.2% had low DAS-28-ESR (<3.2), and 38.2% and 7.6% had moderate (3.2∼5.1) and high DAS-28-ESR (>5.1). Patients with moderate to high DAS-28-ESR had higher lost productivity time (LPT) and monthly costs of LPT than those with low DAS-28-ESR (time in hours: 110.0±58.4 vs. 132.4±57.2 vs. 71.5±52.0, p<0.0001; monthly costs of LPT in 1,000 Korean won: 1,097±607 vs. 1,302±554 vs. 741±531, p<0.0001). Multiple regression analyses revealed significant associations with high LPT in high (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=3.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.18∼6.87) and moderate DAS-28-ESR (adjusted OR=1.88, 95% CI: 1.41∼2.52) compared to low DAS-28-ESR. In addition, positive associations with high monthly costs of LPT were observed in high (adjusted OR=3.45, 95% CI: 1.98∼5.99) and moderate DAS-28-ESR (adjusted OR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.43∼2.54) compared to low DAS-28-ESR. Conclusion. Timely therapeutic strategies should be taken into consideration given that the RA patients with moderate to high DAS-28-ESR showed strong associations with high productivity loss for effective management of RA. (J Rheum Dis 2018;25:122-130)
Dong Hwan Kim,Hyun Cho,Byoung Ok Ahn,Won Bae Kim 한국독성학회 1999 Toxicological Research Vol.15 No.3
Primary skin irritation and eye irritation of a new oral combined antibiotic, cefatrizine/clavulantic acid (CFT/CVA, DA-710l), were investigated in albino rabbits. In primary skin irritation study, a single dermal application of CFT/CVA at a dose of 500 mg showed no irritancy on intact skin and very slight erythema and edema on scarified skin (PII=0.46). In eye irritation study, a single intraconjunctival application of 100 mg of CFT/CVA resulted in mild and reversible reactions such as redness and chemosis of conjunctivae, which were disappeared 72 h after the application. The AOI values were 3 and 2.7 for nonirrigation and irrigation, respectively. The present study demonstrates that a single administration of CFT/ CVA to the skin and ocular mucosa is not likely to induce significant local irritation effects.
Cho, Dong Won,Hong, Sung Chul Elsevier 2019 Polymer degradation and stability Vol.161 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Thermal oxidative stabilization (TOS) behaviors of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) (co)polymers with different comonomers, such as itaconic acid (IA), methacrylic acid (MA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), vinyl acetate (VA), and VA/IA mixture, were investigated through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis to quantitatively determine the role of the comonomers. Poly(acrylonitrile-<I>co</I>-MMA) exhibited slow progress of TOS, indicating general radical mediated TOS processes. Facilitated stabilization behaviors of poly(acrylonitrile-<I>co</I>-IA) (PAIA) and poly(acrylonitrile-<I>co</I>-MA) (PAMA) were observed, indicating additional ionic initiating activity of the comonomer carboxylic units. Poly(acrylonitrile-<I>co</I>-VA) exhibited a certain induction period, followed by an accelerated TOS in the later stage, indicating effective <I>in situ</I> generation of acetic acid through the degradation of vinyl acetate units during the TOS. Interestingly, the PAN-based terpolymer containing both VA and IA exhibited not only the most efficient but also the fastest progress of cyclization among the (co)polymers. The results demonstrated a synergistic combination of VA and IA in terms of TOS characteristics, likely stemming from the cascade initiation activity of the carboxylic acid groups from IA and VA. The results suggested the importance of the type and combination of comonomers as a crucial factor to control the TOS processes, providing technical information to design an optimum precursor for better carbon materials.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> TOS behaviors of PAN (co)polymers for carbon materials are investigated. </LI> <LI> FT-IR is employed to quantitatively track the structural evolution of the precursors. </LI> <LI> Itaconic acid (IA) and methacrylic acid facilitate stabilization by ionic initiation. </LI> <LI> Vinyl acetate (VA) accelerates TOS, indicating <I>in situ</I> generation of acetic acid. </LI> <LI> VA and IA comonomer mixture exhibits most efficient cascade TOS activity. </LI> </UL> </P>