기도 섬모운동을 이용한 담배의 품질평가 연구

임흥빈 충북대학교 연초연구소 2004 煙草硏究 Vol.19 No.-

Long-term exposure of cigarette smoke or air pollutants can induce damages in the airway mucociliary function and can be closely related to the stimulation and sputum formation in the respiratory system. This study was to investigate whether the rat trachea can be used as an in vitro model of ciliotoxicity capable of evaluating the cigarette smoke quality. Ciliary beating of rat trachea rings(1 mm) was continued until 48 hours later in saline solution at 25℃ when examining with an inverted microscope. The ciliostasis time in a KCN solution was decreased dose-dependently and it was also declined remarkably in proportion to burned cigarette number. Whole smoke from 30 cigarettes was trapped with bubbling in a 20 ml saline solution by automatic smoking machine and the ciliostsis time was not influenced by an aging of smoke-trapped solution until 6 hours. There were no significant differences with regional tracheal ring, body weight and individual variation of rats in the ciliostsis time. The ciliostasis time was increased in a high moisture, in a high ventillation and in a triple filter of sample cigarette, and the use of sun-curing leaf tobacco in a same grade and glycerol as a humectant were significantly more toxic than the use of air-curing one and polyethylene glycol in this model. Therefore, these data indicate that the ciliotoxicity test by rat trachea in vitro can apply to evaluating the cigarette smoke quality and to searching factors for the stimulation and sputum formation by brand cigarette or air pollutants.

흡연자와 비흡연자의 타액에서 코티닌 정량 및 ETS 노출량 평가

임흥빈,강영국,손형옥,이영구,문자영,이동욱 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 2001 煙草硏究 Vol.18 No.-

This study was conducted to measure and compare the salivary cotinine concentration between smokers and nonsmokers, and to investigate the effect on the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke(ETS) with housewives, living on an apartment of Korea. Saliva samples were taken from all volunteers and salivary cotinine was analyzed by a developed radioimmunoassay(RIA) method. The median salivary cotinine levels were 52.8±12.6 ng/ml and 44.6± 9.7 ng/ml in male smokers and in female ones, respectively, and they were 4.3±2.1 ng/ml and 2.9±3.1 ng/ml in male nonsmokers and in female ones, respectively. In addition, average salivary cotinine levels were 3.8±2.7 ng/ml in housewives from smoking homes and 2.4±2.4ng/ml in ones from nonsmoking homes. Results obtained from the analysis of salivary cotinine demonstrate that smokers had a significantly higher concentration of salivary cotinine than nonsmoker. But, there was no significant difference in the salivary cotinine concentration for housewives living in apartment between with smoking husband and with nonsmoking husband.

측백나무 잎의 정유성분 조사

임동균, 홍열, 임흥빈 충북대학교 연초연구소 2008 煙草硏究 Vol.21 No.-

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국내에서 생산 판매되는 담배 각초에 존재하는 보습제 함량 비교

박병주,임흥빈,이학수 충북대학교 연초연구소 2006 煙草硏究 Vol.20 No.-

This study was carried out to compare humectant contents existed in tobacco shred from 69 cigarette brands being on sale in Korea. Humectant in tobacco shred were extracted by AOAC official method and analysed by gas chromatography. Mean value of glycerol, propylene glycol, and triethylene glycol contents from 69 cigarette brands were 13.6 ± 4.5 mg/g, 6.5 ± 2.6 mg/g, and 0.8 ± 0.2 mg/g, respectively. Humectant contents existed in tobacco shred of cigarette brands manufactured by small tobacco companies were relatively lower than that of the other four major tobacco companies in Korea. These results indicates that humectant contents in tobacco shred from cigarette have to determine periodically in order to give a basic information for quality evaluation of cigarette smoke in connection with smoking and healths, because it plays an important role the formation toxic cigarette smoke components. 본 실험은 국내에서 시판되고 있는 69종의 궐련담배 각초를 재료로 하여 실시하였다. 궐련담배 각초에 함유되어 있는 보습제의 함량을 측정하고 궐련담배 주류연의 tar 및 nicotine 함량을 측정하여 비교분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 국내에서 시판되는 귈련담배 각초 보습제 성분의 평균함량은 glycerol 13.6±4.5 mg/g, propylene glycol 6.5±2.6 mg/g, triethylene glycol 0.8±0.2 mg/g이었다. 2. 군소업체 귈련담배 각초에 존재하는 보습제 함량은 대규모업체에 비해 상대적으로 매우 낮은 수준을 유지하고 있었다

고려인삼의 주아 발달 경로에 대하여

정찬문,임흥빈,이이,정열영,전병록 충북대학교 연초연구소 2009 煙草硏究 Vol.22 No.-

본 시험은 인삼의 채종종자의 조직을 관찰하여 잠아의 실체를 조사하였고 묘삼의 잠아특성을 산지별로 조사하여 다경이 되는 잠아의 발달경로를 알아보았다. 그리고 묘삼을 본포에 이식하여 3년생을 채굴하여 4년생이 될 주아의 생성경로를 조사하였다. 1. 묘삼의 주아는 발아종자의 경근천이부에서 피층조직이 융기하여 돔(dome)형태의 원잠아 또는 측잠아가 형성된 후 이들 조직이 분화하여 발달하였다. 2. 묘삼의 단뇌는 90%가 원잠아에서 유래하였고 쌍뇌는 원잠아와 2%정도의 측잠아1개가 발달되어 형성되었으며 3뇌는 원잠아와 측잠아 2개가 발달하여 형성되었다. 3. 본포에서 2년생과 3년생은 주아가 단뇌로 형성되어 있어 2경개체가 발생하지 않으나 4년생은 3년생에서 발달한 쌍뇌 이상의 주아가 있어 2경개체이상이 관찰되는 최초의 연생이었다. 4. 4년생의 주아는 종자에서 형성된 원잠아, 측잠아와 2-3년생에서 뇌두부위에서 형성된 피층잠아에서 유래하는 것으로 고년생으로 갈수록 쌍뇌 또는 3뇌는 원잠아에 비해 피층잠아 유래의 주아가 많았다. We studied the substance of latent bud by surveying the embryo of harvested seed and developmental pathway of latent bud by analysing the characteristics of latent bud of local ginseng lines. We transplanted one year old ginseng seedlings in the field and harvested it out two years later. And then We investigated developmental pathway of the main bud which would be the shoot of ginseng in the fourth year. Main bud of seedling was formed from the region between root and shoot of germinating seed. Primary and axillary latent buds protruded in dome shape from cortex tissue and differentiated into main bud. Ninety percent of single main bud was derived from primary latent bud, twin main buds were derived from primary latent bud and one axillary bud, and triple main buds were derived from primary latent bud and two axillary latent buds. In the field, We could not find 2-stem plant from 2-3 years old plant, however, We found 2-stem plant from 4-year-o1d plant because twin main buds developed from 3-year-o1d plant. Therefore 2-stem plant was observed obviously from the plant at least 4 years old. Main buds of 4-year-old plant were formed from primary and axillary latent bud of seed and cortex latent bud of rhizome from 2-3 years old plant. In older plants, twin and triple main buds were derived more from cortex latent bud than primary latent bud.

KF114와 KB108 원료가공업의 연기증 Nicotine 및 Tar 함량의 변화

이철희,임흥빈,신주식,석영선 충북대학교 연초연구소 2004 煙草硏究 Vol.19 No.-

궐련담배 연기 중 Tar와 Nicotine 함량은 대부분의 국가에서 담배 포갑지에 표시하도록 규정하고 있으며 우리나라에서도 2003년부터 시행하고 있다. 그리하여 궐련담배 제품의 설정목표에 따라 엽배합의 방안을 강구하고자 우리나라에서 생산하고 있는 황색종과 버어리종의 주 품종인 KF114와 KB108의 원료 가공엽을 김천원료공장과 남원료공장에서 착엽위치 및 등급별로 채취하여 연기 중 Nicotine, Tar 및 CO 함량을 조사하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 원료엽 중 니코틴 함량은 황색종 KF114에 비하여 버어리종 KB108이 높고, 본엽과 상엽에서는 등급이 낮을수록 함량이 높고, 중엽과 하엽에서는 등급이 낮을수록 함량이 낮았다. 2. 황색종 KF114는 궐련담배 1개비 당 중량이 본엽, 중엽, 상엽, 하엽 순으로 무거웠고, 엽위별 등급간에는 등급이 높을수록 무거웠다. 연소시간과 흡연회수는 본엽, 상엽, 중엽, 하엽 순으로 길고 많았다. 3. 버어리종 KB108은 궐련담배 1개비 당 중량이 상엽, 본엽, 중엽, 하엽 순으로 무거웠고, 엽위별 등급간에는 등급이 높을수록 무거웠다. 연소시간은 상엽, 본엽, 중엽, 하엽 순으로 길었으며, 중엽과 하엽에서는 등급이 높을수록 본엽과 상엽에서는 등급이 낮을수록 길었다.4. 황색종 KF114 원료 가공엽의 연기 중 니코틴과 타르 함량은 본엽에서는 등급이 낮을수록 높고, 중엽과 하엽에서는 등급이 높을수록 높은 값을 나타냈다. CO 함량은 본엽, 중엽, 상엽, 하엽순으로 많았고, 등급간 차이는 니코틴과 타르 함량에 대한 등급간 차이보다 적었다. 5. 버어리종 KB108 원료 가공엽의 연기 중 니코틴과 타르 함량은 상엽과 본엽에서는 등급이 낮을수록 높고, 중엽과 하엽에서는 등급이 높을수록 높은 값을 나타냈다. CO의 함량은 상엽, 본엽, 중엽, 하엽 순으로 높았고, 엽위 별 등급간에 차이가 없었다. 6. 잎담배 종류 및 가공엽의 등급에 따라 nicotine/tar 및 Co/tar 비율에 차이가 있는 것을 알 수 있으며, 엽위가 낮을수록 비율도 감소하였다. 7. 버어리종 KB108는 흡연회수, 니코틴, 타르및 CO가 각각 정의 상관관계가 인정되었으나, 황색종 KF114에서는 CO와 니코틴, CO와 타르 간에는 상관관계가 없었다. In most countries, nicotine and tar contents of cigarette smoke should be represented on the cigarette pack by law. It has been carrying out in Korea from 2003. In order to control those contents, It was tested the contents of tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide (CO) of smoke components and puff number for blending two major varieties produced in Korea, KF114, a flue-cured, and KB108, a burley. The processed leaf tobacco were taken from Kim-cheon and Ock-cheon leaf tobacco processing factory. The results were summarized as followed ; 1. Nicotine contents of processed leaf tobacco were higher in KB108, a burley, than in KF114, a flue-cured. Nicotine contents of leaf and tips were higher in low-grade leaves than in high-grade leaves, but those of cutters and lugs were lower in low-grade leaves than in high-grade leaves. 2. The weight per cigarette of KF114 was heavier in the order of leaf, cutters, tips and lugs, and was heavier in high-grade leaves than in low-grade leaves. Combustion time was longer and puff number was more in the order of leaf, tips, cutters and lugs. 3. The weight per cigarette of KB108 was heavier in the order of tips, leaf, cutters and lugs, and was heavier in high-grade leaves than in low-grade leaves. Combustion time was longer in the order of tips, leaf, cutters and lugs. The time of cutters and lugs was longer in high-grade leaves than in low-grade leaves, but those of leaf and tips was longer in low-grade leaves than in high-grade leaves. 4. Nicotine and tar contents of the smoke from the processed leaf tobacco of KF114 were higher in low-grade leaf than in high-grade leaf and cutters and lugs were higher in high-grade than in low-grade. CO contents were higher in the order of leaf, cutters, tips and lugs. The difference of CO contents between different grades was lower than that of nicotine and tar contents. 5. In nicotine and tar contents of the smoke from the processed leaf tobacco of KB108, leaf and tips were higher in low-grade than in high-grade and cutters and lugs were higher in high-grade than in low-grade. CO contents were higher in the order of tips, leaf, cutters and lugs. There was no significant difference of CO contents between different grades of the stalk position. 6. Nicotine/Tar and CO/Tar ratios showed significant difference according to tobacco variety and grade of processed leaf tobacco. The ratios were reduced in lower stalk position. 7. There were positive correlations between puff number, nicotine, tar and CO contents in KB108, but there were no correlations between CO and nicotine, or CO and tar in KF114.

생강나무 잎과 가지의 정유성분 비교

고건우, 홍열, 임흥빈 충북대학교 연초연구소 2008 煙草硏究 Vol.21 No.-

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국내산 당귀의 정유성분 조사

이태항, 홍열, 임흥빈 충북대학교 연초연구소 2008 煙草硏究 Vol.21 No.-

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국내에서 생산 판매되는 담배 각초에 존재하는 알칼로이드 함량과 주류연의 연기성분 비교 연구

박병주,신주식,임흥빈 충북대학교 연초연구소 2006 煙草硏究 Vol.20 No.-

국내에서 시판되고 있는 69종의 궐련담배 각초를 재료로 하여 궐련담배 각초에 함유되어 있는 alkaloid 함량을 측정하고 궐련담배 주류연의 tar 및 nicotine 함량을 측정하여 비교분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 국내에서 시판되고 있는 귈련담배는 tar와 nicotine의 함량이 각각 5 mg, 0.5 mg 수준인 담배가 가장 많았다. 2. 국내에서 시판되는 궐련담배 각초 alkaloid 성분의 평균함량은 nicotine 15.7±1.8 mg/g, nornicotine 432±182 μg/g, anabasine 63±28 μg/g, myosmine 52±17 μg/g이었다. 3. Alkaloid 성분 중 nornicotine 함량은 타사 제품에 비해 A사와 군소업체 제품담배에서 유의하게 높았다. 4. 국내에서 시판되는 궐련담배 각초에 존재하는 nicotine의 주류연으로의 이행율은 10 % 이하였다. This study was carried out to compare alkaloids contents existed in tobacco shred, with major components in tobacco smoke from 69 cigarette brands being on sale in Korea. Alkaloids and cigarette smoke components were analysed by gas chromatography. Cigarette brands with the level of tar 5 mg/cig and nicotine 0.5 mg/cig in mainstream smoke were major in Korea. Mean values of nicotine, nornicotine, anabasine, and myosmine contents existed in tobacco shred from 69 cigarette brand were 15.6 ± 1.9 mg/g, 431 ± 187 ug/g, 62 ± 28 ug/g, 53 ± 16 ug/g, respectively. Nornicotine contents existed in tobacco shred of cigarette brands manufactured by A company and some small companies were relatively higher than that other three major companies. Direct transfer rates of nicotine from shred to mainstream smoke in most cigarette being on sale in Korea was lower than 10%. These results indicates that alkaloids contents in tobacco shred from cigarette have something to do with cigarette smoke components and this analysis have to fulfil periodically in order to obtain a basic information for quality evaluation of cigarette smoke in connection with smoking and healths.

Rotary type과 linear type 자동흡연 장치에 따른 담배연기 중 타르, 니코틴 및 일산화탄소의 함량 비교

정재훈,김영신,임흥빈,석영선,신주식,이학수 충북대학교 연초연구소 2004 煙草硏究 Vol.19 No.-

본 실험은 type별 흡연 장치의 담배 주류연 포집에 대한 차이를 비교하고자 주류연 중 일반적인 다량의 성분을 측정하였다. 1. 니코틴 함량은 대체로 linear-type 흡연 장치에서 높은 경향 이였으나 유의한 차이는 없었다. 2. 수분 함량은 두 가지 type 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 3. tar 함량은 저 농도에서 linear-type 보다 otary-type 흡연 장치가 높은 경향 이였으나 유의한 차이는 없었다. 4. 일산화탄소는 rotary-type과 linear-type 모두 유의한 차이는 없었다. 본 실험결과 ISO 표준 흡연 조건에서 담배 주류연의 tar, 니코틴, 일산화탄소 함량의 측정은 흡연 장치의 type별 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없는 것으로 판단된다. This study was conducted to compare rotary-type with linear-type automatic smoking machine referred to ISO 3308 in the determination of tar, nicotine and CO in cigarette smoke. Sample were used with 4 kinds of domestic branded cigarettes(tar ; 1, 3, 6, 10 mg/cig) and CORESTA Monitor 4 cigarettes(tar ; 14 mg/cig). Tar and nicotine contents were analysed by gas-chromatograph methods in accordance with ISO 4387 and 10315-1. Determination of carbon monoxide in the vapour phase of cigarette smoke was meaured by NDIR method in ISO 8454. Sample preparation were performed in conditioning room at 22℃, 60 % for 48 hours according to ISO 3402. There was no significant difference between two smoking machine from 1 mg/cig to 14 mg/cig tar cigarettes, but, the contents of three components measured by rotary type showed higher tendency than those by linear type in the case of hight tar cigarettes. The results were the opposite in low tar cigarettes.