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Environmental Toxicity in the third phase of Bacterial Growth.
Winthrop, Henry 이화여자대학교 사범대학 과학교육과 1973 과학교육 Vol.9 No.-
박테리아가 시험관 안에서 배양되고 영양물이 일정한 비율로 용액에 첨가된다면 박테리아 집단의 생장은 적절히 확정된 생장곡선에서 나타날 수 있는 일정한 형을 따를 것이다. 박테리아의 수적증가가 자연에서 엄격히 지수적인 제일 생장기 다음에는 줄어드는 생장기가 온다. 이 두 기간을 같이 그린다면 그것은 잘 알려진 S형 생장곡선이 된다. 각 기간은 또한 특별한 설명을 하고 있다. 첫 번째 기간 중에는 실제로 먹이에 대한 경쟁은 일어나지 않는다. 그리고 생장속도는 가속적으로 촉진되며 그것은 어떤 단위 시간내에 일어나는 박테리아의 수적 증가가 바로 전 단위 시간내에 일어나는 증가보다 더욱 크다는 것을 의미한다. 두 번째 기간에서 먹이에 대한 경쟁이 더욱 심해지므로 증가는 점점 적어지게 된다. 두 번째 기간 중에 먹이를 섭취 못한 박테리아는 아사한다.
Winthrop, K L,Park, S-H,Gul, A,Cardiel, M H,Gomez-Reino, J J,Tanaka, Y,Kwok, K,Lukic, T,Mortensen, E,Ponce de Leon, D,Riese, R,Valdez, H BMJ Publishing Group 2016 Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases Vol.75 No.6
<P><B>Objectives</B></P><P>To evaluate the risk of opportunistic infections (OIs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with tofacitinib.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Phase II, III and long-term extension clinical trial data (April 2013 data-cut) from the tofacitinib RA programme were reviewed. OIs defined a priori included mycobacterial and fungal infections, multidermatomal herpes zoster and other viral infections associated with immunosuppression. For OIs, we calculated crude incidence rates (IRs; per 100 patient-years (95% CI)); for tuberculosis (TB) specifically, we calculated rates stratified by patient enrolment region according to background TB IR (per 100 patient-years): low (≤0.01), medium (>0.01 to ≤0.05) and high (>0.05).</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>We identified 60 OIs among 5671 subjects; all occurred among tofacitinib-treated patients. TB (crude IR 0.21, 95% CI of (0.14 to 0.30)) was the most common OI (n=26); median time between drug start and diagnosis was 64 weeks (range 15–161 weeks). Twenty-one cases (81%) occurred in countries with high background TB IR, and the rate varied with regional background TB IR: low 0.02 (0.003 to 0.15), medium 0.08 (0.03 to 0.21) and high 0.75 (0.49 to 1.15). In Phase III studies, 263 patients diagnosed with latent TB infection were treated with isoniazid and tofacitinib concurrently; none developed TB. For OIs other than TB, 34 events were reported (crude IR 0.25 (95% CI 0.18 to 0.36)).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Within the global tofacitinib RA development programme, TB was the most common OI reported but was rare in regions of low and medium TB incidence. Patients who screen positive for latent TB can be treated with isoniazid during tofacitinib therapy.</P>
Seo Philip,Winthrop Kevin,Sawalha Amr Hakam,최세림,황우창,박현아,Lee Eun Bong,Park Jin Kyun 대한류마티스학회 2023 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.30 No.1
Objective: To evaluate the perspective of healthcare professionals towards the 2019 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) vaccination guideline in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD). Methods: Healthcare professionals who care for patients with AIIRD were invited to participate in an online survey regarding their perspective on the 2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for vaccination in adult patients with AIIRD. Level of agreement and implementation of the 6 overarching principles and 9 recommendations were rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1~5). Results: Survey responses of 371 healthcare professionals from Asia (42.2%) and North America (41.6%), Europe (13.8%), and other countries were analyzed. Only 16.3% of participants rated their familiarity with the 2019 EULAR guideline as 5/5 (“very well”). There was a high agreement (≥4/5 rating) with the overarching principles, except for the principles applying to liveattenuated vaccines. There was a high level of agreement with the recommendations regarding influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations; implementation of these recommendations was also high. Participants also reported a high level of agreement with the remaining recommendations but did not routinely implement these recommendations. Conclusion: The 2019 update of EULAR recommendations for the vaccination of adult patients with AIIRD is generally thought to be important by healthcare professionals, although implementation of adequate vaccination is often lacking. Better education of healthcare providers may be important to optimize the vaccination coverage for patients with AIIRD.
Enhancement of In Vitro Regeneration of Several Ocimum Species and Varieties
Park Chung-Heon,Phippen Winthrop B,Simon James E,NamKoong Seung-Bak,Seong Nak-Sul 한국자원식물학회 2005 Plant Resources Vol.8 No.3
Tissue culture systems to optimize regeneration plant species of Ocimum spp were evaluated as a method to micropropagate individual plants and to better study their biology in vitro. Ocimum species were also evaluated for the production of natural plant products during and following the regeneration process. The primary goal of this project was to enhance the regeneration efficiency of basil. Several factors were examined using different Ocimum species and commercial varieties. The effect of cytokinin combination, activated charcoal, gelling agents, and different carbon sources were investigated. Anthocyanin callus spots were produced only in four varieties among six tested. Sweet Dani showed the best results on anthocyanin accumulation, while African beauty , Tree basil and Methylcinnamate produced only a few spots. Shoot regeneration was only achieved from Sweet Dani explants. As the activated charcoal concentration increased, callus formation rate decreased respectively compare to the controls for all varieties. There was a decrease in callus growth with increasing concentration of agar and phytagel.
Park, Jin Kyun,Lee, Min Ah,Lee, Eun Young,Song, Yeong Wook,Choi, Yunhee,Winthrop, Kevin L,Lee, Eun Bong H. K. Lewis 2017 Annals of the rheumatic diseases Vol.76 No.9
<P>Conclusions Temporary MTX discontinuation improves the immunogenicity of seasonal influenza vaccination in patients with RA.</P>