Transgenic Rice Plants Overexpressing BBTI4 Confer Partial but Broad-spectrum Bacterial Blight Resistance

Zhiqian Pang,Zhuangzhi Zhou,Dedong Yin,Qiming Lv,Lixiang Wang,Xiao Xu,Jing Wang,Xiaobing Li,Xianfeng Zhao,Guanghuai Jiang,Jinping Lan,Lihuang Zhu,Songnian Hu,Guozhen Liu 한국식물학회 2013 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.56 No.6

Plant Bowman-Birk type bran trypsin inhibitors(BBTI) belong to a family of serine protease inhibitors thatinhibit trypsin activity and play roles in plant developmentand defense responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Inthis study, transgenic rice plants overexpressing BBTI4 (OXBBTI4)were generated. Reverse-transcription polymerasechain reaction and western blot (WB) analysis demonstratedthat the BBTI4 mRNA and protein levels were significantlyincreased in OX-BBTI4. Notably, two BBTI4 protein formswith different molecular weight (18 kD and 28 kD) wererevealed by WB analysis. In non-transgenic plants, BBTI4-28kD and BBTI4-18kD were mainly expressed in roots andleaves, respectively, while in transgenic OX-BBTI4 plants,both protein forms were expressed constitutively. Subcellularanalysis revealed that BBTI4 is localized in the cytosol. Moreover, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) inoculationexperiments demonstrated that transgenic OX-BBTI4 riceplants conferred partial but broad-spectrum Xoo resistance. InOX-BBTI4 transgenic rice plants, the expression of OsPR3 andOsPR10a proteins was induced and gradually increased afterXoo infection, while the expression of OsPR1a, OsPR1b andOsPR-pha remained unchanged. Taken together, these resultssuggest that BBTI4 may play a role in rice resistance to Xoo,and OsPR3 and OsPR10a may be involved in the OX-BBTI4-dependent partial Xoo resistance response.

Net energy and its establishment of prediction equations for wheat bran in growing pigs

Lyu Zhiqian,Chen Yifan,Wang Fenglai,Liu Ling,Zhang Shuai,Lai Changhua 아세아·태평양축산학회 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.1

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to determine the net energy (NE) value of 6 wheat bran and 1 wheat shorts by indirect calorimetry and establish the NE prediction equations of wheat bran fed to growing barrows. Methods: Forty-eight growing barrows (28.5±2.4 kg body weight) were allotted in a completely randomized design to 8 dietary treatments that included a corn-soybean meal basal diet, 6 wheat bran diets and 1 wheat shorts diet. The inclusion level of wheat bran or wheat shorts in diets is 30%. Results: The addition of wheat bran reduced the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients (p<0.05). The ATTD of gross energy, crude protein (CP) and dry matter (DM) in the wheat shorts were greater than that in the wheat bran. Addition of wheat bran or wheat shorts had no effect on total heat production and fasting heat production. The NE of wheat bran was negatively correlated with neutral detergent fiber (r = –0.84; p<0.05) and acid detergent fiber (r = –0.83; p<0.05), while it was positively correlated with CP (r = 0.92; p<0.01). The NE values of wheat bran ranged from 6.79 to 8.15 MJ/kg DM, and the NE value of wheat shorts was 12.47 MJ/kg DM. The ratio of NE to metabolizable energy for wheat bran fed to growing pigs was from 66.0% to 71.7%, whereas the value for wheat shorts was 83.7%. Conclusion: The NE values of wheat bran ranged from 6.79 to 8.15 MJ/kg DM, and the NE value of wheat shorts was 12.47 MJ/kg DM. The NE value of wheat bran can be well predicted based on energy content and proximate analysis.

Effects of particle size and lipid form of corn on energy and nutrient digestibility in diets for growing pigs

Lyu, Zhiqian,Wang, Lu,Wu, Yifan,Huang, Chengfei Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.2

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of corn particle size and lipid form on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients in diets for growing pigs. Methods: In Exp. 1, thirty barrows (initial body weight [BW], 53.1±3.9 kg) were allotted to 1 of 5 diets formulated with 96.9% corn ground to 441, 543, 618, 659, and 768 ㎛, respectively. In Exp. 2, thirty-six barrows (initial BW, 54.7±3.6 kg) were allotted to 1 of 6 diets formulated by including 2% or 15% corn germ (CG 2 or CG 15), 1% or 6% corn oil (CO 1 or CO 6), 1% CO+2% corn germ meal (CO 1+CGM 2), or 6% CO+15% corn germ meal (CO 6+CGM 15), respectively. Results: The ATTD of gross energy (GE) and the digestible energy (DE) in diet and corn grain linearly decreased as the corn particle size increased (p<0.05) from 441 to 768 ㎛. Particle size had a quadratic effect (p<0.05) on the ATTD of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in diets, and which firstly increased and then decreased as the corn particle size increased from 441 to 618 ㎛ and 618 to 768 ㎛, respectively. The ATTD of GE, ether extract (EE), and the DE in CO 1 diet and CO 6 diet was greater (p<0.05) than that in CG 2 diet and CG 15 diet, respectively. The ATTD of EE in CO 6 diet and CO 6+CGM 15 diet was greater (p<0.05) than that in CO 1 diet and CO 1+CGM 2 diet. Conclusion: Less than 618 ㎛ was recommended for corn particle size in growing pig's diet and extracted lipid had greater digestibility than the intact lipid in corn. Higher concentration of extracted CO had greater digestibility of EE compared with lower concentrations of CO diet.

The Clinical Characteristic and Management of Patients with Nocardiosis in a Tertiary Hospital in China

Liu Peilin,Wang Zhiqian,Jian Zijuan,Liu Xuan,Li Yanming,Yan Qun,Zhong Baiyun,Liao Mengting,Liang Xianghui,Liu Wenen 한국미생물·생명공학회 2023 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.33 No.5

Nocardiosis is an uncommon opportunistic bacterial infection which becomes a significant health problem due to its increasing incidence and high mortality rate. However, many nocardiosis patients are underdiagnosed by physicians. To summarize the clinical characteristics and management of nocardiosis would help with better diagnosis and prognosis of nocardiosis. This retrospective study was conducted based on the medical records of nocardiosis patients between January 2015 and December 2021 in a tertiary hospital in China. Overall, 44 nocardiosis patients with 54 specimens were included. The patients consisted of 26 males and 18 females with a mean age of 50.4 ± 13.2 years. Among 44 patients, 26 (59.1%) were previously given immunosuppressive therapy. Connective tissue diseases (CTDs) were the most common underlying disease (16/44). The most frequent infection sites were the lungs (17/44) and skin or soft tissues (8/44). Common symptoms included cough (23/44), expectoration (18/44), fever (15/44), and subcutaneous abscesses (15/44). Forty-five out of 54 specimens (83.3%) required over 48 hours of culture time for nocardiosis detection. Thirty-six patients were cured or improved, 5 patients were discharged from the hospital due to poor prognosis, and 1 patient died. The average diagnosis time of poor prognosis cases was 19.7 days, which was significantly longer than those of improved or cured patients (7.3 days). Immunosuppressed patients comprise a large part of nocardiosis cases, which is worth attention in clinical practice. Early diagnosis, specifically through prolonged cultivation time of specimen, could help achieve better prognosis of nocardiosis patients.

Abnormal Seedlings Emerged during Embryo Rescue and Its Remedy for Seedless Grape Breeding

Wei Ji,Zhiqian Li,Wenkong Yao,Peijie Gong,Yuejin Wang 한국원예학회 2013 원예과학기술지 Vol.31 No.4

The abnormal seedlings, a common physiological anomalies, emerged during embryo rescue severely restricted grape breeding. To enhance the efficiency of the seedless grape breeding by reducing the production of abnormal seedlings in the course of embryo rescue, we investigated the effects of genotype, media type, embryo style, pre-chilling on the deformity rate of the abnormal seedlings during embryo rescue. The abnormal seedlings were firstly classified into seven categories based on their morphology. Our results indicated that the emergence of abnormal seedlings was highly dependent on the female parent genotype. Polyembryony was advantageous to diminish the number of abnormal plantlets and the germination rate of embryo was 100%. We also found that pre-chilling treatment could reduce the number of abnormal plantlets and promote the embryo germination. The abnormal plantlets were reduced significantly by the addition of ZnSO₄ 10 μmol・L<SUP>-1</SUP> or mashed-banana 500 mg・L<SUP>-1</SUP> to either embryo development or germination media. Transferring the abnormal seedlings onto the suitable fresh media in 4 weeks after embryo germination provided an effective way to transform them into normal seedlings.

Theoretical tensile model and cracking performance analysis of laminated rubber bearings under tensile loading

Chen, Shicai,Wang, Tongya,Yan, Weiming,Zhang, Zhiqian,Kim, Kang-Suk Techno-Press 2014 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.52 No.1

To analyze the tension performance of laminated rubber bearings under tensile loading, a theoretical tension model for analyzing the rubber bearings is proposed based on the theory of elasticity. Applying the boundary restraint condition and the assumption of incompressibility of the rubber (Poisson's ratio of the rubber material is about 0.5 according the existing research results), the stress and deformation expressions for the tensile rubber layer are derived. Based on the derived expressions, the stress distribution and deformation pattern especially for the deformation shapers of the free edges of the rubber layer are analyzed and validated with the numerical results, and the theory of cracking energy is applied to analyze the distributions of prediction cracking energy density and gradient direction. The prediction of crack initiation and crack propagation direction of the rubber layers is investigated. The analysis results show that the stress and deformation expressions can be used to simulate the stress distribution and deformation pattern of the rubber layer for laminated rubber bearings in the elastic range, and the crack energy method of predicting failure mechanism are feasible according to the experimental phenomenon.

Theoretical tensile model and cracking performance analysis of laminated rubber bearings under tensile loading

Shicai Chen,Tongya Wang,Weiming Yan,Zhiqian Zhang,김강석 국제구조공학회 2014 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.52 No.1

To analyze the tension performance of laminated rubber bearings under tensile loading, a theoretical tension model for analyzing the rubber bearings is proposed based on the theory of elasticity. Applying the boundary restraint condition and the assumption of incompressibility of the rubber (Poisson’s ratio of the rubber material is about 0.5 according the existing research results), the stress and deformation expressions for the tensile rubber layer are derived. Based on the derived expressions, the stress distribution and deformation pattern especially for the deformation shapers of the free edges of the rubber layer are analyzed and validated with the numerical results, and the theory of cracking energy is applied to analyze the distributions of prediction cracking energy density and gradient direction. The prediction of crack initiation and crack propagation direction of the rubber layers is investigated. The analysis results show that the stressand deformation expressions can be used to simulate the stress distribution and deformation pattern of the rubber layer for laminated rubber bearings in the elastic range, and the crack energy method of predicting failure mechanism are feasible according to the experimental phenomenon.

Nonlinear in-plane free oscillations of suspended cable investigated by homotopy analysis method

Zhao, Yaobing,Sun, Ceshi,Wang, Zhiqian,Peng, Jian Techno-Press 2014 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.50 No.4

An analytical solution for the nonlinear in-plane free oscillations of the suspended cable which contains the quadratic and cubic nonlinearities is investigated via the homotopy analysis method (HAM). Different from the existing analytical technique, the HAM is indeed independent of the small parameter assumption in the nonlinear vibration equation. The nonlinear equation is established by using the extended Hamilton's principle, which takes into account the effects of the geometric nonlinearity and quasi-static stretching. A non-zero equilibrium position term is introduced due to the quadratic nonlinearity in order to guarantee the rule of the solution expression. Therefore, the mth-order analytic solutions of the corresponding equation are explicitly obtained via the HAM. Numerical results show that the approximate solutions obtained by using the HAM are in good agreement with the numerical integrations (i.e., Runge-Kutta method). Moreover, the HAM provides a simple way to adjust and control the convergent regions of the series solutions by means of an auxiliary parameter. Finally, the effects of initial conditions on the linear and nonlinear frequency ratio are investigated.

Abnormal Seedlings Emerged during Embryo Rescue and Its Remedy for Seedless Grape Breeding

Ji, Wei,Li, Zhiqian,Yao, Wenkong,Gong, Peijie,Wang, Yuejin Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2013 원예과학기술지 Vol.31 No.4

The abnormal seedlings, a common physiological anomalies, emerged during embryo rescue severely restricted grape breeding. To enhance the efficiency of the seedless grape breeding by reducing the production of abnormal seedlings in the course of embryo rescue, we investigated the effects of genotype, media type, embryo style, pre-chilling on the deformity rate of the abnormal seedlings during embryo rescue. The abnormal seedlings were firstly classified into seven categories based on their morphology. Our results indicated that the emergence of abnormal seedlings was highly dependent on the female parent genotype. Polyembryony was advantageous to diminish the number of abnormal plantlets and the germination rate of embryo was 100%. We also found that pre-chilling treatment could reduce the number of abnormal plantlets and promote the embryo germination. The abnormal plantlets were reduced significantly by the addition of $ZnSO_4$ $10{\mu}mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$ or mashed-banana $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ to either embryo development or germination media. Transferring the abnormal seedlings onto the suitable fresh media in 4 weeks after embryo germination provided an effective way to transform them into normal seedlings.

Nonlinear in-plane free oscillations of suspended cable investigated by homotopy analysis method

Yaobing Zhao,Ceshi Sun,Zhiqian Wang,Jian Peng 국제구조공학회 2014 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.50 No.4

An analytical solution for the nonlinear in-plane free oscillations of the suspended cable which contains the quadratic and cubic nonlinearities is investigated via the homotopy analysis method (HAM). Different from the existing analytical technique, the HAM is indeed independent of the small parameter assumption in the nonlinear vibration equation. The nonlinear equation is established by using the extended Hamilton's principle, which takes into account the effects of the geometric nonlinearity and quasi-static stretching. A non-zero equilibrium position term is introduced due to the quadratic nonlinearity in order to guarantee the rule of the solution expression. Therefore, the mth-order analytic solutions of the corresponding equation are explicitly obtained via the HAM. Numerical results show that the approximate solutions obtained by using the HAM are in good agreement with the numerical integrations (i.e., Runge-Kutta method). Moreover, the HAM provides a simple way to adjust and control the convergent regions of the series solutions by means of an auxiliary parameter. Finally, the effects of initial conditions on the linear and nonlinear frequency ratio are investigated.