Prediction of net energy values in expeller-pressed and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal for growing pigs

Li, Zhongchao,Lyu, Zhiqian,Liu, Hu,Liu, Dewen,Jaworski, Neil,Li, Yakui,Lai, Changhua Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.1

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine net energy (NE) of expeller-press (EP-RSM) and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal (SE-RSM) and to establish equations for predicting the NE in rapeseed meal (RSM) fed to growing pigs. Methods: Thirty-six barrows (initial body weight [BW], 41.1±2.2 kg) were allotted into 6 diets comprising a corn-soybean meal basal diet and 5 diets containing 19.50% RSM added at the expense of corn and soybean meal. The experiment had 6 periods and 6 replicate pigs per diet. During each period, the pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 16 days which included 7 days for adaption to diets. On day 8, pigs were transferred to respiration chambers and fed their respective diet at 2,000 kJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg BW0.6/d. Feces and urine were collected, and daily heat production was measured from day 9 to 13. On days 14 and 15, the pigs were fed at 890 kJ ME/kg BW0.6/d and fasted on day 16 for evaluation of fasting heat production (FHP). Results: The FHP of pigs averaged 790 kJ/kg BW0.6/d and was not affected by the diet composition. The NE values were 10.80 and 8.45 MJ/kg DM for EP-RSM and SE-RSM, respectively. The NE value was positively correlated with gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), ME, and ether extract (EE). The best fit equation for NE of RSM was NE (MJ/kg DM) = 1.14×DE (MJ/kg DM)+0.46×crude protein (% of DM)-25.24 (n = 8, R2 = 0.96, p<0.01). The equation NE (MJ/kg DM) = 0.22×EE (% of DM)-0.79×ash (% of DM)+14.36 (n = 8, R2 = 0.77, p = 0.018) may be utilized to quickly determine the NE in RSM when DE or ME values are unavailable. Conclusion: The NE values of EP-RSM and SE-RSM were 10.80 and 8.45 MJ/kg DM. The NE value of RSM can be well predicted based on energy content (GE, DE, and ME) and proximate analysis.

Oligosaccharides are a key factor in prediction of amino acid digestibility in soybean meal of different origins when fed to growing pigs

Zhongchao Li,Qiuyun Wang,Fei Xie,Dewen Liu,Yakui Li,Zhiqian Lyu,Changhua Lai 아세아·태평양축산학회 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.12

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to determine apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) in 15 sources of soybean meal (SBM) produced from soybeans from different countries and subsequently to establish equations for predicting the AID and SID in SBM based on their chemical composition. Methods: Eighteen barrows (57.9±6.1 kg) fitted with a simple T-cannula were allotted into three 6×6 Latin square designs. Each period comprised a 6-d adaption period followed by a 2-d collection of ileal digesta. The 15 test diets included SBM as a sole source of AA in the diet. Another nitrogen-free diet was used to measure basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was used as an inert marker in each diet. Results: The AID of lysine in SBM from China and USA tended to be greater than in SBM from Brazil (p<0.10). The SID of valine and proline in SBM from China was greater than in SBM from Brazil (p<0.05). The SID of lysine, threonine, cysteine and glycine in SBM from China tended to be greater than in SBM from Brazil (p<0.10). From a stepwise regression analysis, a series of AID and SID prediction equations were generated. The best fit equations for lysine in SBM were: AID lysine = 1.16 sucrose–1.81 raffinose+82.10 (R2 = 0.69, p<0.01) and SID lysine = 1.14 sucrose–1.93 raffinose–0.99 ether extract (EE)+85.26 (R2 = 0.77, p<0.01). Conclusion: It was concluded that under the conditions of this experiment, the oligosaccharides (such as sucrose and raffinose) can be used to predict the AID and SID of AA in SBM with reasonable accuracy.

Transgenic Rice Plants Overexpressing BBTI4 Confer Partial but Broad-spectrum Bacterial Blight Resistance

Zhiqian Pang,Zhuangzhi Zhou,Dedong Yin,Qiming Lv,Lixiang Wang,Xiao Xu,Jing Wang,Xiaobing Li,Xianfeng Zhao,Guanghuai Jiang,Jinping Lan,Lihuang Zhu,Songnian Hu,Guozhen Liu 한국식물학회 2013 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.56 No.6

Plant Bowman-Birk type bran trypsin inhibitors(BBTI) belong to a family of serine protease inhibitors thatinhibit trypsin activity and play roles in plant developmentand defense responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Inthis study, transgenic rice plants overexpressing BBTI4 (OXBBTI4)were generated. Reverse-transcription polymerasechain reaction and western blot (WB) analysis demonstratedthat the BBTI4 mRNA and protein levels were significantlyincreased in OX-BBTI4. Notably, two BBTI4 protein formswith different molecular weight (18 kD and 28 kD) wererevealed by WB analysis. In non-transgenic plants, BBTI4-28kD and BBTI4-18kD were mainly expressed in roots andleaves, respectively, while in transgenic OX-BBTI4 plants,both protein forms were expressed constitutively. Subcellularanalysis revealed that BBTI4 is localized in the cytosol. Moreover, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) inoculationexperiments demonstrated that transgenic OX-BBTI4 riceplants conferred partial but broad-spectrum Xoo resistance. InOX-BBTI4 transgenic rice plants, the expression of OsPR3 andOsPR10a proteins was induced and gradually increased afterXoo infection, while the expression of OsPR1a, OsPR1b andOsPR-pha remained unchanged. Taken together, these resultssuggest that BBTI4 may play a role in rice resistance to Xoo,and OsPR3 and OsPR10a may be involved in the OX-BBTI4-dependent partial Xoo resistance response.

Abnormal Seedlings Emerged during Embryo Rescue and Its Remedy for Seedless Grape Breeding

Ji, Wei,Li, Zhiqian,Yao, Wenkong,Gong, Peijie,Wang, Yuejin Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2013 원예과학기술지 Vol.31 No.4

The abnormal seedlings, a common physiological anomalies, emerged during embryo rescue severely restricted grape breeding. To enhance the efficiency of the seedless grape breeding by reducing the production of abnormal seedlings in the course of embryo rescue, we investigated the effects of genotype, media type, embryo style, pre-chilling on the deformity rate of the abnormal seedlings during embryo rescue. The abnormal seedlings were firstly classified into seven categories based on their morphology. Our results indicated that the emergence of abnormal seedlings was highly dependent on the female parent genotype. Polyembryony was advantageous to diminish the number of abnormal plantlets and the germination rate of embryo was 100%. We also found that pre-chilling treatment could reduce the number of abnormal plantlets and promote the embryo germination. The abnormal plantlets were reduced significantly by the addition of $ZnSO_4$ $10{\mu}mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$ or mashed-banana $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ to either embryo development or germination media. Transferring the abnormal seedlings onto the suitable fresh media in 4 weeks after embryo germination provided an effective way to transform them into normal seedlings.

Abnormal Seedlings Emerged during Embryo Rescue and Its Remedy for Seedless Grape Breeding

Wei Ji,Zhiqian Li,Wenkong Yao,Peijie Gong,Yuejin Wang 한국원예학회 2013 원예과학기술지 Vol.31 No.4

The abnormal seedlings, a common physiological anomalies, emerged during embryo rescue severely restricted grape breeding. To enhance the efficiency of the seedless grape breeding by reducing the production of abnormal seedlings in the course of embryo rescue, we investigated the effects of genotype, media type, embryo style, pre-chilling on the deformity rate of the abnormal seedlings during embryo rescue. The abnormal seedlings were firstly classified into seven categories based on their morphology. Our results indicated that the emergence of abnormal seedlings was highly dependent on the female parent genotype. Polyembryony was advantageous to diminish the number of abnormal plantlets and the germination rate of embryo was 100%. We also found that pre-chilling treatment could reduce the number of abnormal plantlets and promote the embryo germination. The abnormal plantlets were reduced significantly by the addition of ZnSO₄ 10 μmol・L<SUP>-1</SUP> or mashed-banana 500 mg・L<SUP>-1</SUP> to either embryo development or germination media. Transferring the abnormal seedlings onto the suitable fresh media in 4 weeks after embryo germination provided an effective way to transform them into normal seedlings.

The Clinical Characteristic and Management of Patients with Nocardiosis in a Tertiary Hospital in China

Liu Peilin,Wang Zhiqian,Jian Zijuan,Liu Xuan,Li Yanming,Yan Qun,Zhong Baiyun,Liao Mengting,Liang Xianghui,Liu Wenen 한국미생물·생명공학회 2023 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.33 No.5

Nocardiosis is an uncommon opportunistic bacterial infection which becomes a significant health problem due to its increasing incidence and high mortality rate. However, many nocardiosis patients are underdiagnosed by physicians. To summarize the clinical characteristics and management of nocardiosis would help with better diagnosis and prognosis of nocardiosis. This retrospective study was conducted based on the medical records of nocardiosis patients between January 2015 and December 2021 in a tertiary hospital in China. Overall, 44 nocardiosis patients with 54 specimens were included. The patients consisted of 26 males and 18 females with a mean age of 50.4 ± 13.2 years. Among 44 patients, 26 (59.1%) were previously given immunosuppressive therapy. Connective tissue diseases (CTDs) were the most common underlying disease (16/44). The most frequent infection sites were the lungs (17/44) and skin or soft tissues (8/44). Common symptoms included cough (23/44), expectoration (18/44), fever (15/44), and subcutaneous abscesses (15/44). Forty-five out of 54 specimens (83.3%) required over 48 hours of culture time for nocardiosis detection. Thirty-six patients were cured or improved, 5 patients were discharged from the hospital due to poor prognosis, and 1 patient died. The average diagnosis time of poor prognosis cases was 19.7 days, which was significantly longer than those of improved or cured patients (7.3 days). Immunosuppressed patients comprise a large part of nocardiosis cases, which is worth attention in clinical practice. Early diagnosis, specifically through prolonged cultivation time of specimen, could help achieve better prognosis of nocardiosis patients.

Bipolar modulation of brushless DC motor with integrated control of motoring and regenerative braking

Ping Fan,Ruiqing Ma,Yuchen Zhang,Zhiqian Dang,Tianxing Li 전력전자학회 2022 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.22 No.2

A simple, effective method to realize the integrated control of motoring and regenerative braking of brushless DC motor is proposed in this paper. This method can automatically switch between the two states of motoring and regenerative braking according to the change of load without a braking command and current discontinuity, and can realize steady speed control. For the convenience of analysis, first, the model of the brushless DC motor and the methods of the existing motoring and regenerative braking are briefly explained. Then, the working principle of the proposed method under the two states of motoring and regenerative braking is analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments.

Semi-discrete central difference method for determining surface heat flux of IHCP

Zhi Qian,Chu-Li Fu 대한수학회 2007 대한수학회지 Vol.44 No.6